The history to have used lime in building construction was much long without distinctionoftheEastortheWest.Theancientnationsofkoreanpeninsulahadused limeasconstructionmaterial.Thewitnesswasdiscoveredinthekings'tombsoffifth century. In the Joseon dynasty(15〜19c), what applied several developed lime compoundsto thekings'tombshavebeen recorded in 'Sanleong-Uigwe(山陵儀軌)'& 'Yeonggeon-Uigwe(營建儀軌)' ofthose days documents.Therefore,this paper is to examinethewholeproceduresfrom theproductandprovisionoflimetoitsapplication throughthosedaysdocuments. Following conclusionshavebeen reached through thestudy.Threelimecompounds tobedevelopedforthekings'tombswasextendedlyappliedtoresidentialgovernment buildingsstepby stepwithinthecurrentoftime.Thesecompoundstobeusedinthe kings'tombsoftheJoseondynastyhadbeencorrelatedtothoseoftheancientnations, whichwerenationsofkoreanpeninsulainnarrow range,chineseandorientnationsin broad range. These compounds have possibilities of development as the environmental-friendly building material. And these compounds should provide a standard specification for conservation & restoration of the traditionaland cultural properties.Icould confirm thatthe whole procedures had notbeen developed within limited space-time ofthe specified nation & period,butwithin interactions of the nations & periods.In the periods which disturb its interaction,the expansion of productivityinbuildingconstructionwasinterfered.

본 연구는 탱크로리용 디스크식 유회수기 개발을 위한 기초 연구로 기존 유회수기 디스크와 기름의 흡착이 가능하다고 판단되는 몇가지 재료의 디스크에 대한 유회수 차이를 실험을 통해 비교한 것이다. 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 모든 디스크에서 경유보다는 벙커 A유의 회수량이 높았으며, 경유에서는 디스크 소재별 유회수량이 모든 디스크에서 거의 차이가 없는 반면, 벙커 A유에서는 디스크 소재에 따라 회수 성능이 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한, 디스크 구동 시간대별 회수량은 경유의 경우, 모든 디스크 소재에서 초기 시간대부터 단위 구동 시간당 기름의 회수량 차이가 거의 없는 것으로 나타난 반면, 벙커 A유는 모든 소재에서 구동 초기시간에서 회수량이 직선적으로 증가하고 시간이 경과할수록 증가량이 완만한 경향을 보여 단위 구동 시간당 기름의 회수량이 시간에 따라 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타나 유류의 점도가 디스크 회수성능에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 벙커 A유를 대상으로 전체 회수량에서 순수 유회수량과 함수량을 비교했을 때 창문용 알미늄 소재의 디스크는 다른 재질의 디스크에 비해 기름의 회수량은 차이가 없으면서 상대적으로 물의 회수량은 매우 적게 나타나는 것으로 조사되어 함수량을 고려한 유회수 효율을 고려했을 때 가장 이상적인 결과를 보여주고 있어, 본 연구에서 목적하는 탱크로리 유회수기 디스크 소재로서 가장 유리하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

To determine an operational condition of an adhesion-type oil skimmer, it is important to estimate the withdrawal rate for a given driving velocity of the skimmer and material properties of the oil. As a theoretical model for this problem the formation of an oil film on a vertically driven flat plate is investigated. The previous steady-state analysis made in the field of coating industry are reviewed. These studies have been made under the assumptions of small Reynolds and capillary number, which is adequate for coating process but not for oil skimming. An alternative analysis based on the linear stability theory is made. Comparisons with the experimental results reveal that the stability analysis gives a correct estimation of the withdrawal rate for high capillary number at which the previous theory losses its validity.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the idea of apokatastasis panton (universal Salvation) of the radical pietists, J. W. and J. E. Petersens. The idea of apokatastasis panton had existed before the traditional view of twofold eternal destiny(blessedness and damnation) was established. The idea of apokatastasis panton was systematized by Greek Father Origenes who was condemned as heretical at the Fifth Ecumenical Council in Constaninople in 553. The Reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin also condemned the idea of apokatastasis panton as heretical. Despite its problematic nature, the idea has intermittently attracted speculative minds. During the Reformation, certain spiritualist and Anabaptist group advocated the idea of apokatastasis panton. Therefore the Confessio Augustana and the Reformed Confessio Helvetica Posterior also condemned the idea. In more recent times it was especially Radical Pietism that strongly propagated the idea that was abandoned. J. W. and J. E. Petersens as Radical Pietists were the unique and fascinating figures who reignited the pilot light of the idea of apokatastasis panton in the Protestant world. They were in the initial stages influenced by the Pietist Father Ph. J. Spener’s eschatological view represented through “Hoffnung besserer Zeiten für die Kirche auf Erde.” They went further and without hesitation accepted and enthusiastically widespread the idea of apokatastasis panton. They argued that the idea of twofold eternal destiny after the last judgment contradicts the loving God who created the world as something very good and has through Christ redeemed the whole creation without any exception. They believed that evil cannot prevail against God’s original blessing and that “where sin increased, God’s grace increased much more”(Rom 5:20). They tried to ground their arguments upon the Bible. They agreed that the last judgment will take place and the unrighteous who don’t accept the gospel to the end and reject it, are destined to eternal punishment. However, they understand “eternal” in the sense of limited span compared to that of God. J. W. and J. E. Petersens did not agree that the teaching of apokatastasis panton would destroy not only the seriousness of sin, but also the urgency of repentance. Rather, they thought that the teaching of apokatastasis panton makes all humans realize the universal love of God and move them to live a grateful better life.