Industrial facilities need design to predict and reduce noise from design to prevent and reduce noise. The purpose of this study is to predict worker's environment and evaluate safety by analyzing noise inside underground blower room and air compressor room with fluid machinery in waste facility. This waste incineration facility was analyzed based on the ground floor, ground floor blower chamber, and air compressor chamber. The results of SPL(Sound Pressure Level) analysis at 1.5m away, which are frequently used to measure the SPL as a noise source, are as follows. SPL of basement level: 46.80[dB], SPL of ground layer: 48.57[dB]. As a result, it was expected that the noise level would be considerably lower than the 8 hours 50[dB] noise exposure per day.

Sludge incineration facilities are socially recognized as a hate facility. Therefore, a careful deodorization plan must be established. Therefore, the incineration facility must conduct research on odor ventilation. In this study, a odor diffusion simulation in an incineration facility was conducted and analyzed. In particular, research was carried out on carry-in rooms, pre-treatment rooms, and storage facilities for crops, which are expected to rapidly spread odor. As a result, ammonia 1.62, hydrogen sulfide 0.63, and acetaldehyde 0.73 were found in the transfer room. In addition, pretreatment rooms and stencil storage facilities were found to be lower than regulatory standards.

The emission of odor, characterized by the combustion conditions and biomass types resulting from the use of a biomass incinerator, was analyzed. The following biomass types were considered: bark, board waste, sawdust, wood flour, wood fiver, wastewater sludge, and timber wastewater. As a study method, the physico-chemical characteristics of each biomass type were analyzed to predict the potential substances that might be emited under incomplete combustion conditions. And, the emission components of odor emission by biomass were analyzed at the laboratory level using a combustion device. In addition, the characteristics of the contaminant (odor) emission per mixture ratio of biomass were analyzed in a stoker incinerator that is in operation in an actual establishment at a scale of 300 ton/day. In the biomass emission experiment using the combustion device at the laboratory level, the major substances such as Acetic acid, Styrene, Toluene, Benzene, Dichloromethane, etc. were analyzed, and these components were determined to increase odor index. VOCs measurement in the outlet of the stoker incinerator indicated that Acetaldehyde, Ethanol, Acetonitrile, Ethyl acetate, Toluene, etc. were detected as the major substances. These were similar to the emission substances presented by the experiment that had investigated emissions by biomass type. A study on the Effect of Operational Conditions in biomass stocker incinerator on the concentration of odorous materials emitted from stack showed a close relationship between the input by biomass type and urea, temperature in the incinerator, and the tendency to emit/produce odor.

본 연구에서는 단순 폐기 되는 농업폐기물(토마토, 고추, 파프리카)을 고형연료로 재활용하기 위한 열 풍건조장치를 개발하고 실험을 통해 그 성능을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 건조용량 500 kg/hr인 쓰레기소각장 폐열을 열원으로 사용하는 건조기를 제작하였다. 경상남도 진주시 농산물 시장에서 구입 한 남해산 시금치를 실험원료로 사용하였다. 열교환기에서 스팀 열교환에 의해 가열된 건조공기를 열풍 으로 사용하여 절단 원료 투입량(126, 250, 300 kg), 원료교반여부(수동 교반, 수동 비교반), 건조방식 (건조물 정치, 건조물 이송), 건조시간(0.25, 0.5, 0.6 hr)에 따른 건조특성을 파악하였다. 투입 원료의 함수율은 85.65%로 측정되었으며, 소각장 공급 스팀에 의해 열교환기에서 가열된 건조공기온도는 건조 기에 투입된 실험원료의 퇴적고에 따른 압력저항에 의해 다소 차이를 보였으며 약 108 내지 144℃로 측정되었다. 동일 건조방식, 투입량, 건조시간, 건조공기온도에서 상하층간 원료를 교반하는 하는 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 약 2배 정도의 높은 건조속도를 보였다. 각 실험에서 건조용량은 약 500 kg/hr으로 나타났다. 국내 농산물 건조기 157개의 농업실용화재단 검사성적서를 기준으로 투입 에너지에 대한 건조 소요에너지 비를 나타내는 건조효율을 비교한 결과 국내 농산물 건조기 57.76%, 개발 된 농업폐기물 건조기 33.46%로 기존 농산물 건조기에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 개발된 농업폐기물 건조기는 건조시간이 1시간 이내로 건조시간이 짧으며, 건조 중 많은 풍량이 손실되어 건조효율이 저하된 것으로 판단되었다. 소각장 폐열을 직접 건조열원으로 사용하는 경우 건조공기온도는 최저 160℃ 이상으로 예상 되는 바 건조용량이 크게 향상될 것으로 예측된다.

Phosphorus (P) is a limited, essential, and irreplaceable nutrient for the biological activity of all the living organisms. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is one of the most important secondary P resources due to its high P content. The SSA has been intensively investigated to recover P by wet chemicals (acid or alkali). Even though H2SO4 was mainly used to extract P because of its low cost and accessibility, the formation of CaSO4 (gypsum) hinders its use. Heavy metals in the SSA also cause a significant problem in P recovery since fertilizer needs to meet government standards for human health. Therefore, P recovery process with selective heavy metal removal needs to be developed. In this paper some of the most advanced P recovery processes have been introduced and discussed their technical characteristics. The results showed that further research is needed to identify the chemical mechanisms of P transformation in the recovery process and to increase P recovery efficiency and the yields.

This study is analyzed combustion phenomena based on the environmental energy facility incinerator. It is assumed that combustible components of waste are composed of carbon and hydrogen, and the combustion process of fuel is by setting as multi-component / multistage reaction. As the combustion chamber is burned, the high temperature environment is achieved, also the heat transfer accompanied by the turbulent flow and the generation of NOx, a pollutant, are interpreted to predict the thermal and fluid characteristics and pollution emissions of the grate incinerator. As the result of internal flow analysis, the slow flow around the ash chute and the mixing effect due to the complicated turbulence around the combustion chamber were predicted to show excellent performance. It is shown to the internal average temperature was about 1024°C, around the about 1000°C homogeneous temperature distribution. Due to the sudden temperature decrease in the boiler, the flue gas temperature at the outlet was estimated to be about 220 ℃.

Phosphorus is an essential and irreplaceable element for all living organisms and its resource is limited. Significant amount of used phosphorus is collected in sewage treatment plant as sludge. Sludge ash after incineration contains about 10% of phosphorus in dry mass basis, which is comparable to phosphate rocks, and it is an important source of phosphorus recovery. Acid and alkali were used to leach phosphorus from sludge ash and compared for their leaching kinetics and performance. Phosphorus leaching by NaOH was fast and 0.2 N and 2 N NaOH leached 49% and 56% of the total phosphorus in the sludge ash at the L/S ratio of 100. Phosphorus leaching by sulphuric acid and hydrochloric were very fast and most of the phosphorus was leached in 5 minutes. In case of sulphuric acid 95% of the total phosphorus in the sludge ash was leached by 0.2 N at the L/S ratio of 100 and 93% was leached by 1 N at the L/S ratio of 10. 1 N hydrochloric acid leached 99% of the total phosphorus at the L/S ratio of 10. The results showed acids were more effective than alkali for phosphorus leaching from sludge ash and hydrochloric acid leached more phosphorus than sulphuric acid.

본 연구는 소각시설을 규모별, 유형별로 평가하기 위하여 이행지표를 설정한 후 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문대상 수는 2012년 기준 전국 184개 중 약 15%인 28개를 선정하였다. 규모별로 대규모 (≥100 t/d), 중규모(50~<100 t/d), 소규모(<50 t/d)로 나누고, 유형별로는 스토커, 열분해, 유동층으로 분류하였다. 이행지표는 기술성, 경제성, 환경성으로 대별한 후 각각 6개, 10개, 30개의 세부항목을 설정 하고 5등급으로 나누어 점수를 부과하였다. 평가결과 소각시설 규모별로는 기술성, 경제성, 환경성 평가 에서 모두 대규모 시설이 소규모 시설 보다 높은 점수를 받았으며, 종합점수에서도 동일한 경향을 나타 내어 소각시설의 규모가 증가할수록 더 높은 평가 점수를 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 소각시설 유형별로 는 기술성, 경제성, 환경성을 종합 평가한 결과에서 스토커식(65.3점)이 유동상(59.0점) 및 열분해(58.3 점) 보다 우수한 평가결과를 나타내었다. 특히 소각시설 평가시 기술성, 경제성, 환경성 중 경제성에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다.

Currently the forest area is 6,370,000 hectare (ha) which occupies 63.7% in Korea. The forest has good functions such as production of forest products, conservation of national land, prevention of disasters, etc. However constructing houses near the forest area make bad situation like illegal waste incineration by resident. So research subject is forest fire caused by waste incineration place including facility. And this study was conducted about statistical analysis and research analysis of the 100 waste incineration places including facilities at the country town. Statistical analysis shows that March is 27% which percentage is the highest number of forest fire in 10 years’ average. The number of forest fire caused by waste incineration is 45 which is the third highest number in the fire statistic. The distance between waste incineration place including facility and forest area is 30m, 40m and 50m. That 40m (36%) is the most common distance from forest area. The types of waste incineration are ground (62%), the temporary facility made with oil drum can (35%) and other made with steel sheet, concrete, etc. The result of this study is that government and local government must conduct the improvement measure to reduce illegal incineration such as waste pickup area made with rain and wind proof type installed near residence, expenses for waste treatment, enlightenment and training, etc. Also considering their age and income are needed for realistic improvement.

This paper presents the results of a human health effect for H2S emission standard of incinerators in Seoul, Korea. The four selected incinerators of Gangnam, Mapo, Nowon and Yangcheon were chosen as the domains of study. Air dispersion modelling (AERMOD) was used to predict the ground level concentration within 3 km distance of the emission source. The emissions at the incinerators studied ranged from 0.0721 (Yangcheon) to 0.3007 g/s (Gangnam). These values were about three orders of magnitude smaller than that of Canadian geothermal power plants. Based on the health risk assessment, different health risks were identified for short-term and long-term dispersion of the studied areas. The short-term hazard quotient (HQ) for H2S of Gangnam and Nowon incinerators were greater than the acceptable limit (i.e., 1.0) in some locations. However the long-term HQ for H2S of all incinerators were lower than the acceptable limit.

우리나라에서 악취 규제는 배출원의 부지경계선과 배출구에서 농도 규제치를 사용한다. 그러므로 수용체에서 정확한 체감악취의 유무를 쉽게 판단하기는 곤란하다. 비록 개개인의 악취에 대한 응답을 결정하는 변수는 다양하고 응답 종류도 광범위하게 나타나지만, 일반적으로 악취에 대한 규제는 다양한 변수를 고려하여 구성되며, 이들 변수에는 악취 발생빈도, 강도, 기간, 불쾌도, 지역 변수 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 매사추세츠(미국), 뉴질랜드, 덴마크, 네덜란드, 호주 서부, 타이완 등 6개 지역의 악취 규제를 사용하여 소각장 주변에서 악취 영향 거리를 비교하였다. 악취 영향 거리를 평가하기 위하여 이들 6개 지역 규제는 악취 농도와 허용 빈도를 고려하고 있다. 연구 결과에 의하면 악취에 의한 영향 거리는 0.5~1.4 km의 범위로 나타났다. 악취 농도를 고정하고 허용 빈도를 변경하는 경우 허용 빈도가 높을수록 영향 거리는 크게 나타났다. 허용 빈도를 고정하고 농도를 변화시키는 경우 농도가 높으면 영향거리가 줄어들었다. 결론적으로 악취 영향 범위는 악취 농도뿐 아니라 허용 빈도에 따라 변화하였다.

소각로 내 공기 주입은 연소가스의 체류시간, 미연분 제거 및 출구가스 온도 제어 등의 많은 영향을 끼친다. 이에 따라 2차 연소용 공기량을 변화시켜 충분한 체류시간을 확보하고 850℃ 이상의 출구가스 온도를 유지하며, 높은 turbulent를 관리함으로써 안정적인 소각로 운영이 되어야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 현재 운영 중인 소각장의 소각로를 설계하고, 평균 일일 소각량을 바탕으로 1차 공기량을 산정한 후 2차 공기량을 변화하여 CFD 프로그램(Fluent)을 통해 이론적인 공기유동을 규명하였다. 또한 산정된 공기량을 바탕으로 실제 운영 중인 소각장에 적용함으로써 최적의 연소조건을 도출하였다. CFD simulation 결과 1.2차 공기비는 75:25가 최적의 결과로 나타났으며, 2차 공기 분사노즐 전 후면 유속 비는 1:3에서 가장 우수한 결과로 나타났다. 또한, 실제 운영 중인 소각로에 적용한 결과 적절한 소각로 출구온도는 질소산화물 제거 효율 및 일산화탄소 발생농도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.