월동배추 저장 특성과 이용 시 봄배추와의 차이를 비교하였다. 월동배추의 산업현장에서 저장 특성을 조사하여, 현장에 나타나는 현상과 개선 방향을 파악하고자 하였다. 월동배추인 ‘남도장군’을 산업현장에서 저온으로 그물망 저장을 하여 16주 동안 조사한 결과, 월동배추의 외관이 변하여 상품성은 떨어졌지만, 내부 상태는 양호하여, 신선배추로 판매보다는 가공용으로 이용 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 월동배추는 저장 중에 외관 및 생체중량, SPAD지수, 색상차에서 저장 동안에 지속적으로 감소하나, 8주까지 실증 현장의 배추는 신선 배추로 판매가 가능해 보였는데, 이후 저장 종료 시까지 월동배추의 겉잎 부패로 인한 손실로 신선하게 유통하기에는 부적합해 보였다. 그러나 저장 16주간의 실증에서 월동배추 내부의 경도, 당도 등 에서는 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타나서, 가공 시 다듬어 손질한다면 큰 문제는 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 월동배추인 ‘남도장군’을 저장 후 봄배추인 ‘춘광’과 결구의 개체 별 특성을 비교하였는데, SSC를 제외하고는 구중과 같은 특성에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 저장했던 월동배추가 절임 시 조사를 통해 pH를 제외한 염 특성이나 EC에서 차이를 보이지 않아, 봄배추와 비슷한 가공 적성을 가지고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 월동배추의 저장 특성을 농산업 현장에서 실증하였고, 봄배추와 저장한 월동배추의 품질과 가공용으로 이용 시 특성을 비교 검토하였다.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects that the difference of planting time by a method of cultivation in the non-heated greenhouse and the open field with spring planting had on growth and yield. With regard to the tested variety of Momordica charantia, variety ‘Dragon’ (Japan Yae 農藝) was selected. And 3 treatments on March 20, April 5 and April 20 for the greenhouse cultivation and 3 treatments on April 20, May 5 and May 20 for the open-field cultivation 1 month later than those for the greenhouse cultivation were planted by the randomized complete block design, and 4 secondary vines were trained. In the results of examining 15-day average atmospheric temperature after planting according to the methods of greenhouse and open-field cultivation and planting time, it was shown that there was a tendency for atmospheric temperature inside the greenhouse to decrease as the planting time was moved up. In particular, the average atmospheric temperature was 16.7oC when seedling was planted on April 20 in the open-field cultivation, which was approximately equal to 17.0oC of the average atmospheric temperature when a seedling was planted on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation. With regard to the date of first harvest by the method of cultivation, it was shown that there was a tendency for the date of first harvest to be earlier in the greenhouse cultivation than in the open-field cultivation, and the date of first harvest was moved up as a seedling was planted earlier for the planting period. The number and weight of harvested fruits per plant showed a tendency which was almost similar to that of total number of harvest days and number of harvests. Thus, the number of fruits was 189 and the weight of fruits was 31,649g in case of the greenhouse cultivation and planting on March 20, which were maximum. In case of planting on the latest planting date : May 20 in the open-field cultivation, the number of fruits was 77 and the weight of fruits was 12,502g, which were at a level of 40% of those of planting on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation 2 months earlier. The total yield per 10a was 10,228kg in the greenhouse cultivation and was 2.2 times as heavy as 4,607kg in the open-field cultivation with regard to the method of cultivation. For the planting period in the greenhouse cultivation, it was 10,539kg and 10,517kg in planting on March 20 and April 5, which was higher by 9% than 9,629kg in planting on April 20. And in the open-field cultivation, it was 4,785kg in planting on April 20 and 4,872kg in planting on May 5, which was higher by 15~17% than 4,163kg in planting on May 20. Taking the above results into account, it is considered proper to plant Momordica charantia from March 20 to April 5 for the greenhouse cultivation and from April 20 to May 5 or thereabouts when a risk of late frost is gone for the open-field cultivation in southern area.

Biological control of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) using Diglyphus isaea (Walker) has been evaluated in tomato greenhouse, for three seasonal culture types: spring type (March-July), summer type (June-October) and autumn type (July-December). For spring type, totally 5.8 individuals/㎡ of D. isaea has been released at six times from late April, when the density of L. trifolii was about 1.0 individuals/plant. Corrected mortality of Liriomyza trifolii caused by parasitoids was 97.6% at early July, and the proportion of D. isaea was 88.9% of all parasitoids collected in the greenhouse. In the case of summer type, totally 1.8 individuals/㎡ of D. isaea has been released at five times from early July, when the density of L. trifolii was about 0.4 individuals/plant. Corrected mortality of L. trifolii caused by parasitoids was 84.4% during the whole season, but the proportion of D. isaea was very low (only 13.8%). Immigrating parasitoids such as Chrysocharis penthus were synchronized to control the leafminer in the greenhouse. For autumn type, totally 2.7 individuals/㎡ of D. isaea has been released at four times from mid September, when the density of L. trifolii was about 0.7 individuals/plant. Corrected mortality of L. trifolii caused by parasitoids was 85.7% at mid December, and the proportion of the D. isaea was 83.4%.

Background : With the recent increase in the area of ginseng cultivation in greenhouses, demand for studies of proper cropping patterns in direct seedling of ginseng and varieties of cultivation are increasing, and the needs for clean production of quality ginseng in greenhouses are emerging in connection with the consumer demand for pesticide-free ginseng and the supply and demand of ginseng seedling for cultivation of young ginseng. Therefore, this study is to provide baseline data in improving of quality of ginseng cultivated in greenhouses by examining the contents of ginsenoside in ginseng cultivated in different cropping patterns and different varieties. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the contents of ginsenoside in 3-year old, direct seedling ginseng cultivated in greenhouses in different depths – 10 ㎝, 20 ㎝ and 30 ㎝ - and width – 90 ㎝, 100 ㎝, 110 ㎝ and 120 ㎝ - of furrows, the contents of ginsenoside showed little differences by the depths of furrow in the furrow width of 90 ㎝ but, the highest content of ginsenoside Rb1 was observed in the furrow width of 120 ㎝ and depth of 20 ㎝, while the ginsenoside contents were high in the furrow depth of 20 ㎝ and width of 100 ㎝ and 120 ㎝. The contents of ginsenoside in different varieties of direct seedling cultivation in greenhouses were greater in the following order: Geumgin > Geumsun > Chunpoong, while the contents of ginsenoside Rb1 were observed to be superior in Sunhyang, Gopoong and Geumseon and the contents of ginsenoside Rb2 were greater in the order of Geumgin > Guemsun >　Cheonpoong. Conclusion : Based on the results, the contents of ginsenoside in different cropping patterns of direct seedling cultivation in greenhouses were higher in lower depths of furrow - 10 ㎝ and 20 ㎝ - at furrow widths wider than 100 ㎝. The contents of ginsenoside in different varieties of direct seedling cultivation in greenhouses were higher in varieties of Geumjin, Geumsun and Chunpoong.

Background : In recent years, as the ginseng cultivation area using vinyl house is increasing, the demand of farmhouses for the studies of appropriate direct sowing cultivation and ginseng varieties for vinyl house cultivation is increasing, and there is a necessity to produce high quality clean ginseng in vinyl house in tandem with the consumers’ demand for pesticide-free ginseng. Thus, the goal of this research is to determine appropriate ridge height and width when growing ginseng in the vinyl house using direct sowing cropping system. The research was also done to choose ginseng breed for direct sowing cultivation. Methods and Results : The ground part of 4 years old ginseng grown in the vinyl house using direct-sowing cropping pattern was the type that grew well in 100 ㎝ wide ridge rather than 90 ㎝ wide ridge. It also tended to grow well in 20 ㎝ or 30 ㎝ long ridge as opposed to 10 ㎝ long ones. The root weight of the underground part was superior under 90 ㎝ × 20 ㎝(ridge height×ridge width), 90 ㎝ × 30 ㎝, 110 ㎝ × 10 ㎝ and 110 ㎝ × 20 ㎝ cultivation area. The root diameter was longer, the longer the ridge height. The volume per 1.62 ㎡ was superior for 100cm, 120 ㎝ × 10 ㎝ cultivation area. The ginseng whose ground part was superior in the vinyl house were Chungsun and Seonweon. Seonweon and Gumpoong had superior root weight in underground parts. The root length was superior for Geumsun. The ginseng that were direct sowing in the vinyl house did not have rusty ginseng problem regardless of ridge height and kind. The root injury was greatest in the cultivation area with ridge width of 90 ㎝. Conclusion : According to the results above, the growth in vinyl house using direct sowing cropping pattern was best when ridge width was 100㎝ and 110cm in ridge height of 30 ㎝. The best selection was Chunpoong and Seonweon. The root weight of the underground part was superior in 110 ㎝ × 10 ㎝ cultivation area, the best variety was Seonweon and Gumpoong.

Background : In recent years, as the ginseng cultivation area using vinyl house is increasing, the demand of farmhouses for the studies of appropriate direct seeding cultivation and ginseng varieties for vinyl house cultivation is increasing, and there is a necessity to produce high quality clean ginseng in vinyl house in tandem with the consumers’ demand for pesticide-free ginseng and the supply-demand of ginseng seedling for sprout ginseng. Thus, the authors of this study analyzed the change of photosynthetic properties according to the cropping pattern and varieties with the aim to use the results of this study as the primary date for improving the quality of ginseng cultivated in vinyl house. Methods and Results : The authors analyzed the change of photosynthetic properties for the 3-year old ginseng cultivated through direct seeding according to the ginseng field levee height (10, 20, 30cm) and width (90, 100, 110, 120cm). The results suggested that with an increase in light intensity, the photosynthesis tends to increase regardless of levee height and width. When the levee width was 90cm, the photosynthesis increased as the levee height was reduced and it increased as the levee height increased when the levee width was 100cm. The photosynthesis was high when the levee height was 20cm for the levee width of 110cm and 120cm. The photosynthesis was analyzed for 11 varieties of 3-year old ginseng cultivated through direct seeding. The results suggested that the photosynthesis tends to increase as the light intensity increased in all 11 varieties, and the photosynthesis was the highest at 500PAR(ray source: 3.23umolCO2m-2s-1㎛ol) in the order of Cheonpoong, Yeonpoong, Cheongson and Sonwoon. Conclusion : The results of this study suggested that the photosynthesis according to the direct seeding cultivation in vinyl house increased as the levee height decreased for the levee width of 90cm and it was high when the levee height was 20cm for the levee width of 120cm. For the ginseng variety, Sonwon and Cheonpoong showed the highest photosynthesis.