해양운송분야에서 인적 오류의 비중 및 피해가 막대하지만, 선박운항자 관점에서의 안전성 평가를 위한 구체적인 수단이나 기술의 개발은 미흡하며, 해양사고의 예방을 위한 인간공학적 시험평가 기법 및 항해장비와의 인터페이스 설계를 위한 관련 연구가 미흡하다. 즉, 해상교통 안전성 평가를 위한 선박운항 시뮬레이터의 활용도와 신뢰성을 높이기 위한 정량적 지표의 개발이 시급히 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 해상교통 안전성 평가를 위한 인간공학적 실험평가 기

It has been very important to have an exact evaluation for risk factors in order to prevent WMSDs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders). However, most WMSDs evaluation methods have always been some problems of possibilities associated with subjective evaluation. Therefore, this study tried to conduct a sort of usability analysis on three major evaluation methods(OWAS, RULA, REBA). Specifically, major subjects in the study consisted of three parts as follows; comparison of the results between experienced and inexperienced observers, analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different evaluation times, and analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different job characteristics(based on the part of the automobile). The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1) There was statistically significant difference of the results by RULA and by REBA between experienced and inexperienced observers. This might be due to the fact that experienced observers have had better ability to detect the important working posture during evaluation. However, the results by OWAS did not give any significantly different results between experienced and inexperienced observers, 2) All three checklists applied by experienced subjects did not show any single result significantly different in terms of different evaluation times. This might have to do with high intra-observer reliability from some of previous studies, 3) The five parts of an automobile were selected as five major jobs with different job characteristics in the automobile industry. Specifically, they were door part, front part(hood, etc.), inside part(dash board, seats, etc.), rear part(trunk etc.), and bottom part. All three methods did not show any significant differences for the results from each observers. Further study on this subject would eventually provide a sophisticated evaluating guidelines for WMSDs regarding determination of observer-specific evaluation, identification of repetitive number of evaluations for stable results for each checklist, determination of job-specific evaluation methods, and so on.

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means "improving ourselves by learning from others', therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. The goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclists participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. One was dominant cyclist (years: 21 yrs, height: 177 cm, mass: 70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist (years: 21, height: 176, mass: 70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al (1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that was devised by Martens et. al (1990) and athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV of ankle joint angle was higher than non-dominant's CV and dominant's pedaling pattern was consistent in biomechanics domain, which the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.

The unsafe act and unsafe condition is due to human error that experience 80% of safety one of the most important issues to reduce industrial accidents as a whole, is how to reduce the accident rate by the human error Therefore, this paper describes the d

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means " improving ourselves by learning from others ", therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. the goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclist participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. one was dominant cyclist (years:21 yrs, height:177 cm, mass:70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist(years:21, height:176, mass:70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al ( 1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that were devised by Martens et. al (1990) and with athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV(coefficient of variability) was higher than non-dominant's CV in Sports Biomechanics domain, that the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.

This study created a computerized information system of the collected job analysis data and analyzed the computerized job analysis data to derive critical job factors. Based on the ratings on each critical job factor, possible employment opportunities for the various types of disability could be derived according to the match between job condition and handicap condition. The results can be utilized by the Employment and Vocational Training Administration to expand both the counselor and counselee's perspectives about job possibilities and job requirements.

The goal of this study is to investigate the ergonomic factors in designing or selecting the hand tool handle. Electromyogram (EMG) were measured for various wrist postures and handle sizes under two loading conditions. Anthropometric data were measured and the correlation with EMG measurement data were analyzed. Investigations of this study show that wrist posture should be neutral for minimum muscle tension and optimum handle size can be found by measuring the EMG measurement data. It show that hand width and EMG measurement data is greatly correlated also. This study can be a guide of designing or selecting a hand tool, but further study with large sample sizes and various groups is needed for making general conclusion.

A standardized ergonomics kit is suggested to evaluate and reduce musculoskeletal hazards that yield large socioeconomic burdens in the work system. This kit comprises basic and detailed analysis tools with proper tool selection rules. The basic tool includes a checklist for various risk factors to screen potentially hazardous jobs among manual works. Selective detailed analysis tools can then be applied to the screened job lists for more quantitative and precise evaluation. The tool selection rules are devised for using the basic and detailed analysis tools in a mutually supplemental way. To validate the standardized ergonomics kit, it was applied to evaluate jobs related to the musculoskeletal hazards in a paper-making industry. Among 101 manual jobs investigated, 44 potential hazardous jobs were screened during basic investigation phase and finally 16 hazardous jobs were identified by the detailed analysis phase. The result provided fairly promising ideas of ergonomic interventions for the hazardous jobs.

The prevention of accidents or diseases is one of the most profitable activities in any business. The useful tools to diagnose existing safety problems and to systematically guide the improvement of those deficiencies have been developed in the world. In the recent, however, the importance of the interface between workers and workplaces has been increasingly recognized. In order to audit the correlations of job environments and workers we developed the rating system called "Ergonomic Workplace Assessment Index" for ergonomic condition in this study. The auditors will measure the degree of compliance of the criteria using judgement techniques, checks and interviews with EWAI(Ergonomic Workplace Assessment Index) which involves 5 categories and total 50 elements. elements.

This paper investigate and compare the appraisement methods and programs are related in Ergonomic, which in foreign country are approved to appraise worker's posture and environment. First, Search the appraisement program to need and develop the program. Second, Design and develop the standard model that easy and accurate, and apply to our country workstation. To response above mention, we made the EWAP(Ergonomic Workplace Analysis program) and purpose of EWAP is assisting the activity of safety management to assess more detail and delicate through quantitative methodology in which operated the Ergonomic Workplace safety management. EWAP can provide the more convenience where need to analyze their Ergonomic Workplace problem and developed by the algorithm of Ergonomic Workplace Analysis management.