This paper investigates Korean EFL students’ learning (de)motivation factors according to the level of students’ English learning motivation. A total of 41 undergraduate students reflected on their past ten years of English learning experiences and submitted autobiographic essays with ‘motigraph,’ marking their annual changes of English learning motivation from 0 to 10. The data were analyzed with Grounded Theory. The findings revealed that the factors that increased or decreased English learning motivation were different according to students’ level of motivation. Students with low-level motivation were influenced by their teacher or parents, while those with high-level motivation were influenced by their past L2 learning experiences perceived positively by themselves. In both groups, the factors of emotional experiences caused by negative L2 learning experiences were the main reasons for demotivation. This paper emphasizes the importance of subjective appraisal in maintaining students’ L2 learning motivation and recovering from the state of demotivation.

이 논문은 대학생 독서 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 목적으로 작성한 것이다. 교양 교과목에서 슬로리딩 즉 천천히 읽기 방법으로 한 학기에 한 권을 완독한다는 목표를 모두가 달성하도록 하였다. 그로써 대학생 학습자의 독서에 대한 관심을 불러일으키고, 완료 형태의 독서 경험을 바탕으로 다른 독서로 옮겨 가는 바람직한 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 책을 천천히 자세히 읽는 활동과 동시에 짝과의 토론을 통해 이해 하지 못한 어려운 부분을 해결함으로써 미진함이 남지 않도록 주의했다. 이 독서교육은 책을 읽고 감상문 을 쓰면 특정 점수를 얻거나 마일리지를 쌓는 방식으로 결과에 초점을 둔 방식이 아닌 읽는 과정에 중점을 두고 운영하는 과정중심 독서교육 프로그램이기에 내적 동기를 유발할 수 있다는 차별점 및 특수성이 있다. 이 경험을 활용하여 대학생 독자 스스로가 자신의 독서 습관을 점검하고 이후의 독서 계획을 세울 수 있다는 것이 이점이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of learner-directed debriefing based on the clinical judgement model (LDCJM) on nursing students’ critical thinking disposition, selfdirected learning, problem-solving ability, and debriefing experience after simulation. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with 38 sophomore nursing students from one university. They were divided into an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=18). Collected data were analyzed by the Chi-square, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test using the WIN SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The experimental group that had participated in the LDCJM indicated significantly higher self-directed learning (U=23.50, p<.001), problem-solving ability (U=94.50 p=.011), and debriefing experience (U=87.00, p=.006) when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that LDCJM is an effective learning strategy to improve self-directed learning, problem-solving ability, and debriefing experience. Further study is needed to identify the effects of various debriefing skills.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using movies in an English reading course at the college level. In order to achieve this purpose, the following questions were constructed; 1) How have reading activities through movies affected Korean college students’ reading achievement?, 2) How have those activities affected the students’ attitudes toward English study?, and 3) How have the students responded this movie-used reading class affectively? Thirty two college students participated, and a paired t-test was conducted to compare two observations, before- and after- scores on the students’ reading achievement and their attitudes toward English study. The results of data analysis showed that statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-reading achievement tests, and those reading activities through movies positively affected students’ interest and confidence in English reading. Also, this quantitative result has been verified by qualitative data such as students’ reflective journals and in-depth interviews with students, that added credibility to the statistical findings. Therefore, this study suggests that using movies in the classroom attract students’ attention, and provide language learners with live language. Pedagogical implications are also made on the effective teaching of English reading in Korean classroom settings.

This research investigated various aspects of language learning strategies used by undergraduate and graduate students studying Korean. The study focused on four language skills, pronunciation, and vocabulary. The survey was conducted on 322 participants, Korean learners both in Korea and in other countries. It examined the usage of learning strategies used by the learners including the following variables: gender, experiences of living in Korea, first languages, and the countries Korean was learned. The quantitative data from the survey were analyzed by univariate ANOVAs to find out which skill is significant among the variables and the findings are as follows: 1) The greatest frequency of learning strategies appeared in the order of listening, pronunciation, writing, speaking, vocabulary, and reading. Listening skill showed the most varied learning strategies. 2) The analysis of learning strategies according to the variables with respect to the language skills revealed that gender influenced listening, the experience of the target country influenced reading, and the first language influenced writing. Pedagogical implications and further research suggestions are discussed.

Les apprenants coréens de français langue étrangère ont, en Corée, rarement l'occasion d'utiliser le français en dehors de la salle de classe. Cependant, le développement des outils de Communications Médiatisées par Ordinateurs (CMO) leur fournissent un environnement d'apprentissage plus favorable pour surmonter les contraintes d’isolement et les aident à améliorer leurs capacités à communiquer en français. Notre travail de recherche porte sur l’utilisation de ressources en ligne. Ce parcours est divisé en trois segments selon les stades atteints dans l'apprentissage de la prononciation : la présentation, la pratique, la production (3P). En outre, des questionnaires et des entretiens ont été menés pour mesurer l'utilité perçue de ce site. Sur dix semaines, les principaux résultats de cette étude sont les suivants: la prononciation a d'abord été analysée à travers un pré-test et un post-test par des enregistrements. Les résultats du post-test ont montré une nette amélioration de leur prononciation, en particulier en lecture à haute voix plus qu’en expression libre. Cela souligne la difficulté de parvenir à un usage automatique d’une prononciation apprise consciemment. Ces ressources en ligne ont montré leur utilité dans l'apprentissage des caractéristiques prosodiques. A la lecture des enquêtes, les étudiants reconnaissaient un effet positif en prononciation, pour l'écoute et la prise de parole. Cette amélioration serait due à la possibilité de télé-charger, d’écouter et de répéter des fichiers authentiques, mais aussi aux taches communicatives proposées, qui intégraient des conversations en ligne.

This article reports on research into self-directed English leaning of Korean university students, focusing on their motivation and metacognition. In general, university students in Korea undertake independent learning to improve their English competence outside the classroom, rather than relying on English courses provided by their universities. Although much of their English learning is self-directed, little has been known about how they carry out their out-of-class English learning. To obtain a better understanding of their self-directed learning, this study, employing a qualitative approach, analyzed reflective journals written by 25 university students during one semester. From the analysis, students’ motivation and metacognition emerged as important themes involved in the students’ self-directed learning. The findings of this study suggest that student motivation continuously ebbs and flows as a result of its complex interrelationship with contextual factors. In addition, it was found that students’ metacognitive knowledge played a crucial role in directing their out-of-class learning as students adopted learning strategies based on their metacognitive knowledge, which was again formed and revised in the course of their learning process. Finally, this article presents suggestions for promoting students’ self-directed English learning.

This paper examines whether Korean students learning English are familiar with gender-neutral language. A total of 149 first-year university students were asked to choose the words they would use when speaking or writing English. The questions in the questionnaire consist of two types: Type I asked the students to arrange the given two words (e.g., gentlemen, ladies; boys, girls) in the parallel-pair form conjoined by and; Type II asked the students to choose one of the two words or phrases (e.g., policeman, police officer; anchorman, anchor). Of the eight parallel pairs in Type I, four were chosen where the word order of Korean and English is reversed (e.g., ladies and gentlemen) and the other four pairs have the same order (e.g., boys and girls) in both Korean and English. The students did better with the same order pairs than with the reversed order pairs with the exception of ladies and gentlemen. Of the nine pairs in Type II, a majority of both female and male students picked five gender-neutral words: anchor, firefighter, mail carrier, police officer and flight attendant. The four gender-specific words they preferred were chairman, salesman, freshman and actress.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of English oral presentation strategy training (OPST) in EFL contexts. For this study, eight university students of 4 high and 4 low proficiency level are selected. The participants were provided with an OPST over 5 weeks including 8 times of training. During the OPST, the participants learned 25 strategy, 17 verbal and 8 non-verbal strategies. The verbal strategies were again divided into two parts: general verbal strategies and genre specific strategies. For the validity of the present study a “triangulation” was achieved through the use of video recording, classroom observation, questionnaire, in-depth interview, and the native English speaker’s evaluation. The results of the study demonstrated that the participants showed some improvement in the use of presentation strategies, especially organizational and verbal components of the strategies rather than nonlinguistic components. The proficiency level of the participants had an effect on the frequency of use of strategies after the OPST. Overall, the OPST was found to have positive effects on the participants’ attitude toward English oral presentations. On the basis of the results of the study, some teaching implications for improving presentation skills in university EAP contexts are provided.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of using and authoring web-based vocabulary learning tasks on Korean EFL learners' vocabulary acquisition. The subjects of the study were seventy-seven EFL college students in Korea. They were divided into three groups: a traditional control group, and two experimental groups using and authoring the web-based vocabulary tasks, respectively. The major results of the study were as follows: first, the two experimental groups performed significantly better on the vocabulary recognition and use posttest than the control group did. This result indicates that both the use of the web-based tasks and the participation of students in authoring the web-based tasks are more effective in vocabulary acquisition than the use of traditional vocabulary learning methods. Second, both the experimental groups performed significantly better on the delayed posttest than the control group did. This result provides evidence that using and authoring web-based vocabulary tasks are effective in helping students retain newly acquired words in the long-term memory. Third, the learners' responses of the two experimental groups prove to be positive with respect to the use of the web-based task authoring tools in vocabulary learning. Based on these results, some pedagogical suggestions should be made on the effective use of the web-based task authoring tools in Korean English classroom settings.

For a new direction of college English programs, this study is designed to analyze Korean university EFL leamer needs. With this goal, this study discusses the results of questionnaires provided for 405 students in the College of Education, Seoul National University. The study also discusses a new direction of desirable English programs on the basis of the needs assessment.

Eye-tracking approach allows us to collect and analyze data for a wide range of measures of eye-movements, to relate these to language processing, and to have insight of language processing (Conklin, Pellicer-Sánchez, and Carrol, 2018). The current study aims to investigate how ESL university students process the sentences with complex noun phrases modified by relative clauses. Two types of sentences with complex noun phrases were examined: complex noun phrases modified by relative clauses located in a sentence subject (syntactic-based processing) and those located in a sentence object (semantic-based processing). In total, 32 EFL university students participated in this study. Fixation count, regression rate, first reading time, and total reading time of areas of interest were examined. The eye-tracking results showed that the participants showed significantly higher regression rates on noun 2 than noun 1 in both types of complex noun phrases. In terms of verb selection, however, the results showed contrasting aspects : noun 1(verb 1 selection) preference in syntactic-based processing whereas noun 2(verb 2 selection) preference in semantic-based processing,

Working memory is defined as the mechanisms or processes that allow humans to store information in the face of interference such as processing other information during sentence processing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between working memory capacity and PBL task performance with EFL university students. Forty university students participated in this study and they were divided into two groups according to working memory scores (higher and lower groups). Reading span test has been implemented for working memory task. PBL tasks consist of word, phrase, sentence, and explanation levels. The results show that WM capacity is significantly related to the PBL task performance. The correlation analysis of WM scores(storage and processing) and PBL task performance showed different tendency in WM higher and lower groups according to the task types.