Owing to its excellent nutritional value, eggs are among the most important components of the human diet. Gender and environmental factors, such as feed composition, may alter the nutritional profile and quality of eggs. Feed additives have recently been used to enhance the health and productivity of hens, which has resulted in the production of higher-quality eggs. The fungus Cordyceps militaris, a well-established source of traditional medicines, contains potential bioactive metabolites, which prompted us to examine the effects of C. militaris-supplemented diets on the quality of hens’ eggs. The hens of two species (Gallus gallus domesticus and Araucana) were fed with one of three different diets: a control diet and diets supplemented with 2% or 5% of C. militaris. Egg quality was determined by measuring the Haugh Unit, yolk color, and shell thickness. In addition, egg and shell densities together with the ratio of yolk to albumen were calculated. Eggshell thickness and yolk color were both enhanced by the addition of C. militaris, whereas Haugh Unit values were somewhat reduced. Egg size, eggshell weight, and yolk and albumen production were all enhanced by C. militaris supplementation. Notably, in hens fed the 2% C. militaris-supplemented diet, enhancement was more evident in the yolk than in the albumen. The overall quality of the egg yolk was enhanced when 2% C. militaris was added to the hens' diet, which led to increases in both yolk color and quantity. Eggshell thickness and weight were also higher among eggs laid by hens fed the supplemented diets. Although these effects differed depending on the chicken species, we established that, in general, C. militaris contributes to improving egg quality.

노란달걀버섯은(Amanita javanica) 국내에서 산림법으 로 보호받고 있는 식용 가능한 외생균근성 버섯이나, 중요한 산림자원으로서 활용하기 위한 기초적인 특성 연구에 대한 자료는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 채집 야생버섯 자실체로부터 분리한 노란달걀버섯 NIFoS 1267 균주를 이용하여 PDA 배지 상에서 물리적 요인(온도, pH, 광)과 화학적인 요인(염분, 중금속, 농약)에 따른 균사생장 특성을 조사하였다. 최적의 물리적 환경은 온도가 30oC, pH가 5-6, 암조건으로 배양이었을 때 노란달걀 버섯 균주의 균사생장이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 화학적 요인으로서 염분은 2.0% 농도 조건까지 버섯균주의 균사 생장이 가능하였다. 50 ppm 농도의 중금속 이온 환경에서 비소(As) 이온은 노란달걀버섯 균주의 균사생장에 영향을 주지 않았으나 카드뮴(Cd)와 납(Pb) 이온은 균사 생장이 불가능하게 하였다. 국내 산림에 사용되고 있는 2가지 농약의 경우, Abamectin 첨가 배지에서는 노란달걀 버섯 균주의 균사 생장에 영향이 없었으나 Acetamiprid, Emamectin benzoate, Thiacloprid가 첨가된 배지 환경에서는 균사 생장이 모두 다 저해 되었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 상업적 생산을 위한 새로운 자원으로서 노란달걀버섯의 인공재배 연구에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

The baking properties of rice bread with polydextrose (3, 6, and 9%), enzymes (0.006, 0.009, and 0.018%) and egg (1.32 and 2.64%) were investigated. The specific gravity and color (L, a, b) of the dough, as well as the appearance, color (L, a, b) and texture of the rice bread were analyzed. The springiness, chewiness, gumminess (p<0.01) and hardness (p<0.001) of the rice bread tended to increase as the amount of added polydextrose increased. Replacement of rice flour with hemicellulase, glucose oxidase and fungal amylase are effective for producing rice bread. Replacement of rice flour with 0.009% glucose oxidase and 0.006% fungal amylase had a significant effect on increasing the volume and decreasing the hardness of the rice bread (p<0.001). Replacement of rice flour with 1.32% egg white also had a significant effect on increasing the volume and decreasing the hardness of the rice bread (p<0.001). These results suggest that replacement of rice flour with 0.009% glucose oxidase and 0.006% fungal amylase, and 1.32% egg white are effective for producing rice bread with good volume and hardness.

The aim of this study was to examine the association between egg consumption and the risk of chronic disease in Korean adult females using the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 1,230 subjects aged 40~64 were classified into the 4 groups according to the number of egg consumed per week: <1, 1~2.9, 3~5, ≥5.1 As egg consumption increased, the intake of energy, protein, fiber, cholesterol, calcium, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin C increased. The percentage of the subjects with lower intake of energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C than the estimated average requirement in the <1 group were the highest among the groups. The blood lipid profile including total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was not significantly different among the 4 egg groups. The higher egg consumption was inversely related to a lower odds ratio of metabolic syndrome, hypertriglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypoHDL-cholesterolemia, and hypertension. This result indicates that egg consumption does not elevate the plasma cholesterol level and has a beneficial effect of decreasing the risk of chronic disease. (175)

Malodor emitted while producing fertilizer from hatchery egg waste treated with microorganism is an important limiting factor. To reduce this problem, we attempted to use two yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, KACC 30008 and KACC 30068. Both yeast strains reduce ammonia gas emission 35.4% than only treated with bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. When both strains were used together, that was reduced as 57.1%. KACC 30008 and 30068 strains reduced hydrogen sulfide 42 and 90.4%, respectively. Both strains together reduced hydrogen sulfide gas as 98.5%. KACC 30008 did not decrease methyl mercaptan emission. However KACC 30068 decreased 40% and both strains together decreased the gas emission as 66.7%. Overall, this study showed that yeast treatment could enhance the effect of B. amyloliquefaciens treatment in the reduction of malodorous gas emission.

In this study, growth enhancing effect of hatchery waste egg decomposed liquid fertilizer in pepper plant cultivation through chlorophyll fluorescence (O-J-I-P) analysis. In a whole growth period, egg decomposed fertilizer treated pepper grew well than non treated plant, though it was not statistically significantly different. Amount of chlorophyll fluorescence of non treated plant was higher thant that of fertilizer treated plant. It is determined that eventually lead to increased photosynthesis. In this study, six parameters, Fo, ABS/RC, RC/ABS, TRo/RC, DI0/RC, and DF Total ABS were the important factors represent efficiency of photochemical responses of pepper plant treated with hatchery waste egg decomposed fertilizer.

The 2%, 3% of deer young antler, deer antler, oystershell, crabshell, eggshell were add into the 5%, 10%, 15% solution of glacial acetic acid and vinegar and after incubating it for 4 days at 30℃ respectively, solubility was analyzed. The result shows the difference was minute between glacial acetic acid and vinegar. In the 2% content of deer young antler, solubility was 42～47%, in the 3% content of it, solubility was 41～47%, with the acid concentration becoming higher, solubility increased slightly. In the 2% content of deer antler, solubility was 59～63%, in the 15% content of acid, solubility rather decreased. In the 2% content of oystershell, solubility was 85～96%, in the 3% content, solubility was 95～98%, in the 15% of acid density, it decreased. In the 2% content of crabshell, solubility was 79～88%, in the 3% content, solubility was 81～95%, and in case that acid density was high, solubility increased rather slightly. In the 2% content of eggshell, solubility was 84～96%, in the 3% content, solubility was 84～93%. When young deer antler and deer antler were heated for two hours at 100℃, solubility increased 19～24%, and in the case of crabshell, 10～11% increased. The above result and condition, and the result of pH and acidity don`t have much influence on solubility. Thus, the 5% of acidity was enough to melt the 3% of sample. Highest were glacial acetic acid and vinegar in solubility to the various organic acid, and wax gourd vinegar melted the 85% of oystershell, the 78% of crabshell, the 28% of the deer young antler, and in the precipitation was made. Citric acid melted the 57% of deer antler, but it was precipitated with all other samples. Ascorbic acid melted the 92% of eggshell, and did the 37～54% of other samples.

Calcium phosphate powders were successfully synthesized by using re-cycled eggshell and phosphoric acid. The crystallization behavior and powder morphologies of the synthesized powders were dependent on the starting condition of the eggshell, the mixing ratio and method of the eggshell and phosphoric acid, and calcination temperature. In general, -tricalcium phosphate was stably synthesized at about 90 for 1h at each proper mixing ratio. And, the synthesized powders showed the similar microstructures to the morphology of original eggshell with uniform particle sizes. In this study, the calcium phosphate powders were synthesized with eggshell in various processing method. And their unique microstructures obtained from the eggshell were also. observed. The crystalline developments and microstructures of the synthesized powders were examined by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy

강한 지진 하에서 효율적으로 거동하도록 유도하는 연구중의 하나로서 개구부를 가진 합성보의 이력거동을 조사하고 있다. 직사각형 개구부를 가진 합성보에 대한 연구를 발전시켜 에너지 소산능력이 보다 큰 달걀형 개구부를 가진 합성보에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험적 연구와 비선형 FEM 해석 연구 모두가 그러한 합성보의 연성도를 입증하였다. 본 연구는 달걀형 개구부를 가진 합성보의 강도와 초기강성도를 산정하는 약산식을 제시하였고, 그 결과를 실험 및 비선형 FEM 해석의 결과와 비교 분석하였다.

달걀의 Allergenicity를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 강구하고자 물리적 처리, 축합 인산염 처리 및 효소처리를 하여 Guinea pig를 이용한 Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis(PCA) inhibition 실험과 Non Proteic Nitrogen(NPN)정량을 통한 가수분해율의 측정결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 달걀의 allergenicity는 가열에 의해 감소하였으며 가열시간이 길수록 단백질 가수분해율 및 PCA inhibition을 증가시켰다. Ultraviolet照射와 microwave照射는 단백 가수분해율과 PCA inhibition을 증가시켜서 allergenictity를 저하시켰으며 ultraviolet이 저해효과가 더 컸으며 부화달걀은 allergenicity를 감소시키지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 효소처리는 단백질의 가수분해율 및 PCA inhibition을 증가시키며 allergenicity를 현저히 감소시켰으며 alcalase의 저해효과가 더 컸다. Polyphosphate의 첨가는 단백질의 가수분해는 유도하지 않았으나 PCA inhibition을 증가시키며 allergenicity를 감소시켰다. Allergenicity를 감소시키기 위한 처리를 한 달걀 gel의 주사전자현미경 사진은 효소처리시 표면이 밝게 나타나서 단백질이 분해되었음을 알 수 있었고 neutrase가 alcalase보다 밝게 나타났으나 반응시간의 증가에 따라 모든 효소 표면이 밝게 나타났다. Instron에서 달걀 gel의 경도를 측정한 결과 효소와의 반응시간이 길수록 경도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

We tried to develope a desulfurization sorbent using eggshell for recycling, practicability, and economic development. The calcination character of the eggshell was examined by thermal gravimetric analysis and qualitative-quantitative character by X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The calcination was occurred easily in the case of eggshell and its form was changed from calcite(CaCO_3) to lime(CaO). The grain and pore sizes of the calcined sample after base-treatment were larger and more crystallic. The adsorption ability of the eggshell was two- to six-times in the calcination temperature more than in the grain size. Therefore, the eggshell was thought to be usable as the desulfurization sorbent.