Numerous studies have established a correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and water usage, identifying population as a primary independent variable in mid- to long-term demand forecasting. Recent dramatic sociodemographic changes, including urban concentration-rural depopulation, low birth rates-aging population, and the rise in single-person households, are expected to impact water demand and supply patterns. This underscores the necessity for operational and managerial changes in existing water supply systems. While sociodemographic characteristics are regularly surveyed, the conducted surveys use aggregate units that do not align with the actual system. Consequently, many water demand forecasts have been conducted at the administrative district level without adequately considering the water supply system. This study presents an upward water demand forecasting model that accurately reflects real water facilities and consumers. The model comprises three key steps. Firstly, Statistics Korea’s SGIS (Statistical Geological Information System) data was reorganized at the DMA level. Secondly, DMAs were classified using the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) algorithm to consider differences in water facilities and consumer characteristics. Lastly, water demand forecasting employed the PCR (Principal Component Regression) method to address multicollinearity and overfitting issues. The performance evaluation of this model was conducted for DMAs classified as rural areas due to the insufficient number of DMAs. The estimation results indicate that the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9, and the MAPE remained within approximately 10% for the test dataset. This method is expected to be useful for reorganization plans, such as the expansion and contraction of existing facilities.

Climate adaptation strategies for water utilities including 16 water treatment plants(WTPs) in Jeju were investigated. Drought, heat wave, and heavy rain were among the most significant climate factors affecting water utilities in Jeju. Heat wave increases water temperature, which in turn increases the concentration of algae, color, and odor materials. Some adaption strategies for the heat wave can be strengthening water monitoring and introducing advanced water treatments. Heavy rain increases raw water turbidity in surface water. The 7 WTPs that take raw water from streams or springs had a maximum turbidity of less than 50 NTU under heavy rain. However, due to concerns of turbidity spike in treated water, some WTPs discontinued intaking raw water when raw water turbidity increased more than 2 NTU. They instead received treated water from other WTPs which took groundwater for water supply. This happens because of the low skills of employees. Thus, there needs to be an increase in operator competency and upgrade of water facilities for the adaption of heavy rain. To improve adaption for the drought, there should be an increase in the capacity of intake facilities of surface water as well as a decrease in water loss. In addition, water consumption per person should be decreased.

A real scale leakage test facility was developed to study the leak signal characteristics of water supply pipelines, and then leak tests were carried out. The facility was designed to overcome the limited experimental circumstances of domestic water supply pipeline experimental facilities. The length of the pipeline, which was installed as a straight line, is 280m. Six pipes were installed on a 70m interval with different pipe material and diameters that are DCIP(D200, D150, D100, D80), PE(D75) and PVC(D75).The intensity of the leakage is adjusted by changing the size of the leak hole and the opening rate of ball valve. Various pressure conditions were simulated using a pressure reducing valve.To minimize external noise sources which, deteriorate the quality of measured leak signal, the facility was built at a quiet area, where traffic and water consumption by customers is relatively rare. In addition, the usage of electric equipment was minimized to block out noise and the facility was operated using manual mode. From the experimental results of measured leakage signal at the facility, it was found that the signal intensity weakened and the signal of high frequency band attenuated as the distance from the water leakage point increased.

It is considered necessary to renewal a considerable number of water supply facilities in Korea because they began to be intensively buried in the period of rapid economic growth. Accordingly, local water providers are required to take measures against this situation, but they have currently been caught in a vicious circle of the lack of budget spent in renewing water supply facilities because county-based small-scale local water supply cannot afford to cover annual expenditures with their revenues from water rates. Therefore, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model capable of achieving a balance of financial revenue and expenditure in local water supply using nonlinear programming and furthermore of minimizing the total cost incurred during the analysis. To this end, this study selected the water supply area located in County Y as a research area to build the financial revenue and expenditure and used Solver function provided by Microsoft Excel to use nonlinear programming. As a result, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model minimizing incurred costs in consideration of 6 items in the financial revenue and expenditure. The optimal renewal plan was modeled according to the available annual budget. As a result, this study proposed SICD, a scenario to minimize total costs from the perspective of water suppliers, and SITS, a scenario to minimize the increase in water rates from the perspective of consumers. It can be said that the method proposed in this study is the core of the optimal financial and renewal plans as a final stage of asset management for water supply facilities. Therefore, it is considered possible for local water providers to use the method proposed in this study according to circumstances for the asset management of water supply facilities.

In this study, seismic fragility analysis are carried out for the water supply facilities. To consider the uncertainty of ground characteristics, the variability of soil in several cases is considered based on RSM and the winkler Foundation method is adopted to model the ground. Limit state of water supply facilities defined as two steps.: the collapse prevention level and the serviceability level. As an input ground motion for evaluating seismic fragilities, foreign surveyed real earthquakes and artificial earthquakes which can be generated in the Korean peninsula are used. The destruction ability according to peak ground acceleration of an earthquake for the water supply facility is evaluated in this paper. From the analysis results, the probability of failure of the ductile iron pipe and wrapped steel pipe under real earthquakes have shown as upper than the Korean artificial earthquakes. It could evaluate the damage of water supply facilities to an earthquake and could be applied as basic data for seismic design of water supply facilities.

Recently, the need for asset management(AM) plan introduction to reduce increasing O&M cost with aging water facilities is on the rise. Therefore, asset inventory classification is necessary as the first step for AM plan construction. In this study, all assets of YW water treatment plant(WTP) were classified as 5 steps. In addition, specific code name was given to each asset which can increase compatibility in constructing the AM programs among WTPs. In the future, codes for attribute and status of asset will be allocated, which can facilitate proper AM operation.

To improve stability of the water resources that were seriously affected by climate change and various environmental effects and to supply the clean water always, continuous efforts are essential. Provision of measures with respect of hardware is basically essential to improve the water resources stability due to the topographic characteristic in Korea. However, building a new dam becomes gradually very difficult because of a hardship in selecting right places, opposition forces such as environment and local residents, negative publicity for large civil engineering projects, and so on. The present study, therefore, proposes the Blue dam as an alternative for securing the water resources of a new concept considering domestic conditions. To evaluate the effect of the Blue dam, the Hec-ResSim model is used and the probabilistic discharge flow rate is applied. As a result, when Dam Yeongcheon is applied as a study area, securing water resources of 14 million tons are predicted be secured and the flood control of 15.4 million tons is expected, in comparison with operation of the existing dam only. Consequently, Blue dams are supposed to carry out the function of securing water resources, controling flood, maintaining eco-environmental instream flow, generating hydroelectric power, and providing spaces for recreational activities.

3D-based BIM(Building Information Modeling) technologies can be utilized effectively as a means of systematic management of facility information for safety assurance and effective maintenance of waterworks facilities. In this study, BIM models of water treatment facilities that can be used as basic data for BIM-based maintenance of waterworks facilities were developed. Information exchange and generality of the developed BIM models were evaluated by conducting interoperability analysis of IFC(Industry Foundation Classes) conversion models. In addition, the application of COBie(Construction Operations Building information exchange) was recommended as an effective countermeasure to deal with technical limitation regarding exchange and utilization of facilities-related information through current IFC models. The results of this study can contribute to the development of BIM-based maintenance system for waterworks facilities.

수도권매립지 자원화시설에서 발생되는 탈수케익은 매립처리하고 있으나 2018년도부터 자원순환기본법에 의한 폐기물처분부담금제 도입으로 매립최소화 및 재활용 극대화 방안 모색이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 매립되고 있는 자원화시설 탈수케익을 대상으로 물질 특성을 분석하고 안정화 및 생물학적 건조 실험을 수행하고 분석하였다. 침출수 처리장에서 일평균 100톤의 탈수케익과 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설에서 일평균 25톤 정도 탈수케익이 발생된다. 침출수 처리장 탈수케익 함수율은 82%, 음폐수 바이오가스화시설 탈수케익 함수율은 75% 정도이다. 강열감량은 침출수 처리장 탈수케익 11%, 음폐수 바이오가스화시설 탈수케익 20% 정도로 독일 비유해폐기물 매립기준인 강열감량 5% 보다 높다. 침출수처리장 탈수케익 C/N비는 5.4로 낮고 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설 C/N비는 14.8로 약간 높다. 침출수 처리장 탈수케익과 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설 탈수케익에 미생물활성유도제, 코코피트, 음식물 잔재물을 혼합 반응 후 공기 송풍없이 대기 중 자연건조로 주 1회 뒤집기를 실시하였다. 침출수 처리장 탈수케익은 5주간 함수율 변화가 거의 없고 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설 탈수케익 함수율은 약 45%에서 5주 후 약 12%로 낮아졌다. 두 종류 탈수케익의 함수율 저감을 위해서는 코코피트와 미생물활성유도제를 혼합해주는 것이 효과적이었다. 단열반응기(아이스박스)에서 공기 송풍 하에 두 종류 탈수케익의 생물학적 건조 실험을 수행하였다. 침출수 처리장 탈수케익 혼합물 더미 온도 상승은 미미하고 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설 탈수케익 혼합물 온도는 52-71℃까지 높아졌다. 침출수 처리장 탈수케익 함수율 변화는 거의 없으며 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설 탈수케익 함수율은 54%에서 43%로 약 11% 낮아졌다. 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설 탈수케익을 미생물활성유도제 20%와 혼합한 경우 혼합슬러지 감량율은 6일 후 16%이다. 침출수 처리장 탈수케익은 화학적 침전을 위한 응집제 주입으로 인해 유기물 함량이 낮아 생물학적 건조 반응에 적합하지 않고 음폐수 바이오가스화 시설 탈수케익은 유기물 함량이 높아 생물학적 건조로 수분함량을 낮추어 부숙토 등으로 활용가능성이 있음을 알 수 있다.

Performance-based maintenance system is necessary to prepare for social disasters as domestic water supply facilities age. The maintenance methods of domestic Social Overhead Capital(SOC) facilities focuse on safety. However, considering the performance of facilities is essential in perspective of the deterioration due to aging this study introduces the future direction of the performance-based maintenance system on assessment of water supply facilities

Performance-based maintenance system is necessary to prepare for social disasters as domestic water supply facilities age. The maintenance methods of domestic Social Overhead Capital(SOC) facilities focuse on safety. However, considering the performance of facilities is essential in perspective of the deterioration due to aging this study introduces the future direction of the performance-based maintenance system on assessment of water supply facilities.