Recently, air pollution from fossil fuels is at a serious level, and the IMO proposes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 70% by 2050, and controls greenhouse gas emissions by applying the energy efficiency disign index(EEDI) to each ship type. In this study, the marine fuel oil viscosity of MGO, MDO, HFO and CGO according to the temperature change was compared and measured and the difference was analyzed. As a result, the viscosity of CGO was 3.32mPa·s, which was almost similar to MGO(3.40mPa·s) and MDO(3.51mPa·s) so it was judged that it could be used as a marine fuel, and it was found that there was a significant difference with HFO at P<0.01 there was.

Due to severe environmental pollution from ships, IMO(International Maritime Organization) is imposing strict controls on pollutant emission in ECA(Emission Control Area). There have been active studies to find fuel that could replace existing fossil fuel and especially in recent times, diverse studies on recycling of coffee ground are in progress. The annual domestic consumption of coffee was 150,000 tons according to the data of 2017 year and 99% of them are coffee ground to be scrapped. Therefore, in this study, coffee ground was mixed with diesel oil to develop alternative fuel. The analysis result showed that when coffee ground and diesel oil were mixed at a rate of 30%, 20% and 10%, the diameter of coffee ground droplet was 49.1μm, 45.9μm and 17.5μm respectively.

Coffee wastes are by-products after extracting liquid from ground coffee beans. The coffee wastes were classified as household wastes, but they can be used as bio-solid fuels. Coffee wastes have almost no elements of heavy metal, and low heating values are more than 10% higher than wood pellets which is expected to be used as renewable energy. The purpose of this study is to design and manufacture a 20-horsepower Pelletizer to make coffee wastes as pellet-type solid fuels, and to analyze the possibility of use them as renewable energy through experiment. As results, it is found that if the compression ratio of dice used in ordinary wood Pelletizer is increased by about 50%, it was able to make coffee waste pellets with high strength and excellent heating value without additives for pelletizing.

새송이버섯(Pleurotus eryngii)은 인기 있는 식용버섯 중의 하나로서 항산화, 항암 또는 면역조절 기능 등의 인체에 유익한 생리활성 기능을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 새송이버섯 균사체 배양 시 커피음료 생산 과정으로부터 폐기되는 커피박(spent coffee ground: SCG) 첨가에 의한 균사체의 생장과 기능성의 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과, SCG(1-10%, w/v) 첨가 시 생장속도가 상당히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 1% SCG 첨가 시 무첨가에 비해 건조중량이 2.5배 증가함으로써 SCG가 탁월한 새송이버섯 균사체의 생장촉진제 기능이 제시되었다. SCG 첨가에 의하여 균사체의 polysaccharide 함량은 변화가 없었으나 polyphenol량 및 항산화능의 증대를 확인할 수 있었다.

Quality characteristics of Yanggaeng prepared with water extract (CRE) and powder (CRP) of roasted coffee ground (CR) were investigated. Total polyphenol content and DPPH raidcal scavenging ability of water extract of CRE were 13.52 g/mL and 78.75%, respectively. The pH ranges of Yanggaeng prepared with CRE (CREY) and CRP (CRPY) were 7.10~7.29 and 6.95~7.15, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of CREY containing 0.1~1.0% CRE showed 8.77~43.10% and CRPY containing 0.1~1.0% CRP showed 5.28~14.92%. The total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity of CREY and CRPY increased significantly with increasing CRE and CRP concentrations (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation which includes taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability of CREY and CRPY were higher than that of control. The overall acceptability showed the highest levels in Yanggaeng containing 0.5% CRE and containing 0.3% CRP. These results indicate the potential use of roasted coffee ground residue as a valuable resource for development of side menu in coffee restaurants.

Sensory evaluation, in vitro antioxidant activities and main compounds of coffee water-extract, coffee liqueur (CL) and coffee-ground liqueur (CGL) were investigated to consider their industrialization. Sensory evaluation showed that all groups of CGL without 25% CGL (3 month) were relatively higher than CL groups. Total phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activities such as 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were also performed. The group of 35% CGL had higher total phenolic compounds than others, and the result of DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar to that of total phenolic compounds. In addition, 35% CGL is comparable to the FRAP of coffee water extract (CE). Qualitative and quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed, and chlorogenic acid as a ployphenolic compound and caffeine as a nonpolyphenolic compound were detected in all samples. Moreover, the HPLC analysis showed that CGLs contain a larger amounts of chlorogenic acid (difference of 0.3~10.5%) and also greater amounts of caffeine (difference of 10.0~18.2%) more then CE. Consequently, these results suggest that coffee-ground as coffee by-products could be used as commercially available food substances because of its physiological molecules remained.

육식의 소비가 늘어나면서 소·돼지와 같은 가축의 사육두수도 늘어나게 되고, 그에 따라 분뇨 발생량도 날로 늘어나고 있다. 또한, 커피 소모량이 많아짐에 따라 커피찌꺼기(커피박)의 발생량 또한 많아지고 있는 실정이다. 가축분뇨와 커피박을 처리하는 방법은 다양하지만, 비용과 적용성에서 한계가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 가축분뇨 중에서도 발생량이 가장 많은 우분과 커피박을 혼합, 성형, 건조하여 고형연료로써 재자원화의 가능여부를 검토했다. 고형연료로써 사용하기 위해서는 고형연료제품의 품질기준인 크기, 수분, 회분, 염소, 황, 저위발열량, 중금속 함량을 만족해야 한다. 우분 자체의 발열량은 고형연료제품의 품질기준보다 낮게 나왔기에 커피박을 이용함으로써 부족한 열량을 보완할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 또 열량이 높은 커피박은 성형에 어려움이 있었으나, 우분의 첨가로 일정 모양으로 성형할 수 있었다. 수거한 커피박의 수분은 58%, 가연분은 41%, 회분은 1% 내외의 함량을 보였으며, 우분의 수분은 78%, 가연분은 16%, 회분은 6% 내외의 함량을 보였다. 이런 우분과 커피박의 혼합비를 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9로 설정하여, 후속 실험을 수행하였다. 이렇게 우분을 연료로 재활용함으로써 비닐하우스 농사 등 농업에 필요한 열을 농가에서 나오는 열원으로 조달할 수 있으며, 환경적으로도 장점이 클 것으로 판단된다.

The composting characteristics of BM sludge and the control sludge were compared. Feasibility of using coffee groundsas a bulking agent was examined, along with sawdust. It was observed that composting of BM sludge had a faster rateof reaction than with the control sludge, and higher temperatures were reached. When using coffee grounds as a bulkingagent, the caffeine in the coffee seemed to absorb the odors, allowing a composting with almost no odors. Moreover,when coffee grounds used as the bulking agent, total organic matter content increased by approximately 17% over sawdust,while total nitrogen increased by 49%, and available phosphorus by approximately 3%.