In this research, the concrete breakout strength in tension of cast-in-place anchors (CIP) is experimentally investigated to be used as fundamental data for the seismic fragility analysis of equipment in nuclear power plants. Experimental variables are chosen, such as the embedment depth of the anchor, single/group anchor configurations, diameter of the head plate, and crack width. Monotonic and cyclic loading are applied to all types of specimens. As measured from the experiments, concrete breakout strength in tension is 1.5 to 2 times higher than the expected strengths from concrete capacity design (CCD) method-based model equations. In alignment with the model’s predictions, concrete breakout strength increases with deeper embedment depth, and the strength of group anchors also increases based on the expansion of the projected concrete failure area. This study also explores the effects of head plate diameter and crack width, which are not considered in the model equation. Experimental results show that the diameter of the head plate is not directly correlated to the concrete breakout strength, whereas the crack width is. The presence of cracks, with widths of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm, leads to reductions of approximately 7% and 17%, respectively, compared to single anchors in non-cracked concrete.

탄소섬유보강근을 철근 대체재로 사용하기 위해서 단기 역학적 특성뿐 아니라 장기간 역학적특성에 대한 연구가 필히 수행 되어야 하고 현재도 진행 중이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 CFRP bar의 지속하중에 대한 저항성을 평가하기 위해 ASTM 기준에 따라 약 1,000시간 동안 탄소섬유보강근 인장강도의 40%를 재하하는 크리프 시험을 진행 후 잔류 인장강도 확인을 위한 추가 인장시험을 진행하였다. 크리프 시험 결과, 탄소섬유보강근의 변형률은 지속하중 하에서 1,000시간 경과 후 하중재하 초기 변형률보다 약 4.9% 상 승하였고 크리프 파괴는 발생하지 않았다. 잔류 인장강도는 일반 인장강도의 95% 수준으로 측정되었고 잔류 탄성계수는 일반 탄성계 수의 85 % 수준이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 진행한 인장강도의 40 %가 1,000시간 동안 재하되었을 때 탄소섬유보강근은 안전한 것으 로 확인되었다.

Tensile load tests were conducted on High-Shear Ring Anchors (HRAs) after shear load had been applied to the HRAs, which had been developed to reduce the number of the anchors. Test variables include the embedment length of the rod and the width of the specimens and a total of 12 specimens were tested. Test results show that the HRAs pulled out due to bond failure or steel failure occurred in case that the HRAs were installed to the members with 300mm or greater width and the embedment length of 160mm (the actual embedment of rod is 140mm) or deeper. Except 4 HRAs showing steel failure of rod, the minimum and average of test-to-prediction by ACI 318-14 ratios are 1.18 and 1.79, respectively. The tensile strength of HRAs, after shear load was applied to the HRAs, can be safely evaluated by the minimum among the concrete breakout strength and bond strength with the actual embedment length of the rod.

PURPOSES : Previously, airport concrete pavement was designed using only aircraft gear loading without consideration of environmental loading. In this study, a multiple-regression model was developed to predict maximum tensile stress of airport concrete pavement based on finite element analysis using both environmental and B777 aircraft gear loadings. METHODS: A finite element model of airport concrete pavement and B777 aircraft main gears were fabricated to perform finite element analysis. The geometric shape of the pavement, material properties of the layers, and the loading conditions were used as input parameters for the finite element model. The sensitivity of maximum tensile stress of a concrete slab according to the variation in each input parameter was investigated by setting the ranges of the input parameters and performing finite element analysis. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, influential factors affecting the maximum tensile stress were found to be used as independent variables of the multi regression model. The maximum tensile stresses predicted by both the multiple regression model and finite element model were compared to verify the validity of the model developed in this study. RESULTS: As a result of the finite element analysis, it was determined that the maximum tensile stress developed at the bottom of the slab edge where gear loading was applied in the case that environmental loading was small. In contrast, the maximum tensile stress developed at the top of the slab center situated between the main gears in the case that the environmental loading got larger. As a result of the sensitivity analysis and multiple regression analysis, a maximum tensile stress prediction model was developed. The independent variables used included the joint spacing, slab thickness, the equivalent linear temperature difference between the top and bottom of the slab, the maximum take-off weight of a B777 aircraft, and the composite modulus of the subgrade reaction. The model was validated by comparing the predicted maximum tensile stress to the result of the finite element analysis. CONCLUSIONS : The research shown in this paper can be utilized as a precedent study for airport concrete pavement design using environmental and aircraft gear loadings simultaneously.

A tensile failure criterion that can minimize the mesh-dependency of simulation results on the basis of the fracture energy concept is introduced, and conventional plasticity based damage models for concrete such as CSC model and HJC model, which are generally used for the blast analyses of concrete structures, are compared with orthotropic model in blast test to verify the proposed criterion. The numerical prediction of the time-displacement relations in mid span of the beam during blast loading are compared with experimental results. Analytical results show that the numerical error is substantially reduced and the accuracy of numerical results is improved by applying a unique failure strain value determined according to the proposed criterion.

PSC(Prestressed Concrete)는 전단면을 유효하게 사용할 수 있으므로 교량 및 암거와 같은 구조물에 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러 나 내부의 텐던은 항상 높은 인장하중을 받는 상태에 노출되므로 부식환경에서 더욱 주의를 해야한다. 본 연구는 동일한 부식조건에서 프리스 트레싱 하중에 따라 변화하는 부식전류 및 내력저하에 대한 연구이다. 이를 위해 초기 프리스트레싱 하중의 0.0%, 20.0%, 40.0%수준으로 가력 한 뒤, ICM(Impressed Current Method)를 이용하여 촉진부식실험을 수행하였다. 초기 하중이 증가할수록 부식전류와 부식량은 증가하였으며 최대하중의 감소가 선형적으로 발생하였다. 초기하중이 20%에서 40%로 증가할 때, 부식전류량은 124.4%와 168.0% 수준으로 증가하였으며, 최종 파괴시의 하중은 87.8% 및 78.4%수준으로 감소하였다. 동일한 전압인가 시 부식속도와 내력저하는 인가한 초기 프리스트레싱 하중에 비 례함을 알 수 있다.

The effect of loading on chloride penetration into concrete is evaluated in this study. It is found that the chloride pene- tration rates for OPC concrete and blast furnace slag BFS concrete under the tensile stress were increased by 29% and 77%, respectively. The diffusion coefficient of FA and BFS concrete was lower than that of conventional concrete without BFS, no loads and stress states. Under tensile stress, the diffusion coefficient for FA and BFS, plain concrete showed higher values with increasing stress. The influence of specific surface area on the diffusion coefficient was investigated. As a result, the larger the specific surface areas of BFS are the lower diffusion coefficients. This tendency was more pronounced under the high stress conditions. The chloride penetration depth was distributed uni- formly when no stress was applied. However, in the case of tensile loading, the diffusion depth was not distributed uni- formly, and showed prominent characteristics. This result indicates that analysis using average values of chloride pene- tration depth is not proper under load conditions.

Concrete subjected to dynamic loading shows local failure and it can be suppressed by improvement of flexural toughness with reinforced of fiber. Since bonding properties of fiber with matrix, specific surface area and numbers of fiber are different by fiber reinforcement type, mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete and improvement of impact resistance performance need to be considered. In this study, improvement mechanical properties by dynamic lodaing have been evaluated according to SF, PA fiber.

The energy absorption capacity of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concretes (UHPFRCs) was investigated at high strain rates (45 – 92 s-1) using a strain energy frame impact machine. The UHPFRCs investigated in this study showed much higher energy absorption capacity, fracture energy, ranging 42 and 71 kJ/m2 at high strain rates than that (31 and 43 kJ/m2) at static rate. The energy absorption capacity of UHPFRC at high strain rates was strongly dependent on fiber type and fiber volume content.