Conventional flipped learning instructional models are operated in a blended learning environment online and offline. In contrast, this study moved onto fully online systems and explored how a sense of presence worked for students’ learning outcomes at university English writing courses. The two research questions for this study are: 1) What is the relationship between a sense of presence (teaching, cognitive, social presence) and learning outcomes (group cohesion, class satisfaction)? and 2) What are the variables among a sense of presence that affect group cohesion and class satisfaction? For the purposes of this study, 46 university students from English composition courses answered student questionnaires in the spring of 2021. Correlation and multiple-regression analyses were conducted to look into the relationships among the variables. Additionally, focus-group interviews were conducted and teaching journals were analyzed. The major findings were revealed as follows: Firstly, a sense of presence was significantly related to group cohesion and satisfaction. Secondly, social presence and cognitive presence only had a predictive power of group cohesion. Thirdly, cognitive presence and teaching presence were significant predictors of class satisfaction. Pedagogical implications are discussed for those interested in applying flipped learning in a fully online setting.

본 연구는 국내 간호대학생에게 적용한 플립러닝 교수법의 효과에 관한 연구를 체계적 고찰을 통해 통합적으로 규명하기 위한 메타분석연구이다. 자료수집은 2022년 11월 20일에서 12월 20일까지 코 크란 연합의 체계적 고찰 보고지침을 준수하여 진행하였다. 국내 데이터베이스를 통해 검색된 논문은 RISS 72건, KISS 11건, Dbpia 46건 총 129편이었으며, 중복논문 제거 및 선정기준에 따라 최종 9편의 연구를 선정하였다. 국내 간호대학생을 대상으로 플립러닝 수업을 적용한 결과 플립러닝이 간호대학생의 비판적 사고성향 0.91(Z=8.36, p<.001), 학업적 자기효능감 0.35(Z=2.62, p=.009), 자기주도적 학습능력 0.81(Z=6.53, p<.001), 학업성취도 0.60(Z=5.18, p<.001), 자기효능감 0.66(Z=4.79, p<.001) 향상에 효과 적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 플립러닝은 국내 간호교육 현장에 적용 가능한 효과적인 교 수법임을 확인하였고, 플립러닝 수업설계 방향성에 객관적인 근거를 제시하였으며, 향후 플립러닝에 긍정 적인 효과를 주는 다양한 결과 변인들의 효과를 통합적으로 분석하는 반복연구를 제언한다.

This study is a follow-up paper on “Development of flipped learning class model for nail beauty education” published by Seol (2022). This model was conducted from March to June 2022 for 70 students taking the “Nail color design 1” course. After 15 weeks of class, a survey of the students’ perceptions of flipped learning and their self-evaluation of goal achievement was conducted, which was composed of questionnaires using a 5-step Likert scale. 15 questions were designed to evaluate the students’ satisfaction with their experience and class operations; 4 questions to evaluate whether the class goal had been reached through flipped learning; and 9 questions to evaluate the students’ perceptions of flipped learning. As a result of applying this model to theoretical and practical nail beauty classes, it was confirmed that flipped learning helped students better understand the content and had a positive effect on learning, while the subject’s educational goals were also achieved. By evaluating the students’ perceptions of flipped learning, we may conclude that they experienced learning satisfaction and perceived the approach positively. Moreover, they have expressed a desire for additional flipped learning. This study is thus meaningful in confirming the procedure’s effectiveness by applying the flipped classroom model to theoretical and practical subjects with a focus on the nail beauty field, and showing how it achieved students’ positive perceptions and educational goals.

Flipped learning research has been applied in various educational fields since 2015 and the educational effects have been discussed in previous literature. In the beauty field, flipped learning research is insufficient; in particular, it is difficult to find research on flipped learning specifically concerning nail beauty education. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for applying flipped learning to nail beauty education which should involve practical training based on theory. Such an approach is considered effective. Data were collected and analyzed focusing on previous studies with flipped learning applied as a research method. The subject of the research is “Nail Color Design 1”, a common nail major elective subject at J college. The “Nail Color Design 1” course is a practice-oriented course in the form of theory and practical classes. Consequently, the flipped learning education model for nail beauty was designed by reflecting learners’ needs through the ADDIE instructional design model. It was applied based on the education structure of the Pre-class, In-class, and Post-class of the PARTNER instructional learning model. This study deviates from the traditional practical education model, and has educational significance as a practical model in which flipped learning is applied to nail beauty subjects and self-reflection is derived through project practice.

Purpose: This is a group pretest-posttest design study that aim to examine the effect of smart problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method using flipped learning to meta-cognition, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction level of nursing students. Method: The subjects were 76 students who took basic nursing practice, which is a major subject, from August 29 to December 13, 2018. A questionnaire was used to measure meta-cognition in web-based self-directed learning. The self-efficacy measurement used a scale consisting of self-regulating efficacy, task difficulty preference, and confidence. The measurement of practical satisfaction is a 5-point Likert scale that employs a questionnaire. Flipped learning uploaded a 10-minute lecture video, and the subjects learned through PC or smartphone. PBL teaching was developed in two modules: gavage and indwelling urinary tract. Results: Result showed a significant improvement of meta-cognition after education than before education (t=3.21, p=.043). Academic self-efficacy was not significantly changed before and after education. Practice satisfaction was significantly improved after training than before training (t=-2.19, p=.032). Conclusion: The smart PBL teaching method using flipped learning is an effective teaching and learning strategy for nursing majors. Nursing students with high meta-cognition will be able to perform well in their learning outcomes; therefore, this positive performance experience will enhance self-efficacy.

The aim of this study is to apply flipped learning in teaching General English courses in university and examine its impact on English self-efficacy and students’ English achievement. The researcher implemented flipped learning by recording videos based on the students’ textbook and up-loading those videos on the SNS before each lesson to provide opportunities for active interactions in class. The students of the experimental group (n=56) were required to learn through SNS the videos to learn in the pre-class. They also practiced what they had learned under the teacher’s supervision by completing collaborative tasks in groups or pairs. Meanwhile, the control group students (n=66) received in-class only traditional English teaching. The statistical analysis of the results showed that adopting the flipped learning strategy appeared to play a role in enhancing the students’ English self-efficacy and English achievement. Also the students’ responses indicated that their satisfaction towards the flipped learning is positive.

Cette étude vise à étudier les caractéristiques et la différence entre la classe traditionnelle et la classe inversée grâce à une analyse comparative de ces méthodes d’apprentissage. L’expérience a été réalisée sur un groupe d’expérimentation et un groupe de contrôle afin d’étudier l’effet de l’apprentissage inversé sur la motivation et la réussite scolaire des étudiants. Des outils de recherche tels qu’un programme d’apprentissage inversé et un questionnaire de motivation ont été utilisés. Les procédures d’étude comprennent, dans cet ordre, un pré-test, un processus expérimental et un post-test. Par la suite, le traitement des données a été effectué par un ‘test t’ réalisé sur un échantillon indépendant et un ‘test t’ réalisé sur un échantillon apparié. Les résultats montrent que l’apprentissage inversé a un effet positif sur la motivation de l’apprentissage. Par exemple, celui-ci a influencé l’amélioration des éléments de motivation tels que l’attention et la confiance. Par ailleurs, il a plus d’effet sur les élèves au niveau faible que sur les élèves de haut niveau dans les études académiques du français.

This study is aimed at looking into the effects of debate classes using flipped learning and suggesting a teaching method that uses flipped learning to improve Korean debating skills. With the aim in mind, this study was conducted on a total of 20 foreign adult students (10 in the experimental group, and 10 in the control group) in the spring semester of 2017. Those in the experimental group attended a debate class using both a conventional way of learning and flipped learning, and those in the control group attended a debate class on the same topic using a conventional way of learning only. Everything observed during the debate classes was transcribed and compared between the two groups. The findings revealed that those in the experimental group expressed their views and opinions on the topic more persuasively than those in the control group, and showed a significant improvement in debating skills. In addition, it was found that expressions and strategies used in the debating process were also significantly improved in the experimental group. In a survey and an interview conducted after the debate class, those in the experimental group answered that they were able to understand the topic better and thoroughly prepare for debating using the various materials provided prior to the debate class, and that the flipped learning class had a positive impact on their practical debating skills.

Le but de cette étude est de mesurer la pertinence et la faisabilité des classes « inversées » dans la conception de curricula de français dans les universités coréennes. Plus précisément, l'objectif était de répondre à quatre questions de recherche: (1) Quelle est l'attitude générale des étudiants coréens de français, face à leurs professeurs, leurs pairs et vis-à-vis du français? (2) Quelles sont les attentes des étudiants coréens vis-à-vis des classes «inversées»? (3) Quelles étapes de la conception des parcours sont les plus déterminants? (4) Dans le parcours proposé, quels sont les éléments les plus pertinents et quels sont ceux qui restent à améliorer? Selon le résultat de l'enquête, les étudiants coréens avaient des aprioris plutôt méfiants envers leurs pairs et leur professeur de français, mais aucun à l'égard de la matière elle-même. En outre, ils reconnaissaient l'influence prépondérante de l'enseignant dans leurs études de français. La prise de parole et la grammaire étant désignées comme les parties les plus difficiles de leur apprentissage. Enfin, beaucoup d'entre eux ont montré leur grand intérêt et des attentes élevées quant à l'efficacité de la classe dite «inversée».

본고는 현대 학습자들의 수업환경과 요구를 분석한 결과를 토대로 탄뎀학습법과 플립러닝 의 장점을 응용하여 접목시킨 “플립-탄뎀 중국어-한국어 수업모형”을 제안하였다. 본 모형은 탄뎀학습법과 플립러닝의 공통적인 학습원리인 자기주도학습과 협동학습을 기본 철학으로 삼 아, 플립러닝의 선행학습방법과 탄뎀학습법의 이중언어학습법, 그리고 과제기반학습법을 유기 적으로 연계하여 설계한 온-오프라인 블렌디드 모형으로서, 각각의 교수-학습법의 장점을 살 리고 부족한 점을 보완하여 좀 더 효율적인 수업모형을 개발하고자 설계하였다. 또한 모형을 적용하여 실시한 실제 수업사례를 소개하고, 본 모형을 활용함에 있어 발생할 수 있는 한계 점에 대한 몇 가지 방안을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 실시간 온라인으로 진행되는 학부 교양 초급 한국 어 수업에서 강의식 수업과 플립 러닝식 수업을 실시하고 각 수업 방 식에 대한 학습자 인식 및 수업 효율성을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 ZOOM에서 8주간 각 수업 방식을 적용한 한국어 수업을 진행하고 사후 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 학습자들은 강의식 수업보다는 플립 러닝식 수업에 긍정적인 반응을 보였으며, 강의식 수 업에서는 ‘어휘 및 문법’ 영역, 플립 러닝식 수업에서는 ‘듣기, 읽기, 쓰 기, 말하기’ 영역의 수업 효율성이 높게 나타났다. 이에 실시간 온라인 으로 진행되는 초급 한국어 수업의 효율을 높이기 위해서는 수업 환 경과 언어 영역의 특성을 고려한 혼합된 수업 방식이 필요할 것이다.

본 연구의 목적은 교사에게 국내의 플립러닝 연구를 통합하여 플립러닝 설계 및 실행시 고려해야할 요소에 대한 가이드라인을 제시하는 것에 있다. 이를 위해 국내에서 수행된 플립러닝 연구 95편을 선정하였고, CMA를 활용하여 메타분석을 실시하였다. 플립러닝 설계변인에 따른 효과크기를 산출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실험처치기간은 10주일 때 효과크기가 큰 것으로 나타났 다. 둘째, 토론시간은 25분-30분일 때 효과크기가 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 플립러닝 적용시 숙제가 부여될 때 효과크기가 통계적으로 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 사전 동영상은 교사가 직접 동영상을 제작하는 것보다 기존의 동영상을 활용하는 것이 효과적이었으며, 수업 시 사전학습여부를 확인하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 동영상시간, 사전학습을 하지 않았을 경우 대안 제시유무, 자기 주도적 학습활동 제공유무, 학습자 수준에 따른 활동 제공유무, 심화, 보충학습 제공유무, 오리엔테이션 제공유무에 따른 효과크기는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 플립러닝 설계 및 실행할 때 고려해야할 시사점을 제안하였다.

본 연구에서는 21세기 미래인재양성을 위해 대학교육이 다양한 교육방법을 도입하고 있는 상황에서 대학교수자의 성장과 변화에 대해 이해하고자 한다. 최근 들어 우리나라 의 대학교는 과거 어느 때보다 교육의 질을 개선하기 위해 구체적인 방안을 마련해야 하는 상황에 놓여 있다. 이에 따라 우리나라 대학교는 교육의 변화를 위해 다양한 노력 과 시도를 하고 있다. 그러나 교육의 변화는 교수자의 수업의 변화로부터 가능하다는 점 에서 대학교수자의 실천과 경험에 대한 탐구가 필요하다. 교육의 질은 곧 교사의 질이라 고 말하듯이 대학교육의 변화는 교수자의 경험에 대한 이해로부터 가능할 것이다. 이러 한 관점에서 연구자는 Flipped learning 방법으로 교과목을 개발하고 수업을 운영하는 교수자의 실천과 경험을 내러티브 탐구 방법으로 이해하려고 했다. 연구결과 연구 참여 자는 개인적 삶의 가치관에 기반하여 강의식 수업이 학생을 수업에서 소외시킨다고 보 고 한명의 학생도 소외되지 않는 수업을 지향하면서 Flipped learning 기반 수업을 운영 하고자 했다. 연구 참여자는 이러한 시각에서 수업 운영의 문제를 발견하고 고유한 해결 전략을 추구했다. 연구자는 이러한 연구 참여자의 수업 운영 경험을 이야기로 구성하여 독자가 자신의 수업을 성찰하고 다른 가능성을 인식할 수 있도록 했다.