급속한 도시화, 마이카 시대의 도래 등으로 증가하는 주차 수요에 대응하기 위하여 공동주택에서도 지하주차장이 도입되었으며, 초고층 공동주택의 보급 확대, 보행자 안전 확보 및 쾌적한 단지 환경 조 성을 위하여 단지내 차량 동선이 지하화 되는 등 지하주차장의 규모가 점차 증가하고 있다. 현재 공동 주택의 지하주차장은 지하 2층 이상으로 심도가 점차 깊어지고 있으며 이에 따라 일상적으로 지하 수 위 이하에 위치하게 되어 상시 수압에 노출될 수 있으므로 누수 방지를 위한 방수공법은 중요한 설계 요소가 되었다. 지하주차장에 적용되고 있는 방수 공법을 살펴보면 초기 지하 1층 정도의 저심도의 지 하주차장에서는 액체방수와 유도배수 등이 적용되어 왔고 이러한 내방수 공법들은 지하주차장 골조 내부에 시공하여 시공이 쉽고 보수 등의 유지관리가 쉬운 장점이 있지만 유입되는 물을 내부에서 배 수처리시킴으로 구조체 내부로 물의 유입을 허용한다는 측면에서 지하수위가 높아 수압이 많이 작용 하는 지반에 적합하지 않다. 반면 외방수 공법은 지하구조물 외부에 연속적인 막을 형성하는 공법으로 골조 외부에 시공하기 때문에 물의 침투를 원천적으로 방지할 수 있어 방수성능이나 내구성 등의 측 면에서 유리하지만 시공을 위한 작업공간의 확보가 필요해 도심지와 같이 협소한 현장에서는 적용이 어렵고 또한 되메우기 이후에 방수재가 파손되는 등 문제가 발견된 경우 보수가 불가능하다는 단점이 있다. 현재 외방수 공법은 주로 시트형태의 방수재료를 구체면에 부착하고 후속 공정에서 발생할 수 있는 시트의 파손을 방지하기 위한 보호층을 설치하는 방법으로 시공되는 것이 일반적인 형태이다. 외 방수 공법과 관련된 표준시방서(KCS) 및 한국산업규격(KS) 등을 보면, 각종 방수재의 시험항목은 유 사하나 제시하고 있는 품질기준 값이 서로 큰 차이를 보이고 있다는 점에서 지하주차장에서 요구되는 방수성능이 명확하게 제시되었다고는 보기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지하주차장의 방수 성능을 확보하기 위하여 누수 원인이 될 수 있는 시공적 요인, 환경적 요인 및 지하주차장의 구조적 거동 등을 종합적으로 분석하여 지하주차장에서 요구되는 방수재료의 성능기준 및 시공측면에서의 개 선 사항 등을 도출하고자 한다.

In this research, the dynamics equations for a demolition fire vehicle were formulated. This was done by developing an interface that allows co-simulation using ADAMS and MATHEMATICA. In this study, MATHEMATICA alone was used to calculate the constrained dynamics equations, to demonstrate the impact force and the constraint Jacobian of the end-effector as any desired location through the x, y and z axes. Then we mathematically derived a model for a unilaterally constrained multi-link. Assumptions about the fire demolition vehicle of the constraint coordinate and the impact issues of the model are discussed in the next sections. The estimation procedure for the dynamics equation showed good approximation results in terms of solving a reaching task problem.

This study is to check waterproof by number of twists of fire hose and measure the first waterproof time to analyze the relationship between twists of fire hose and first waterproof time and waterproof by position of twists so as to suggest the efficient plan to prevent twists of fire hose. Ordinary fire hose did not make waterproof in case that position of twists was near the nozzle with twists 5 times or more, while anti-twist fire hose had no problem for waterproof only with delayed time. Like ordinary fire hose, anti-twist fire hose also showed the tendency to increase the waterproof time in proportion to the number of twists. In case that the position of twists was near waterproof port even with 10 times of twists in anti-twist fire hose, the first waterproof time was increase by 0.63 seconds on average without any problem for waterproof, which was somewhat faster than that in ordinary fire hose. With respect to the position of twists, waterproof of anti-twist fire hose was affected more as the number of twists was increased more near the nozzle rather than near the waterproof port, like ordinary fire hose. In summary, anti-twist fire hose equipped with anti-twist tool at the middle connection port and the nozzle showed a good waterproof performance with delayed waterproof time regardless of number of twists, as a solution for the twist problem of ordinary fire hose.

In this study, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of twisting in the preparation of waterproofing in the process of unfolded donut-type staking method fire hoses in indoor hydrant system. The central pull-out method caused more twisting than the rolling method, and there was no significant difference in the number of twists according to the pull-out method in the case of male and female students. It was found that the time it took to untwist and prepare waterproofing was much shorter for male students. The angle valve and hose are connected, and the time to untwist and prepare for waterproofing after withdrawing the fire hose with the hose and nozzle connected was shorter than the unconnected state. In the rolling method, when a hose connected with two 15 m fire hoses was used and the angle valve-hose was connected, but the hose-nozzle was not connected, the least kinking occurred. The time to untwist and prepare for waterproofing was also the shortest. As a result, in the withdrawal method of the donut-type loaded fire hose in the indoor hydrant system, it is a rolling method rather than a central withdrawal method. With the angle valve and hose connected, unfold the fire hose with the hose and nozzle connected, if a large number of people unwind the twisted hose, the time to prepare for waterproofing can be shortened.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the properties of eco-friendly waterproofing materials for bridge decks. METHODS: Various waterproofing materials and construction methods that are widely used in Korea were evaluated. Then, the problems in field application were identified. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to improve constructability and stability. Thus, the properties of heating waterproofing membranes and waterproofing systems using recycling additives were evaluated. In addition, a field test was conducted to ensure the construct-ability and stability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Waterproofing materials were developed using waste tires and carbon black the results of the softening point test, tensile adhesion test, and shear adhesion test. A new sheet system, which consists of mesh and vinyl, was also determined from the sheet test. The properties of waterproofing materials were better than those developed under the "A Asphalt Concrete Pavement Construction Guidelines" according to the results of laboratory tests and the report of the authorized testing agency. Finally, the field test showed that the materials met quality standards. In future research, it will be necessary to conduct continuous field tests and follow-up inspections.

PURPOSES: Until now, the maintenance of road pavement has mostly involved passive maintenance methods with full maintenance only performed at the end of road life. Recently, there has been growing interest in solving the problem of reflection cracks that occur at joints during application of the overlay method of old concrete pavement. This study was aimed at solving the problem of reflective cracks around expansion joints and at evaluating the durability performance of pavement with interlayer reinforced-composites waterproofing system for concrete overlay. METHODS: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an interlayer on prevention of reflection cracks and to improve the tensile, compressive, shear, and vertical stresses due to plastic deformation and vehicle cyclic loading. An integrated overlaying layer (5cm or 8cm) was used to evaluate the applicability according to objective indicators. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : It was confirmed that cracks did not occur in the section of the line overlaid by the interlayer and that the reflection cracks generated by the action of the lower layer sufficiently absorbed the horizontal movement of the asphalt 5cm pavement overlay. It also suppressed, or at least delayed, the progress of the vertical cracks. The interlayer reinforced composite membrane waterproofing method used in the packing layer, showed through repeated fatigue test results that the accumulated fatigue crack resistance was greater than 120,000 times.

In recent years, there was many conflagration about special structure such as wooden cultural assets, warehouses and factories. The common causes of increase in the fire damage were difficulty of the initial suppression and absence of equipment for appropriate disaster prevention. A prediction of the air injection diameter of the destruction-spray nozzle, a core technology of destruction-spray fire vehicle which is possible for fire suppression of special structure were studied. As a result, changes in water flow according to the air injection diameter is not large, but air flow rate showed a difference more than up to four times. And then, through the result data of the flow analysis, the air injection diameter was obtained in the target mix ratio of the air according to the water injection pressure. Finally, by the formula derivation for the air injection diameter of target mix ratio of the air, the air injection diameter according to the water injection pressure change could be predicted within an error of 10%.

In this paper, the forward and inverse kinematics equations for demolition fire vehicle with 6-DOF were developed. This was done through the development of an interface that allows co-simulation using MATHEMATICA and ADAMS. The implementation of this project was done entirely in MATHEMATICA by calculating the kinematics equations to demonstrate the usefulness of this product. The forward and inverse kinematics of the demolition fire vehicle represents the position and orientation of the end-effector as any desired location. This research was particularly conducted using the simulator, and it showed good approximation results in terms of solving a reaching task problem.

In recent years, there was many conflagration about special structure such as wooden cultural assets, warehouses and factories. The common causes of increase in the fire damage were difficulty of the initial suppression and absence of equipment for appropriate disaster prevention. In this study, the destruction-spray nozzles, a core technology of destruction-spray fire vehicle which is possible for fire suppression of special structure was studied using the finite element method. As a result, the maximum deviation of the part nozzle was 18.1% compared with the reference value. Second, the maximum deviation of the nozzle module was 13.5% compared with the part nozzle. Third, the safety factor about internal pressure of the nozzle module was suitable as 13.6. Finally, the performance of the designed destruction-spray nozzle was satisfied with 4,652.1L/min in excess of the target performance.

In this paper, a commercial multibody dynamics program ADAMS was utilized to investigate the model for the multi-joint boom conflicts. In this process, CATIA, ANSYS and ADAMS were used to develop the simulation. The addition of ADAMS made the system more accurate and improved precision of the system. In brief, the 3D CAD model of the structure was initially developed via CATIA. After this, the CATIA models were exported to ANSYS for creating flexible-body modeling by using formatted file. Subsequently, with ADAMS, the flexible body model was directly imported from ANSYS which performed the analyses of the dynamic collision of the nozzle boom conflicts. This contained the information regarding geometry and model shapes of the flexible body. Using ADAMS/Durability, it was possible to determine the strain energy for the nozzle configuration by crashing the contact structure that was created. Via this procedure, the acquired simulation analysis of nozzle showed interestingly good results with respect to the objectives of the study

As fires have frequently occurred with large scale at cultural assets and warehouses, the development of Korean type demolition fire apparatus for efficient fire fighting becomes important. In this study, structural stability is investigated for assembly model of boom and outrigger by using computational structural analysis. Analysis results of boom and outrigger unit are also compared with assembly model. As this study result, equivalent stress result of boom unit is about 6% higher than assembly model and equivalent stress result of outrigger unit is about 15% higher than assembly model.

In this paper, our aim is to develop a simulation model for Multi-joint demolition water vehicle. 3D model of vehicle is developed with CATIA. The rigid simulation model is built in ADAMS and the flexible simulation models are developed using ADAMS and ANSYS. The combination of the both ADAMS and ANSYS can improve the precision of system simulation. The rigid model with rigid multi-slide booms and rigid refracting booms, the hybrid model with flexible multi-slide booms and rigid refracting booms, and a flexible model with flexible multi-slide booms and flexible refracting booms are considered. The simulation analysis shows a good performance, and valuable results we are interested in are obtained.

고속도로에서 재령이 20년이 넘는 노후 콘크리트가 늘어남에 따라 콘크리트 포장의 보수/보강이 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 노후 콘크리트 포장의 보강 대안으로서 아스팔트 덧씌우기가 많이 사용되고 있으나 반사균열 및 포트홀 등 체류수로 인한 문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 반사균열 및 체류수의 문제를 최소화하기 위해 고안된 접착식 방수층을 소개하였으며 포장가속시험을 통해 일반 택코팅을 적용한 합성단면포장과 비교평가를 실시하였다. 실험은 강우를 모사하기 위해 물을 뿌리면서 진행하였고 덧씌우기 포장체의 거동 및 수분 저항 특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과 접착식 방수층은 아스팔트 포장과 콘크리트 포장이 일체로 거동하는 것을 도와주기 때문에 아스팔트 포장체에 발생하는 거동이 일반 택코팅 구간과 완전히 다른 것으로 나타났다. 또 수분의 유입을 최소화하므로 결과적으로 반사균열의 발생을 약 70% 지연시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 체류수로 인한 손상도 줄여주는 것으로 나타났다.

전기방사한 나노섬유 웹은 가는 섬유직경과 수많은 미세공극 구조로 인해 우수한 투습성 및 차단 성능을 나타내며, 초박막 초경량의 특성을 갖는다. 이러한 특성 때문에 새로운 투습방수 소재로서 전기방사한 나노섬유 웹을 이용하고자 하는 시도가 이루어지고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 나노섬유 웹 처리소재의 역학적 특성을 측정하고 이를 기존 투습방수 소재와 비교함으로써 기능적 성능과 더불어 감성적 성능을 만족시키는 새로운 투습방수 소재 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 실험실 제작(lab-scale) 나노섬유 웹과 대량생산(commercial) 나노섬유 웹을 이용하여 웹 밀도와 기반 직물, 적층 구조, 라미네이팅 여부 등에 차이를 두어 다양한 전기방사 나노섬유 웹 처리소재를 제작하였다. 이들 시료에 대해 KES-FB system을 이용하여 역학적 특성을 평가하고, 이를 기존 투습방수 소재인 고밀도 직물, PTFE 라미네이팅 직물, PU 코팅 직물의 역학적 특성치와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 실험실에서 제작한 나노섬유 웹 처리소재는 부피감이 있으면서 유연하였고, 대량생산된 나노섬유 웹을 라미네이팅한 소재는 신장 변형이 적은, 치밀한 구조의 소재인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고밀도 직물과 실험실 제작 나노섬유 웹 처리소재는 낮은 인장선형성과 굽힘강성, 전단강성으로 유사한 거동을 나타내어, 기존 PU 코팅이나 PTFE 라미네이팅 직물에 비해 뻣뻣함이 덜하면서 유연하고 부드러운 태를 가지는 것으로 해석되었다. 따라서 전기방사 나노섬유 웹 처리소재가 일정 수준의 방수성을 확보한다면 기능적 성능과 감성적 성능을 모두 충족시키는 새로운 투습방수 소재로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.