Crane is an important equipment for the transport of heavy goods in industrial sites, but it is also known as one of the most fatal machines. In order to reduce crane accidents, it is necessary to minimize human errors during crane operations. To achieve this, ergonomic design principles are recommended to be reflected from the crane design stage. The study analyzed the safety certification standards for crane that should be fulfilled at the crane design and manufacturing stage. This study selected five representative ergonomic design principles (feedback, compatibility, consistency, full-proof, and fail-safe) by surveying heuristic evaluation principles that are widely used for usability evaluation in early design stage. Next, the principles were applied to the safety certification standards to identify insufficient clauses. This study identified 12 insufficient clauses out of 119 in the current safety certification standards for crane and discussed their improvement directions to comply the ergonomic principles. The analysis results of this study can help of improving the safety certification standards and the method used in this study can also be applied to identify insufficient clauses in the safety certification standards for other industrial machines such as press machine and lift.

본 연구의 목적은 In-DEBS (In-situ Demonstration of Engineered Barrier System) 시험장치에 대한 설계안을 도출하고, 현장실증용 공학적방벽재의 생산을 위한 최적 제작조건을 도출하는 것이다. 이와 관련하여 그간 한국원자력연구원에서 수행한 실증실험 수행경험과 문헌분석 그리고 선진핵주기 고준위폐기물처분시스템(AKRS)을 근거로 시험장치를 설계하였다. 또한 처분용기와 벤토나이트 완충재는 시험제작을 통해 최적의 제작조건을 도출하였고, 예비 성능평가를 통해 제작된 공학적방벽재의 성능을 검증하였다. In-DEBS 현장시험을 위해서 AKRS의 1/2.3 규모로 설계하였으며, 고른 온도분포의 핵연료 모사를 위하여 설계 전력량 4.2 kW의 알루미늄 재질 몰드히터를 사용하였다. 한편 In-DEBS에 사용될 공학규모 이상의 균질 완충재 블록을 제작하기 위해 플롯팅 다이(floating die) 방식의 프레스 재하 및 냉간등방압프레스(CIP; Cold Isostatic Press) 기법을 국내 최초로 완충재 제작에 적용하였다. 연구결과 AKRS 완충재 블록 제한요건(건조밀도 › 1.6 kg·cm-3)을 충족하기 위해서는 1차로 40 MPa 이상의 플롯팅 다이 프레스 압력을 가하고, 2차로 50 MPa의 CIP 압력이 소요됨을 확인하였다. 또한 완충재 블록 내 센서설치를 위하여 CNC (Computer Numerical Control) 기법을 이용하여 센서위치를 정교하게 성형하였다

본 연구에서는 한국원자력연구원 부지 내 KURT 연구시설에 심지층 처분실증시험을 수행할 목적으로 사전 해외현황조사를 실시하였다. 고준위폐기물 심지층 처분을 목적으로 지하연구시설을 구축한 나라들을 대상으로 현재 수행되었거나, 수행이 진행 중인 공학적방벽 성능평가 시험들을 조사하였다. 주요 실증시험으로는, 스웨덴/프랑스 TBT, 스웨덴 LOT, 스위스 HEE, 벨기에 PRACLAY, 스페인 FEBEX, 일본 HORONOBE, 및 캐나다 BCE 등이었다. 각 실증시험에 대하여 시험의 목적, 시험 체의 구성, 시험조건, 세부 구성도, 측정 항목, 측정기기, 및 도출된 결과 등을 구체적으로 조사하였으며, 시험결과보다는 시 험목적 및 시험물의 구축방법 파악에 더 집중하였다. 왜냐하면, 각국의 공학적방벽 성능시험방법의 검토를 통해 향후 KURT 에서 추진하게 될 공학적방벽 실증시설의 설계에 도움을 얻고, 다양한 성능시험을 동시에 수행할 수 있도록 하기 위해서였 다. 향후 KURT 확장을 통해 공학적방벽 성능시험 터널을 확보하고, 중규모의 성능 시험시연을 추진하게 될 예정이다. 본 기 술검토를 통해 이 때 추진할 시험내역과 시험체의 구성 및 크기 등의 상세 설계에 필요한 기초적인 지식을 얻고자 하였다.

For the matter of elevator, one of the multi-use facilities for unspecified public, the JIS has re-established and reformed to apply to the environment in South Korea for the past 20 years. In the aspect of safety assurance, it was inevitable to suggest improved measures. The government, Ministry of Public Administration and Security has secured the safety by enhancing the safety management functions in the elevator inspection standards and expanding its safety device measures. Further, the international inspection standard has been introduced, which is about unifying inspection standard system into the international standard code. In March 14th 2012, the international standard (EN) has been amended and fully announced. Escalator and passenger conveyor among lift devices have several common danger factor that cause safety accident. First, the accident caused by decreased braking power of brake. Second, the accident caused by the rate difference between handrail and tread-board. Third, the accident caused by defects of contraflow preventing device or carelessness inspection. Fourth, the accident caused by wet tread-board or wet floor of platform which makes passenger slip and fall. As the improvements to prevent and reduce these negligent accidents, the inspection list to check and methods should be subdivided and applied for each accident likelihood cause for safety management enhancement and safety assurance of existing escalator and passenger conveyors. The escalators and passenger conveyors without safety devices in existence should be obliged to modify the part of the system or install additional safety device. With making these measures obligations, it requires to improve the system to be suitable for the international inspection standard and to have measures to prevent safety accidents. It also needs to arrange improvements for skid accident of tread-board by the external environment factors such as snow and rain.

This study tried to focus on nontraditional job that has not been studied in terms of the subjects associated with MSDs(Musculoskeletal Disorders). Specifically, dental procedure was the job to be analyzed in this study. An alternative method as well as a traditional method for viewing teeth while performing simulated dental procedures. Four graduated students did both methods(direct view and indirect view) as the subjects in this study. The method based on indirect view used a video camera and monitor to view the teeth. The experiment was conducted five times for each subject. The major findings in this study were as follows; 1) Job speed was increased with the repetitions for both methods, 2) Difference of Neck flexion between direct and indirect methods was statistically siginificant(Neck flexion for indirect method was dramatically decreased), 3) Difference of job speed between direct and indirect methods was statistically significant(Job speed for direct method was faster than that of indirect method), 4) Difference of error rate between direct and indirect methods was statistically significant(error rate for direct method was lower than that of indirect method), 5) Even though indirect method did not provide better performance in terms of job speed and error rate yet, it seemed to need a trade-off between two methods in the future since indirect method provided better working postures than that of direct method.

The psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) have been one of major health problems for hospital workers. This study tried to understand the relationship between symptoms associated with MSDs and risk factors such as working posture, job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. A total number of 655 hospital workers participated in this study. Specifically, REBA was applied for evaluating working posture and a checklist prepared by KOSHA(Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency) was used for symptom survey. A questionnaire from KOSHA was also used for collecting data associated with job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. All these data were formulated and modeled by path analysis which was one of major statistical tools in this study. Specifically, path analysis for the data we collected came up with several major findings. The risk scores from working posture based on REBA had indirect effects via fatigue factor(MFS) as well as direct effects on symptoms. The factors associated with job stress (KOSS) and psychosocial stress(PWI-SF) had significant effects on symptoms. Specifically, indirect effect of job stress factors via fatigue factors(MFS) had bigger than that of direct effect of job stress on symptom.

The psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) have been one of major health problems for hospital workers. This study tried to understand the relationship between symptoms associated with MSDs and risk factors such as working posture, job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. A total number of 655 hospital workers participated in this study. Specifically, REBA was applied for evaluating working posture and a checklist prepared by KOSHA(Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency) was used for symptom survey. A questionnaire from KOSHA was also used for collecting data associated with job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. All these data were formulated and modeled by path analysis which was one of major statistical tools in this study. Specifically, path analysis for the data we collected came up with several major findings. The risk scores from working posture based on REBA had indirect effects via fatigue factor(MFS) as well as direct effects on symptoms. The factors associated with job stress(KOSS) and psychosocial stress(PWI-SF) had significant effects on symptoms. Specifically, indirect effect of job stress factors via fatigue factors(MFS) had bigger than that of direct effect of job stress on symptom.

It is known that most people have a dominant eye, even though each of their two eyes in isolation may provide equal vision. In this study, 600 Korean male and female subjects aging from 11 to 78 were selected to investigate the various statistics about eye dominance( whether the left or right eye is dominant} in Korean and their employment characteristics of preferred eye in sighting diverse things. A simple sighting test was applied such that subjects are requested to aim a distance target through small hole in B4 sized paper with both eyes open. The dominant eye was determined by alternate occlusion: when viewing with the dominant eye into the hole is aligned with the target, whereas when viewing with the other eye into the hole appears offset to one side. The descriptive statistics showed that 83.7% and 16.3% were right and left eye dominant respectively. Moreover, various statistical analysis revealed that general tendency of eye dominance was varied by age, gender, hand dominance and visual acuity. It was thus found from these results that people sighting their eyes differently depending on the eye dominance when they sight things.

This paper presents the interrelationship between software quality character and engineering attributes. The software quality characteristics and subcharacteristics are excerpted from IS0/IEC 9126 standards, and the engineering attributes are from Deutsch and Willis〔4〕. Based on the previous studies a subjective judgement, trisected interrelationship(strong, medium, weak) bet these two groups are derived. The results are summarized in a table, and can be used as a quick reference guide to the software quality engineering application such as quality evaluations for software products, selection of key engineering attributes for high-quality software production, and so forth.

본 연구에서는 감성공학적 분석 방법론을 고안하여 직물 디자인 분야에 적용하고 그 효용성을 규명하였다. 방법론을 개발하기 위한 기초자료로서 직물 디자인요소와 이와 관련된 감성어휘를 수집하고 직물디자인요소계층도를 구축하였다. 수립된 직물디자인요소계층도상의 디자인요소에 관한 상대적인 중요도를 조사하여 디자인 요소별 가중치를 산출하고, 특정 디자인에 대하여 총체적인 감성수준과 디자인 요소별 감성수준을 측정한다. 측정된 요소별 감성수준을 Analytic Hierarchy Process 기법으로 종합한 감성수준을 비교한 결과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 이 분석 방법론은 사전정보와 기술요소정보를 유기적으로 결합한 기반이 될 수 있는 합리적, 과학적인 개발 방법론을 제시하였다는데 큰 의의를 갖는다.

Recently, risk analysis of the fill dam has been many studies. The geotechnical characteristics are an important part of the risk analysis, and has a variety of causes failures. Geotechnical characteristics of fill dam is divided into structural and physical characteristics. In domestic, failure mechanism for risk analysis may consider six types.

최근 아이슬란드 남부의 화산폭발은 유럽지역에 항공대란을 야기하였으며, 또한, 일본의 가고시마 화산 폭발은 대량의 화산재를 분출하여 도로 및 농작물에 많은 피해를 발생시켰다. 국내에서도 2002년 백두산 지역을 중심으로 강진에 의한 지표면 팽창현상이 관찰되면서 백두산의 화산폭발 위험성이 점증하고 있다. 백두산 화산폭발이 발생하는 경우 화산재의 처리에 따른 막대한 국가적 손실이 유발되므로, 화산재 처리 및 활용방안의 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있는 실정이고 이를 위해서는 다양한 공학적 특성 분석 시험이 선행되어야 한다.본 연구에서는 SEM, XRD등의 미세구조 분석을 통해 화학성분 및 화산재의 내부구조를 고찰하고. 비중, 함수비, 입도 등의 시험을 실시하여 백두산 및 한라산 화산재를 친환경 건설재료로 활용하기 위한 공학적 자료를 제시하였다.