This study evaluated the suitability of using Wickerhamomyces anomalus A1-5 isolated from solid grain fermentation broth for winemaking by comparing the quality and functionality of Campbell Early wine produced with single and mixed inoculations. The pH ranged from 3.43 to 3.68, with the highest value in treatment B. Soluble solids ranged from 5.0 to 7.7 °Brix. Total acidity was measured at 0.42% to 0.47%. Color analysis indicated a significant decrease in lightness with an increase in redness across all treatment groups compared to the control. Among aroma compounds, 8 alcohols, 6 esters, 3 acids, and 11 other compounds were identified, with the control having the highest alcohol content and treatment D having the highest ester content. Tannin and total polyphenol contents ranged from 46.46 mg% to 95.92 mg% and from 87.66 mg% to 147.21 mg%, respectively. Antioxidant activities measured by DPPH and ABTS assays ranged from 33.84% to 69.02% and from 42.43% to 89.18%, respectively, with treatment B exhibiting the highest activities. These results suggest that W. anomalus A1-5 may positively influence the quality and functionality of Campbell Early wine, presenting potential as a novel yeast strain for winemaking.

세계적인 탄소중립 정책 추진과 수소 에너지 수요 증가에 따라 고분자 전해질 수전해 및 연료전지 기술 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 해당 기술의 핵심 소재인 과불소계 술폰산 이오노머는 우수한 전기화학적 특성과 화학적 안정성을 가지고 있지만, 높은 제조비용, 한정된 공급망, 강화되는 환경 규제와 같은 문제로 인해 효과적인 재활용 및 재제조 기술이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초임계 분산 기술을 통해 전해질막 및 막-전극접합체의 제조과정에서 발생하는 고활성을 갖는 전해질막 스크랩을 연료전지 전극바인더로 재제조하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

To utilize textured vegetable protein (TVP) instead of meat in kimchi stew, TVP of different sizes were added to kimchi stew under different cooking conditions. Canned Kimchi stew was prepared by adding processed TVP. Physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of the broth, kimchi, and meat (or TVP) were measured. The pH and salinity did not show a significant difference between treatment groups in the broth or kimchi. However, the TVP treatment group showed higher pH and lower salinity than the control group. There was no significant difference in color between control group and TVP-treated groups. In terms of texture, the control group had the lowest hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, followed by TVP-1 and TVP-2 manufactured after pre-cooking, which showed lower hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The smaller the size of the TVP, the lower the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Results of shear force were consistent with those of hardness. Contents of flavonoid and polyphenol compounds as antioxidant components did not increase or decrease with the addition of TVP. There were no significant differences in antioxidant activities among experimental groups.

본 연구는 한국 정부의 코로나 19 지원정책이 한국 제조 기업의 혁신활동에 미 치는 영향을 실증분석한 연구이다. 선행연구에 따르면, 정부는 조세, 자금, 금융 지원 등 다양 한 정책을 통해 기업의 혁신활동을 촉진할 수 있으며, 실제 이러한 정책들이 기업의 혁신 활 동 및 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되어왔다. 그러나, 정부 지원 정책의 효과는 지원 유형과 기간에 따라 다를 수 있으며, 동일한 정책이라도 지원 분야 및 산업에 따라 그 효과가 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 과학기술정책연구원(STEPI)에서 제공하는 2020 한국기업 혁신조사(KIS)자료를 사용하여 팬데믹 기간 코로나19 지원정책의 효과를 실증분석하였다. 2017-2020년 한국 제조 산업에 속한 3,941개 기업을 대상으로 프로빗 및 성향점수매칭 방법 을 통해 분석한 결과, 팬데믹 기간 정부의 코로나 19 지원정책은 한국 제조 기업의 혁신활동 을 유지 및 증가시킬 확률을 높이는데 양의 유의미한 영향을 주었으며, 지원정책의 유형을 조세, 금융, 자금지원 정책으로 분리하여 분석해 보았을 때에도 개별 정책은 모두 기업의 혁 신활동을 유지 및 증가시킬 확률을 유의미하게 높이는 것으로 분석되었다.

This study develops a machine learning-based tool life prediction model using spindle power data collected from real manufacturing environments. The primary objective is to monitor tool wear and predict optimal replacement times, thereby enhancing manufacturing efficiency and product quality in smart factory settings. Accurate tool life prediction is critical for reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and maintaining consistent product standards. Six machine learning models, including Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Regressor, Linear Regression, XGBoost, and LightGBM, were evaluated for their predictive performance. Among these, the Random Forest Regressor demonstrated the highest accuracy with R2 value of 0.92, making it the most suitable for tool wear prediction. Linear Regression also provided detailed insights into the relationship between tool usage and spindle power, offering a practical alternative for precise predictions in scenarios with consistent data patterns. The results highlight the potential for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, significantly reducing downtime, optimizing tool usage, and improving operational efficiency. Challenges such as data variability, real-world noise, and model generalizability across diverse processes remain areas for future exploration. This work contributes to advancing smart manufacturing by integrating data-driven approaches into operational workflows and enabling sustainable, cost-effective production environments.

MES(manufacturing execution system) plays a critical role in improving production efficiency by managing operations across the entire manufacturing system. Conventional manufacturing systems employ a centralized control structure, which has limitations in terms of the flexibility, scalability and reconfigurability of the manufacturing system. Agent-based manufacturing systems, on the other hand, are better suited to dynamic environments due to their inherent high autonomy and reconfigurability. In this study, we propose an agent-based MES and present its collaboration model between agents along with a data structure. The agent-based MES consists of three types of core agents: WIPAgent, PAgent(processing agent), and MHAgent(material handling agent). The entire manufacturing execution process operates through collaboration among these core agents, and all collaboration is carried out through autonomous interactions between the agents. In particular, the order-by-order dispatching process and the WIP(work-in-process) routing process are represented as respective collaboration models to facilitate understanding and analyzing the processes. In addition, we define data specifications required for MES implementation and operation, and their respective structures and relationships. Moreover, we build a prototype system employing a simulation model of an exemplary shop-floor as a simulation test bed. The framework proposed in this study can be used as a basis for building an automated operating system in a distributed environment.

This study explores the utilization level of smart manufacturing systems in the value chain processes of manufacturing and empirically examines the effect of the utilization level of these systems on manufacturing competitiveness in SMEs. Smart manufacturing systems in the value chain processes are categorized into Sales, Purchasing, Production & Logistics, and Support systems. By analyzing the research model using structural equation modeling, this study identifies that Sales systems, Purchasing systems, Production & Logistics systems, and Support systems have a significant impact on manufacturing process efficiency. Additionally, Production & Logistics systems and manufacturing process efficiency positively and significantly influence manufacturing competitiveness. The findings suggest that the utilization of information is directly and positively related to manufacturing process efficiency, including reducing lead-time, decreasing work performance man-hours (M/H), and improving work accuracy. These improvements ultimately have a significant impact on manufacturing competitiveness. In conclusion, the use of smart manufacturing systems is becoming an integral part of the manufacturing industry. To gain a competitive edge, it will be necessary to introduce and utilize optimal smart manufacturing systems, taking into account the size of manufacturing firms.

Recently, in the manufacturing industry, changes in various environmental conditions and constraints appear rapidly. At this time, a dispatching system that allocates work to resources at an appropriate time plays an important role in improving the speed or quality of production. In general, a rule-based static dispatching method has been widely used. However, this static approach to a dynamic production environment with uncertainty leads to several challenges, including decreased productivity, delayed delivery, and lower operating rates, etc. Therefore, a dynamic dispatching method is needed to address these challenges. This study aims to develop a reinforcement learning-based dynamic dispatching system, in which dispatching agents learn optimal dispatching rules for given environmental states. The state space represents various information such as WIP(work-in-process) and inventory levels, order status, machine status, and process status. A dispatching agent selects an optimal dispatching rule that considers multiple objectives of minimizing total tardiness and minimizing the number of setups at the same time. In particular, this study targets a multi-area manufacturing system consisting of a flow-shop area and a cellular-shop area. Thus, in addition to the dispatching agent that manages inputs to the flow-shop, a dispatching agent that manages transfers from the flow-shop to the cellular-shop is also developed. These two agents interact closely with each other. In this study, an agent-based dispatching system is developed and the performance is verified by comparing the system proposed in this study with the existing static dispatching method.

Silicon-based anode materials have attracted significant interest because of their advantages, including high theoretical specific capacity (~4,200 mAh/g), low working potential (0.4 V vs Li/Li+), and abundant sources. However, their significant initial capacity loss and large volume changes during cycling impede the application of silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we propose a silicon oxide (SiOx) anode material for lithium-ion batteries produced with a magnesio-thermic reduction (MTR) process adopting Boryeong mud as a starting material. Boryeong mud contains various minerals such as clinochlore [(Mg,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8], anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), illite [K0.7Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2], and quartz (SiO2). The MTR process with Boryeong mud generates a mixture of amorphous silicon oxides (SiOx and SiO2), and magnesium aluminate which helps to alleviate the volume expansion of the electrode during charge/discharge. To observe the effects of these oxides, we conducted various analyses including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) galvanic cell testing. The amorphous SiO2 and MgAl2O4 suppressed the volume expansion of the silicon-based anode, and excellent cycle performance was achieved as a result.

이 실험에서는 α-Al2O3 지지체 위에 진공 코팅(vacuum coating)과 딥 코팅(dip-coating) 기법을 사용하여 GO/γ -Al2O3 중간층을 형성하였고, 무전해도금 방식을 통해 Pd-Ag 수소 분리막을 제작하였다. Pd와 Ag는 각각 무전해도금을 통해 지지체 표면에 증착되었으며, 합금화를 위해 도금 과정 중 H2 분위기 하에서 500°C에서 18 h 동안 열처리를 진행하였다. 제 조된 분리막의 표면과 단면은 SEM을 통해 분석되었으며, Pd-Ag 분리막의 두께는 1.88 μm, GO/γ-Al2O3 중간층을 가진 Pd-Ag 분리막의 두께는 1.07 μm로 측정되었다. EDS 분석을 통해 Pd-77%, Ag-23%의 조성으로 합금이 형성된 것을 확인하 였다. 기체투과 실험은 H2 단일가스와 H2/N2 혼합가스를 이용하여 수행되었다. H2 단일가스 투과실험에서 450°C, 4 bar 조건 하에서 Pd 분리막의 최대 H2 플럭스는 0.53 mol/m²·s로, Pd-Ag 분리막의 경우 0.76 mol/m²·s로 측정되었다. H2/N2 혼합가스 실험에서 측정된 분리막의 separation factor는 450°C, 4 bar 조건에서 Pd 분리막이 2626, Pd-Ag 분리막이 13808로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 산 폐수에서 효율적인 산-금속이온 분리를 위한 전기투석 공정에 적용할 수 있는 1가 이온에 대한 높은 선택성을 가진 양이온 교환막의 제조에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 설폰산기를 가진 sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (NaSS), 포스폰산기를 가진 vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) 단량체 및 가교제를 비대칭 구조의 다공성 지지체에 충진하고 in-situ 광중합을 통해 세공충진 양이온 교환막을 제조하였다. 제조된 세공충진 양이온 교환막은 상용막 대비 이온교환용량이 다소 낮았으나 실제 응용에 적합한 수준의 전기적 저항 및 기계적 물성을 나타내었다. 다양한 NaSS:VPA 몰 비율로 제조된 세공충진 양이온 교환막과 상용막(CSE, Astom, Japan)의 H+/Fe2+ 혼합용액에서의 선택투과도를 측정한 결과 NaSS:VPA = 25:75 조건에서 가장 우수한 선택투과도를 확인하였으며 이는 상용막 대비 10 이상 높은 값이었다. 또한 최적 조건의 제조막 을 이용한 H+/Fe2+ 혼합용액의 전기투석 결과 상용막 대비 우수한 산-금속 이온 분리 성능을 확인할 수 있었다. 이온전도성이 우수한 설폰산기와 금속이온에 대한 결합력이 강한 포스폰산을 함께 도입한 양이온 교환막은 Fe2+ 이외에도 산 폐액으로부터 다양한 유가 금속이온을 분리하는 데 효과적일 것으로 기대된다.

탄소중립을 달성하기 위해 이산화탄소를 포집, 활용, 저장하는 CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) 기 술이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 광물 탄산화 공정을 통해 이산화탄소를 탄산염으로 고정하고, 이를 전이금속 탄산염 기반 리튬이온배터리 (LIB) 음극재로 적용하였다. CO2를 탄산염으로 고정후, 이를 이용해 FeCO3를 제작하고, rGO와 PVP와 복합 화하여 음극활물질에 적용하였다. rGO는 전기전도도를 높이고 입자의 응집을 방지해 부피 팽창을 완화했으며, PVP는 계면 활성제로서 입자 표면을 안정화하여 구조적 안정성을 강화하였다. FeCO3-PVP-rGO 복합체 기반한 음극재에 대한 전기화학 테스트를 진행한 결과, FeCO3/rGO 복합체는 1,620 mA/g의 전류 밀도에서 50 사이클 이후에도 400 mAh/g의 용량을 유지하 였다. 본 연구는 CO2를 고부가가치 배터리 소재로 전환하여 차세대 에너지 저장 기술에 기여할 가능성을 시사한다.

This study compared quality characteristics of traditional wine made with white rice of Samkwang and pigmented rice of heugjinmi, joeunheugmi, and heugjinju cultivars. After 10 days fermentation period, the pH was in the range of 4.52~4.71. It was higher in pigmented rice than in white rice. Total acidity was 0.50~0.74%. It was also higher in pigmented rice than in white rice. Regarding sugar content, white rice samgkwang had the highest sugar content at 17.40 °Brix and pigmented rice had sugar contents in the range of 13.17~14.93 °Brix. Regarding reducing sugar, white rice samgkwang had the highest content while heugjinmi pigmented rice had the lowest content. Alcohol concentrations of traditional wine were in the range of 15.0~15.6%. White rice samgkwang and pigmented rice heugjinju cultivars had the highest alcohol concentrations. Traditional wine made from white rice and samgkwang had the highest lightness value at 53.40. For wine made from pigmented rice cultivars, lightness values ranged from 31.91 to 38.33. Pigment wine made from Heugjinmi had the highest redness value at 8.08 and the highest yellowness value at 6.39. Major aroma components produced in large amounts of fermented liquor were ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone, and isoamyl alcohol.

멤브레인 기술은 폐수 처리, 담수화, 혈액 투석 등의 분리 공정에서 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 고분자 멤브레인을 만 들기 위해 사용되는 비용매상전이 방식에서 환경에 유해하고 독성인 유기 용매를 사용한다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 비용매 상전이 방식에서 사용되는 유기 용매를 물로 대체해 고분자 멤브레인을 제작하는 aqueous phase separation (APS) 방법이 주 목받고 있다. 본 총설에서는 APS의 원리와 APS를 통한 멤브레인의 제작 공정을 소개하고자 한다. 멤브레인의 구조는 단량체 의 비율, 수용액의 pH와 염 농도 차이, 캐스팅 용액의 점도, 가교제 농도를 통해 조절할 수 있다.

Organic-inorganic hybrid coating films have been used to increase the transmittance and enhance the physical properties of plastic substrates. Sol-gel organic-inorganic thin films were fabricated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrates using a dip coater. Metal alkoxide precursor tetraethylsilicate (TEOS) and alkoxy silanes including decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS), 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) were used to synthesize sol-gel hybrid coating solutions. Sol-gel synthesis was confirmed by the results of FT-IR. Cross-linking of the Si-O-Si network during synthesis of the sol-gel reaction was confirmed. The effects of each alkoxy silane on the coating film properties were investigated. All of the organicinorganic hybrid coatings showed improved transmittance of over 90 %. The surface hardness of all coating films on the PMMA substrate was measured to be 4H or higher and the average thickness of the coating films was measured to be about 500 nm. Notably, the TEOS/DTMS coating film showed excellent hydrophobic properties, of about 97°.

In this paper, we aim to improve the output quality of a food 3D printer through optimized component design and implementation. Existing 3D printers produce customized outputs according to consumer needs, but have problems with output speed and poor quality. In this paper, we aim to solve this problem through optimized design of unit parts such as the extruder, nozzle, guide, and external case. Fusion 360 was used for element design, and in the performance evaluation of the implemented system, the average precision was 0.06mm, which is higher than the non-repeatable precision of ±0.1㎜ of other products, and the feed speed of the existing system was evaluated to be more than twice as fast, from 70mm/s to 140mm/s. In the future, we plan to continuously research output elements that can produce texture and color and device control methods for convenience.

This study analyzed the influence of ball size and process control agents on the refinement and dehydrogenation behavior of TiH2 powder. Powders milled using ZrO2 balls with diameters of 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.3+0.5+1 mm exhibited a bimodal particle size distribution, of which the first mode had the smallest size of 0.23 μm for the 0.3 mm balls. Using ethanol and/or stearic acid as process control agents was effective in particle refinement. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that dehydrogenation of the milled powder started at a relatively low temperature compared to the raw powder, which is interpreted to have resulted from a decrease in particle size and an increase in defects. The dehydrogenation kinetics of the TiH2 powder were evaluated by the magnitude of peak shift with heating rates using thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energy of the dehydrogenation reaction, calculated from the slope of the Kissinger plot, was measured to be 228.6 kJ/mol for the raw powder and 194.5 kJ/mol for the milled powder. TEM analysis revealed that both the milled and dehydrogenated powders showed an angular shape with a size of about 200 nm.

Maraging steel has excellent mechanical properties resulting from the formation of precipitates within the matrix through aging treatment. Maraging steel fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is suitable for applications including precise components and optimized design. The anisotropic characteristic, which depends on the stacking direction, affects the mechanical properties. This study aimed to analyze the influence of anisotropy on the wear behavior of maraging steel after aging treatment. The features of additive manufacturing tended to disappear after heat treatment. However, some residual cellular and dendrite structures were observed. In the wear tests, a high wear rate was observed on the building direction plane for all counter materials. This is believed to be because the oxides formed on the wear track positively affected the wear characteristics; meanwhile, the bead shape in the stacking direction surface was vulnerable to wear, leading to significant wear.

In response to the global interest and efforts towards reducing plastic use and promoting resource recycling, there is a growing need to establish methods for recycling discarded fishing gear. In Korea, various technologies are being developed to recycle discarded fishing gear, but significant technical and policy challenges still remain. In particular, biodegradable gill nets require a pre-treatment process to separate biodegradable materials from other substances and to remove salt before recycling. Therefore, this study aims to develop a pre-treatment device for recycling biodegradable gill nets and to evaluate the feasibility of recycling them.

높은 내화학성과 소수성 특성을 갖는 polymethylpentene (PMP) 소재는 polypropylene 소재 대비 결정성이 낮아 dense skin층을 갖는 비대칭 분리막을 제조하기 수월하지만 녹는점이 높아 가공이 용이하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 비용매 유도 상분리법(NIPS)과 열유도 상분리법(TIPS)을 혼합한 N-TIPS 법을 활용하여 polymethylpentene (PMP) 고분자 분리막을 제조 하고 성능과 특성을 평가하였다. Cyclohexane을 용매로 사용하여 PMP 도프용액을 제조하였으며, 상전이조로 물, EtOH, IPA 를 사용하였다. Cyclohexane과 섞이지 않는 물을 비용매로 상전이한 분리막은 TIPS 영향으로 인해 큰 기공과 높은 기체 투과 도를 보였으나, 표면이 거칠고 구조가 불안정한 특성을 보였다. 반면, cyclohexane과 혼합될 수 있는 알코올류(ethanol, isopropanol) 를 상전이조로 사용한 경우 NIPS 효과로 인해 dense skin층이 형성됨을 확인하며, 높은 기계적 강도를 보였다. 추가 적인 기공형성을 위해 polyethylene glycol (PEG)를 첨가한 경우 기체투과도가 높아지는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.