This study analyzes students’ use of ChatGPT prompts to explore its potential as a supplementary feedback tool in English writing classes. Thirty-one pre-service teachers participated and were divided into high, middle, and low groups based on their self-evaluation, standardized test scores, and essay scores prior to receiving ChatGPT feedback. The data sources included their two essays, ChatGPT prompts, questionnaires, and transcripts from the second writing conference. The ChatGPT prompts and questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the writing conference transcripts were examined to understand the participants’ use of prompts. The results showed participants used prompts 40 times in the first assignment and 175 times in the second assignment. The average prompt usage increased from 1.5 times in the first assignment to 6.7 times in the second assignment. In terms of students’ levels, the high group used more prompts (5.58 times) than the middle (5 times) and the low groups (1.75 times). Notably, students who used ChatGPT commands five times or more were mostly from the high and middle groups. Differences in prompt usage patterns were also identified, with the high and middle groups engaging in more continuous and interactive conversations with ChatGPT. Students expressed satisfaction with ChatGPT’s feedback, particularly in vocabulary selection, grammar correction, and sentence generation.

This study investigates the effect of the DDL (Data-Driven Learning) approach on the English sentence writing ability of 6th graders in elementary school. To this end, a total of seven English textbooks were used to build a corpus. Five teachers were then asked to conduct five lessons using a weak version of DDL in their 6-grade EFL classrooms. Students were asked to complete a pre- and post-test and a pre- and post-survey, and a selected number of students and four of the five teachers had in-depth interviews with the researcher. The results are as follows: First, DDL using the textbook corpus was found to be adequate for helping elementary students improve their sentence-writing ability. Second, DDL had a significant effect on upper, middle, and lower level groups of students. Third, the students felt that DDL was neither unfamiliar nor difficult. Fourth, teachers with little teaching experience found it easy to conduct their classes using the DDL approach. This study implies that DDL is an effective approach to teaching communicative functions and language forms in the elementary English classroom and can be useful for all levels of elementary students.

The study investigates the effects of corpus-based formulaic sequences learning on developing learners’ writing skills and attitudes. For this purpose, fifty-four high school students participated in the study and were divided into two groups. The experimental group learned formulaic sequences with the corpus-based method, while the control group learned the target items through the definition-centered method. The results of the study showed that no significant difference in writing ability was found between corpus-based formulaic sequences learning and traditional formulaic sequences learning. The corpus-based formulaic sequences learning showed a greater effect on improving grammatical accuracy of writing. The traditional formulaic sequences learning was effective in the acquisition of productive knowledge of formulaic sequences. The results of the survey questionnaire showed that the students showed a positive attitude toward corpus-based formulaic sequences learning, which may mean corpus-based learning can play an important role in increasing students’ motivation. These results may suggest that various corpus-based activities for EFL class need to be developed.

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, creativity plays a pivotal role in the competitiveness of a country. The importance of creativity education therefore cannot be overemphasized. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of discussion-based English reading and writing activities on Korean high school students' creativity, English writing, and self-assessed creative thinking. The participants were 45 high school students in Seoul, Korea. They were divided into two groups: the discussion-based English reading and writing group (n=24) and the traditional English instruction group (n=21). The experiment was administered during two semesters of the 2017 academic year. The major findings are as follows: First, the experimental group showed significant improvement on the creativity test, especially in the areas of fluency, flexibility, and original thinking. Second, the experimental group outperformed the control group on the writing test. Third, the experimental group showed positive changes in their self-assessed flexible thinking, convergent thinking, and intrinsic motivation. All of these indicate the beneficial effects of the discussion-based English reading and writing activities. Based on the results, some pedagogical suggestions were made for the effective integration of creativity education into the teaching of English as a foreign language.

이 연구는 국가 수준 영어 교육과정에서 지도하도록 의도하고 있는 어휘, 문법, 의사소통기능, 내용 요소 등을 아우르고 있는 중학교 영어 교과서의 본문에 대해 질문 중심 하브루타 형식의 토론을 통해 학생들의 이해 수준을 심화하고, 본문의 내용을 확장한 주제로 과정 중심의 영어 작문을 지도했을 때, 영어 쓰기에 대한 학생들의 인식과 자아효능감에 구체적으로 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 했다. 이를 위해, 질문 중심의 하브루타와 과정 중심 쓰기 지도 방법에 이론적 토대를 두고 3단계로 설계된 GROWTH라는 수업 모형을 고안했고, 2017년 3월부터 11월까지, 서울 서부에 소재한 중학교 3학년 두 학급의 학생 54명을 대상으로 수업시간 중 해당 수업모형을 적용했다. 수업모형 적용 전후, 설문을 실시한 결과, 해당 수업 모형은 짝‧모둠 중심의 토의·토론에 대한 학생들의 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 주었고, 영어 쓰기에 대한 학생들의 자아효능감을 향상시켰으며, 학생들로 하여금 영어 쓰기를 시도하고 연습하는 것의 중요성을 일깨웠음이 드러났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 중학교 수업 현장에서 과정 중심 수행평가의 일환으로 보다 적극적으로 영어 쓰기를 지도할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate error patterns in EFL college students’ English writing as well as their change over time, based on the teacher’s feedback. In order to accomplish this purpose, two research questions were constructed; first, what are the characteristics of Korean EFL students’ writing based on the maturity of English sentence by the T-unit analysis? Second, what types of error patterns are produced in Korean EFL students’ writing? Also, how do the error patterns change based on the teacher’s feedback over time? The participants were four Korean EFL college students, and they were asked to pre-write, draft, revise and edit until they completed their final draft. The results of pre- and post-writing test were also analyzed. The major findings are as follows: 1) The mean number of T-unit among participants was 42.25 units, and the mean number of words per T-unit was 10.95 words. 2) The most frequently committed errors were found out as lexical and morphological errors. Moreover, the rate of lexical and sentence structure errors has been dropped, whereas the rate of punctuation errors has increased as the teacher’s feedback progressed over time. Pedagogical and practical suggestions are also made on the effective teaching of English writing in Korean classroom settings.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of writing workshop in a primary EFL context using children’s literature featuring social problems as the language input for learners. To accomplish the objective, two research questions were set up: 1) What aspects are shown in the development of primary EFL learners’ literacy skills through writing workshop using children’s literature? 2) What are some impacts in promoting social sensitivity through writing workshop using children’s literature featuring social problems? The data collected from diverse sources including worksheets, surveys, teacher’s logs, interviews, and self-reflection responses yielded two major findings. The first finding showed that participants learned how to utilize literary texts in their writing. In other words, the text used in the study played a motive for the participants in initiating and developing their writing. The second finding revealed the potential of cultivating social sensitivities of language learners through reading based writing workshop. For example, the participants identified the problematic situation by sympathizing with the characters from the texts, and tried to offer solutions. Also, democratic civic qualities of students were ascertained through the process of writing workshop. Based on the results, educational implications were provided.

This paper examines the effects of a story-writing class and a digital story-game class for primary school students at an after-school English program. To compare the effectiveness of a story-game p(23 students) and a story-writing class (22 students), this study used preand post- English achievement tests. This study also administrated a survey on students’ attitude towards their learning, and interviewed students as well as teachers. The results showed the two classes improved the students’ English ability in terms of reading, listening, writing and vocabulary over the 16 weeks. However, there were big differences between listening skills and writing skills between the two classes. The students in the story-game class showed a big improvement in listening skills. The students in the story-writing class were highly motivated by writing English stories in a group. Based on the results of the two classes, this paper discusses the factors that lead to an effective class with English story-based language learning. By exploring these elements, this paper suggests the educational implications for those who want to develop and implement a digital story-based language learning program for primary school students.

This study aims to develop an English writing model using pattern-based reading materials and to apply it to the elementary classroom. The meaning of “patterns” was searched for in the language learning and teaching methods, and their roles were examined in terms of language acquisition and learning. The writing class was connected to the reading class so that learners could properly model and transfer their forms and meanings of the patterns recognized in the reading class to what they want to write in the writing class. The experiment was conducted on one class of grade 6 elementary school students in which the reading and writing class was integrated into the regular English class during one semester. Six pattern-based reading materials were selected with a range of genres including stories and poems. The effect of the pattern-based reading materials on the writing class was examined through writing test and a questionnaire about the affective domain before and after the experiment. The result showed that writing scores were increased significantly in all the leveled-group learners. As for the affective domain, interest, participation, confidence, and adventure each had a significantly increased score. The sense of adventure increased the most. This is considered attributable to the feedback which ignored grammatically trivial errors and focused on how to properly express the contents learners wanted to write.

This study investigates the effects of writing to learn on sixth graders’ English development compared with speaking to learn and examines their perceptions. The study established the following research questions: (a) what are the effects of writing to learn on English speaking and writing abilities compared with speaking to learn? and (b) what are the students’ perceptions of writing to learn compared with speaking to learn? Students in the experiment group had experienced learning English through writing to learn, whereas those in the comparison group had learned English through speaking to learn. As for the results, writing to learn had significant effects on developing speaking and writing abilities in terms of complexity, accuracy and fluency. Also the students had more positive perceptions on writing to learn in cognitive and behavioral perspectives. Writing to learn has been confirmed as effective in learning English, leading students to use English to express their own ideas with more extensive vocabulary and complicated syntactic structures.

The present study explores the effects of peer intimacy on Korean primary English learners' collaborative group work in terms of writing achievement and peer interaction. Fifty six elementary school students engaged in small group work on English writing tasks. They were grouped in three different types: high intimacy level group, low intimacy level group, and random group. The study results indicated no significant group differences in the students' abilities and attitudes of English writing. However, the three groups differed in the quantity and quality of peer interaction. The high intimacy group produced the largest number of utterance and the most collaborative interactions. The low intimacy group, on the other hand, produced more utterances but less collaborative interactions than did the random group. Overall, the study results suggested that peer intimacy may have no immediate effect on students' learning through small group work but it possibly has delayed effects in prolonged group work by mediating the quantity and quality of peer interactions. Limitations of the study and pedagogical suggestions are provided.

This study explored the effectiveness and second language (L2) writers' perceptions of process-oriented writing, using portfolio-basedinstruction in a secondary English class at general school settings. The participants were 110 high school students enrolled in a private independent school in Gyeonggi. They learned to produce a four-paragraph-English-essay based on the process-oriented writing methodology, keeping a portfolio note for the entire semester. The instructor was a bilingual teacher of English whose native language is Korean. The 17 weeks' records written in the portfolio note were analyzed to portray whether the approaches enhanced overall performance and understandings about essay-writing. Findings revealed that the participants were satisfied with this approach and improved their writing skills using portfolio-based- instruction. For the sake of implementing the new assessment appropriately at public school settings, further studies are suggested to develop how to enhance classroom environment in order to increase the degree of learner-satisfaction in the essay-writing classes.

The purpose of this study was to analyze writing activities of 1st grade middle school English textbooks based on the achievement standards of the 2009 revised National Curriculum and provide suggestions for improvements of textbooks. In this study, seven textbooks out of twelve were selected and their writing activities were analyzed as to whether they stick to the guidelines of the 2009 revised National Curriculum. For this purpose, specific focuses of the current study were 1) to look into writing activities based on achievement standards stipulated in the 2009 revised National Curriculum, and 2) to investigate the ratio of integrated writing activities to separate writing activities ones. The results of the analysis revealed that most of the writing activities seemed suitable based on learners’ real-life situations for achievements standards; however, the types of writing activities were rather simple, mainly focusing on given words. Next, there were not only separate writing activities but also a variety of integrated activities such as listening-writing, speaking-writing, and reading-writing activities. At the end of the paper, a few suggestions were provided to improve the qualities of writing activities in the textbooks.

본 연구에서는 실제 원어민 언어 자료인 코퍼스에서 추출한 예시문을 가리키는 ‘콘코던스’와 ‘온라인 사전’의 활용이 쓰기 오류의 수정에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 중점적으로 살펴보며 코퍼스 분석 프로그램을 활용한 쓰기 오류 피드백 관리 방법을 제안하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 대표성 있는 표집을 통한 실증적인 통계 자료를 제시하기 보다는 소수의 실험 대상을 통하여 영어 쓰기 오류 지도 및 관리, 그리고 새로운 방식의 오류 피드백 방법에 대한 시사점을 이끌어 내는 데 초점을 두었다. 본 연구에 참여한 실험 대상은 서울 소재 A대학교의 1학년 학생 3명이다. 실험 대상 모두 비영어전공의 학생들로 교양영어 과목을 수강하고 있는 학생들이다. 3명 가운데 2명은 쓰기 능력에서 상위권으로 분류될 수 있는 학생들이며 나머지 1명의 학생은 중위권으로 볼 수 있는 학생이다. 3명 모두 장기간의 영어권 국가의 체류 경험은 없었다.본 연구에서는 실험 대상자로 하여금 동일한 주제에 대하여 A4 한 장 길이의 에세이를 작성하게 하였다. 이후 1주일 간격으로 두 차례 글을 수정하여 제출하게 하였다. 첫 번째 수정은 초안 작성과 마찬가지로 어떠한 참고자료나 피드백 없이 글을 수정하도록 요청하였고 두 번째 수정은 아래 그림과 같이 코퍼스 예시 샘플인 콘코던스와 온라인 사전의 참고가 가능한 Concord Writer v.3.3라는 프로그램을 활용하여 수정하게 하였다. 그 결과 기존 연구들과 마찬가지로 상위권 학생들에게서 콘코던스와 온라인 사전의 참고를 활용하여 에세이를 수정해 보는 것이 오류의 수를 줄이는데 보다 효과적이라는 점을 확인 할 수 있었다 본 연구에서는 코퍼스 프로그램을 통한 오류의 관리나 피드백이 보다 체계적인 교수학습의 방법을 소개함으로써 교육적인 시사점과 추후 연구에 대한 방향성을 제시하였다.