Modified dapped end, precast prestressed double-tee slabs were considered in this research. It can facilitate insertion of service ducts at the dapped ends. The total depth of the floor slab may be reduced. In addition, the underside of the double-tee slab showed simpler appearance. Static three-point shear loading test was performed on full-scale specimens. And three modified single-tee slabs were analyzed by strut-tie model method. The specimen failed during the test in the same location as predicted by the strut-tie analytical model. The analysis of experimental results in comparison to the analysis results revealed that the experimental failure loads manifested 108% of analytical failure loads on the average.

The objective of this study is to propose a simple and accurate analytical model for HSS braces. For this purpose, a physical theory model is adopted. Rectangular hollow section steel (HSS) braces are considered in this study. To accurately simulate the cyclic behavior of braces using the physical theory model, empirical equations calculating constituent parameters are implemented on the analytical model, which were proposed in the companion paper. The constituent parameters are cyclic brace growth, cyclic buckling load, and the incidence of local buckling and fracture. The analytical model proposed in this study was verified by comparing actual and simulated cyclic curves of brace specimens. It is observed that the proposed model accurately simulates the cyclic behavior of the braces throughout whole response range.

In development of high speed Rigid conductor line(R-bar) over 250km/h, it is important to develop the method to anticipate the mechanical stability of the R-bar and of the transition structure which connects the flexible Overhead Contact Line. To do this, firstly, the FE(Finite Element) model for a transition structure was established and the initial deformed configurations due to gravitational force is obtained by a static analysis and the pantograph was modeled by a simplified mass-spring-damper system and the contact behavior between conductor and pantograph was defined by the penality method. Secondly, FE analysis results were reviewed with the test results of contact force between conductor and pantograph at the low speed of train. Finally, using the established analysis method, the evolution of contact forces was performed for a newly designed high speed R-bar and for its transition structure.

This paper aims to reveal the effects of the K-ε turbulence model on the performance analysis of battery cooling system for electric vehicle. The maximum temperature, the difference of temperature, and temperature distributions on the battery module were compared with and without K- ε turbulence model under the different flow rate. It was found that there was no need to apply K-ε turbulence model when the flow rate is over 500m3/h because the difference of maximum temperature is under the 6℃.

A behavior of FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer) panel in a steel frame structure was evaluated through the finite element analysis in this study. In order to numerical analysis, a experimental test results was used to develop a three dimensional finite element model of steel frame specimen. Numerical results of the steel frame specimen was well predicted the experimental behavior of steel frame specimen. Based on the developed three dimensional finite element model of steel frame specimen, the behavior of FRP panel in the steel frame specimen was evaluated. From the numerical analysis results, strength of the steel frame specimen with FRP panel was governed by FRP panel. Also, diagonal compression behavior governed the FRP panel in the steel frame specimen in the numerical analysis results.

The UV/chlorine process is a UV-based advanced oxidation process for removing various organic pollutants in water. The process is becoming increasingly popular because of its effectiveness in practice. It is important to the safe and efficient operation of a UV/chlorine process that the optimal operating conditions for both target removal objective and saving energy are determined. Treatment efficiency of target compounds in UV/chlorine process was mainly affected by pH and scavenging factor. In this study, kinetic based mathematical model considering water characteristics and electrical energy dose calculations model was developed to predict of treatment efficiency and optimal operating conditions. The model equation was validated for the UV/chlorine process at the laboratory scale and in pilot tests at water treatment plants.

본 논문에서는 온실 구조물의 구조 성능 검토 시 적합한 모델링 방법을 제시하기 위해 대상 온실 구조물을 선정하고 지점 및 접합부 조건 그리고 케이블 요소의 단면적을 변화시켜 가며 파라메트릭 스터디를 수행하였으며, 이들 파라메터의 변화에 따른 대상 구조물의 주요 모드 형상 및 고유진동수 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 대상 구조물에 대해 현장 가속도계 측정법을 이 용하여 상시진동을 계측하여 주요 모드 형상 및 고유진동수를 측정하여 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 이들 비교 결과로부터 대 상 온실 구조물의 해석에 적합한 모델링 기법을 제시하였다.

UPS system in the liquefied natural gas(LNG) receiving terminal is one of the fundamental equipment that need to sustain operation during earthquake. In this study, modal identification test of UPS system was performed based on IEEE Std. 693-2005 and natural frequencies and modal damping, mode shapes had been identified. In addition, tri-axial time history test was performed to check the behavior and stress of the equipment during earthquake. Eigenvalue analysis was performed and analysis model was modified by reflecting the results of the test. Static analysis by dead weight and response spectrum analysis were performed to compare the combined stresses with the stress results of test. Dynamic characteristics and combined stresses under seismic load condition of the improved analysis model were similar to the test results and in this regard the compatibility was proved.

Abstract: In this study, finite element analysis modeling is proposed to evaluate middle- and low-rise steel-frame buildings constructed in South Korea. Two steel-frame joint specimens with welding joint parts were constructed and evaluated. Two types of displacement load, monotonic and cyclic, were used to evaluate the steel-frame joint specimens. According to the experimental results, the maximum moment of the cyclic test results was 80% smaller than that of the monotonic test results. Local buckling was observed in the compression area of the H-beam flange. A finite element analysis model based on the experimental results was proposed to analyze the steel-frame joint specimens. The numerical results predicted the experimental behavior of the steel-frame joint specimens well. Therefore, it is possible to use the proposed finite element analysis model to evaluate middle- and low-rise steel-frame buildings constructed in South Korea.

The load-end slip relation of the steel-concrete decks is formulated by Newmark theory. Using the proposed load-end slip relation model, a simple bond model, which can be used to evaluate the behavior of the steel-concrete decks, is proposed. The steel-concrete decks are analyzed by finite element analysis with the aid of the proposed bond model. In the finite element analysis, the shear connectors between the steel plate and the concrete are modeled by a number of spring elements. The results of the finite element analysis with the proposed bond model are fairly correlated with the experimental results of the full-size model. This study furthermore indicates that, if the proposed bond model is properly used in the analysis of steel-concrete composite deck, the behavior of the composite deck can be easily analyzed without the aid of the full-size experiment.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a method for improving the accuracy of analysis results obtained from a twodimensional (2-D) numerical analysis model of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). METHODS: The analysis results from the 2-D numerical model of CRCP are compared with those from more rigorous three-dimensional (3- D) models of CRCP, and the relationships between the results are recognized. In addition, the numerical analysis results are compared with the results obtained from field experiments. By performing these comparisons, the calibration factors used for the 2-D CRCP model are determined. RESULTS : The results from the comparisons between 2-D and 3-D CRCP analyses show that with the 2-D CRCP model, concrete stresses can be overestimated significantly, and crack widths can either be underestimated or overestimated by a slight margin depending on the assumption of plane stress or plane strain. The behaviors of crack width in field measurements are comparable to those obtained from the numerical model of CRCP. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of analysis results from the 2-D CRCP model can be improved significantly by applying calibration factors obtained from comparisons with 3-D analyses and field experiments.

미국 AASHTO LRFD(AASHTO, 2012)나 국내의 도로교설계기준(2012)의 차랑충돌에 대한 교각설계기준을 참조하면 교각 설계 시 차량충돌에 대해 정적인 하중을 고려하도록 제시하고 있다. 한편 2003년 미국 네브래스카 주에 트럭이 교각에 충돌하여 교각 및 교량 상부구조가 붕괴되는 사고가 발생하는 등 차량충돌에 의한 교량붕괴사고는 홍수에 의한 교량붕괴사고에 이은 두 번째 요인으로 분류되기도 한다. 화물차량의 대형화와 도로시스템의 개선으로 인하여 이러한 사고가 발생할 가능성이 중가하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 교각 설계시 차량충돌에 대한 동적 해석을 수행하게 되면 많은 비용과 시간이 소요되어 실용적인 측면에서 연구결과가 쉽게 반영되지 못하고 있으므로 충돌해석 비용과 시간을 저감할 수 있는 모델축소법(model reduction)을 이용한 해석방법을 개발하였으며 그 효용성을 최종변위에 대해 직접충돌해석결과와 비교함으로써 평가하였다.

복층터널은 터널을 상하부로 분리하는 중간슬래브를 설치하여 상하층 모두 차량이 통행하기 때문에 기 존의 터널과 지하차도에 비해 더 많은 교통량을 수용하여 도심지의 교통정체를 해소할 수 있다. 또한 지 하공간을 활용하여 건설되기 때문에 지상의 녹지공간을 확보하여 환경을 개선할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하 지만 국내에서는 복층터널의 설계 및 시공기술이 부족하여 복층터널의 시공사례가 전무한 실정이다. 중간 슬래브는 그림 1과 같이 터널 라이닝에 설치된 브래킷에 지지되는 형식으로, 하부지반에 지지되는 도로포 장보다 그림 2와 같이 교각과 거더에 지지되는 교량 슬래브와 유사한 형식이다. 하지만 중간슬래브의 경 우 그림 3과 같이 지지점인 브래킷으로부터 멀어질수록 차량하중에 의한 처짐이 크게 발생하며, 교량 슬 래브의 경우 그림 4와 같이 교각으로부터 멀어질수록 처짐이 증가하는 차이가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복층터널 중간슬래브와 교량슬래브의 거동을 비교 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 복층터널 중간슬래브 설계 기준 정립 시 교량슬래브 설계 기준의 적용 가능성 검증과 복층터널 중간슬래 브 설계를 위한 해석모델 개발의 기반을 마련하고자 한다.

In order to increase seismic performance of nuclear power plant (NPP) in strong seismic zone, lead-rubber bearing (LRB) can be applied to seismic isolation system of NPP structures. Simple equivalent linear model as structural analysis model of LRB is more widely used in initial design process of LRB than a bilinear model. Seismic responses for seismically isolated NPP containment structures subjected to earthquakes categorized into 5 different soil-site classes are calculated by both of the equivalent linear- and bilinear- LRB models and compared each others. It can be observed that the maximum displacements of LRB and shear forces of containment in the case of the equivalent linear LRB model are larger than those in the case of bilinear LRB model. From the seismic fragility curves of NPP containment structures isolated by LRB, it can be observed that seismic fragility in the case of equivalent linear LRB model are about 5~30 % larger than those in the case of bilinear LRB model.

콘크리트충전강관(Concrete Filled Steel Tube, CFST) 기둥 설계 시, 강관의 국부좌굴을 방지하기 위하여 강관두께 t에 대한 기둥외경 D의 크기를 제한하고 있다. 각각의 설계시방서에서 각기 다른 최대 D/t 값을 제안하고 있으며, 강재의 항복응력 fy, 또는 fy와 강재의 탄성계수 E의 식으로 표현된다. fy와 E의 불확실성을 고려할 경우, 최대 D/t 계산식을 포함한 한계 상태함수(limit state function)를 구성하여 CFST 단면의 국부좌굴에 대한 신뢰성지수(reliability index) β를 산정할 수 있다. 결정된 β는 사용된 최대 D/t 계산식에 따라 달라질 것이다. 이러한 신뢰성해석(reliability analysis) 결과의 가변성(variability)은 한계상태함수에 포함되는 전산모델 선택의 모호함(ambiguity)에서 기인한 것으로 모델링불확실성(modelling uncertainty)이라 한다. 모델링불확실성은 정보적불확실성(epistemic uncertainty)의 하나로 알려진 불명확성(non-specificity)으로 고려할 수 있으며, 불명확성은 가능성분포함수(possibility distribution function)를 사용하여 모델링할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다른 3개의 최대 D/t 계산식을 사용하여 주어진 CFST 단면의 국부좌굴에 대한 신뢰성해석을 수행하고 각각의 신뢰성지수를 계산할 것이다. 불명확한 신뢰성지수들은 가능성분포함수를 사용하여 모델링되고, 이로부터 확신정도(degree of confirmation)를 측정할 것이다. 확신정도는 신뢰성지수가 감소하면 증가한다. 결과적으로, 확신정도에 따라 재구성된 신뢰성지수들을 얻을 수 있으며, 허용 확신정도와 함께 CFST 단면의 국부좌굴에 대한 신뢰성지수의 결정이 가능하게 된다.