This paper proposes the armored combat bulldozer, essential for amphibious tasks, requires water ingress prevention and submersion capabilities, typically addressed by a centrifugal pump. This study aims to boost the bulldozer's drainage pump efficiency by replacing the traditional aluminum 3-blade impeller with one made of ASA material using 3D printing. Analysis via ANSYS Fluent revealed that the 5-blade impeller increased discharge volume by 19.31% and efficiency by 6.07%, while the 6-blade variant saw a 27.07% increase in discharge volume and 8.81% efficiency improvement. Further scrutiny with ANSYS Static Structure ensured the new impellers' structural integrity and robustness under extreme conditions. This research confirms the potential of 3D printing in enhancing military equipment, demonstrating significant improvements in pump performance and opening paths for advanced manufacturing techniques to meet the demanding needs of combat vehicles.

Recently 3d printer industry has two demands. first is color 3d printing. second is mass production using 3d printer that has large bed. According to previous studies, 3D printed objects have different weights depending on filament colors. 3D printed tensile specimens with filaments of various colors were checked to see they had the same weight. If so, we wanted to see it was statistically significant. As a result, we found that the weight of 3D printed objects was statistically significantly different depending on the filament color. The average weight of 3d printed objects is: Black(8.63g), Blue(8.58g), Yellow(8.53g), White(8.48g), Natural(8.46g), Green (8.45g), Red(8.42g).

The SLA 3d printer is the first of the commercial 3D printer. The 3D printed output is printed hanging on the bed that move to the upper position. Sandblasted bed is used to prevent layer shift. If sandblasting is wrong, the 3D printed output is layer shifted. For this reason, 3D printer manufacturing companies inspect the bed surface. However, the sandblasted surface has variety of irregular shapes and craters, so it is difficult to establish a quality control standard. To solve problems, this paper presents a standardized sandblasting histogram and threshold. We present a filter that can increase the classification rate.

In this experiment, the error according to the measurement method was analyzed for the length, angle, radius of curvature, and diameter of the measurement system analysis using a profile projector device used in the field. One-way analysis was performed on each data tested 30 times using a statistical technique. Through the experiment, it was found that an error occurred in each data when measuring the angle according to the measurement method, and the null hypothesis that no error occurred when measuring the length, inside dia and radius was established.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FFF), is the most widely used type of 3D printing at the consumer level. The FDM 3D printer extracts thermoplastic filaments such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and Polyactive Acid (PLA) through heated nozzles to dissolve the material. It works by applying layers of plastic to build platforms. Various demands for 3D printers increased, and among these demands, there was also a demand for various filament colors. ABS, one of the main filamentous materials for 3D printers, is easy to color in a variety of colors and has been studied to meet the needs of these users. Through quantitative measurements in this work, we confirm that color differences remain depending on the difference in placement on the 3D printer bad. In addition, the temperature of the specimen was measured at the start of 3D printing, during manufacturing, and at the completion of manufacturing, and the inner and central sides remained similar, but the outer sides were 5 degrees lower. These temperature differences accumulate as layers pile up, resulting in differences in weight or color, which in turn meet consumer and producer needs in the 3D printer industry.

The purpose of this study was to establish the optimum experimental conditions by investigating the relationship between the nine experimental conditions using Taguchi technique. Through experiments, we found that the weight, thickness, and length of the sample were most affected by the angle at which the sample was installed, while the width had the largest influence on the sample's x-axis and the inner diameter. It was confirmed. Therefore, through this experiment, it was confirmed that the installation angle of the product had the greatest influence on the error occurrence of the product during 3D printer processing.

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Various attempts are being made to converge new industries with IT industry to find new growth engines in the field of IT, maximizing efficiency in terms of productivity. 3D printers are also related to this, and various studies have been conducted worldwide to utilize them in the construction industry. At present, there is an active effort to study atypical structures using 3D printers. The most widely used method is the use of glass panels, however, the additional cost of the manufacturing process and thus the overall project cost cannot be ignored. In addition, the construction of the curvature of the existing two-way curved surface in the conventional flat joint method is not suitable for implementing an amorphous shape. In this paper, we propose an optimized shape through Abaqus analysis of various shapes of Space Truss interior using 3D printing technology using polymer.

FDM 3D Printer is used in maker space for mass production by the maker. Makers desire to manufacture products in a variety of colors using ABS Filaments. The purpose of this study is to identify the relation between the color of resin and each position on the bed. So, when printed using the 3D Printer, we found out the difference in the colors that it appears depending on the position of the bed. To see the difference in color, basic, blue, yellow, white, and black were selected and the bed plate was divided into three sections. Specimens were measured to obtain delta E values between each sections by the chromatic differential system. Obtained delta values were analyzed by the NBS system. As a result, the delta E value of black was found to correspond to “Appreciable”. In most cases, delta E values between the middle and the outer or the inner and the outer was greater than values between the middle and the inner. Using Infrared Thermal Camera, We found that the color difference relates 3D printing positions and temperatures. As a result, the 3D printing bed positions should be considered when 3D printing mass production.

우리나라에서는 콘크리트 구조물의 미적외관에 대한 관심이 미비했으나, 2013년에 경관법이 개정되면서 콘크리트 구조물의 미적외관을 개선하는 노력이 의무화되었다. 이전 연구에서 콘크리트 폼라이너를 제작하기 위해서 대형 3D프린터를 개발하였다. 대형3D프린터로 제작한 폼라이너를 통해서 콘크리트 구조물 측면에 미적 패턴 또는 그림을 효과적으로 만들 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 1)적층출력방식(FDM)으로 3D프린팅된 시편의 비등방성을 고려하기 위한 시편실험를 수행하고, 2)유한요소해석 통해서 3)제작한 폼라이너의 안전성과 사용성을 검토하고 4)제작된 폼라이너에 제작 시 필요한 권장사항을 제시한다.

In this study, the heating block for 3D printer has a problem that heat is transferred to the filament guide portion to dissolve the filament, thereby preventing the filament from being discharged quickly out of the nozzle. In order to solve these problems, the cladding with different thermal conductivity was fabricated and the heating block was manufactured. The properties of the fabricated clad material and the surface temperature of the fabricated heating block were measured and the following conclusions were obtained. As a result of modeling thermal analysis of the heating block made of the clad material developed in this study rather than the existing heating block, the surface temperature of the filament guide portion was predicted to be lower than the surface temperature of the heating portion. The shear strength of the clad material developed in this study was measured and the average value of 82.8 MPa was obtained. The thermal conductivity of the existing heating block was 237W/m K at 300K. The thermal conductivity of the heating block made of the clad material ⋅ developed in this study was 81.416W/m K, which is lower than the conventional thermal conductivity. The ⋅ surface temperature of the heating block made of the clad material developed in this study is 172.3℃, which is lower than that of the conventional heating block. Future research is to evaluate the thermal distribution by using a metal with a lower thermal conductivity than carbon steel and by cladding pressure, evaluating the physical properties of the clad material, and fabricating it as a heating block.

In the Korean fashion industry, 3D printing systems are considered as new technology and a new opportunity. With 3D printers, consumers can be manufacturers and individuals can develop businesses with little upfront capital. In this study, a dress form for the typical Korean women’s body shape was developed using 3D technology (3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing). Ten women with apparel sizes 85-91-160 were selected from 3D body-scan data collected by SizeKorea of 201 women aged 25 to 34 (2010). First, 15 horizontal cross-sections were collected from the 3D scan data of the 10 subjects. Then, inside lines of those cross-sections were drawn at 15-degree intervals, and the lengths were measured. The average of the inside lines was connected to the internal spline curve, and the curves were used as the average cross-sections. The average torso body and the dress form of Korean women were developed into a 3D solid model using a 3D CAD program (Solidworks 2012). An output mockup was printed by the FDM type’s 3D printing system (Bonbot 1200, Bonbot 3-H4) using PLA material. The dimensions comparing the 3D solid modeling to the 3D printed mockup of the dress form were measured, and minor differences were between 0.00cm and 0.40cm. In the future, 3D printing systems are expected to be in use for various personalized dress forms.

본 연구에서는 야외 방사선투과검사 시 방사선작업종사자의 맞춤형 차폐체 제작을 위해 3D 프린터 필라 멘트의 재질 및 두께에 대한 차폐 분석을 수행하였다. MCNPX를 이용한 모의 모사를 통해 복셀 선원 192Ir, 75Se를 선택 후 ICRU Slab Phantom에 차폐체를 부착하고, 선원과 Slab Phantom의 거리를 100 cm으로 설정 하였다. 12 개의 차폐물질에 대하여 차폐물질이 없는 경우부터 200 mm 까지 5 mm 단위로 나누어 각 차폐 물질별 단위 질량 당 흡수되는 에너지를 평가하였다. 그 결과 모든 방사선투과검사용 감마선원에서 ABS + Tungsten, ABS + Bismuth, PLA + Copper, PLA + Iron 순으로 차폐 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 납에 비해서는 다소 낮은 차폐 효과를 보였다. 향후 본 연구를 토대로 원자번호와 밀도가 높은 필라멘트 재료에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

전산화 단층촬영 장치의 정 도관리 항목 중 하나인 환자 피폭선량 피폭 시험은 의료법 제38조 특수의료 장비 설치 및 운영에 따라 1년마다 측정을 시행하고 기록을 보관해야 한다. 선량 측정을 위해 사용되고 있는 CT-Dose 팬텀은 정확한 선량 측정이 가능하지만 가격이 비싸다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 기존의 CT-Dose 팬텀을 3D프린터로 유사하게 제작하여 기존의 팬텀과 비교 분석하고 유용성을 알아보았다. 기존의 CT-Dose팬텀과 동일한 팬텀을 제작하기위해 PLA 필라멘트를 이용하여 FFF 방식의 3D프린터를 이용하였으며, CTDIw 값을 산출하기 위해 팬텀의 주변부와 중앙부에 이온챔버를 삽입하여 각 10번씩 측정 하였다. 측정결과 주변부는 CT-Dose팬텀 30.44 ± 0.31 mGy, 중앙부는 29.55 ± 0.34 mGy CTDIw값은 30.14 ± 0.30 mGy로 측정되었고, 3D프린터를 이용하여 제작된 팬텀은 주변부 30.59 ± 0.18 mGy, 중앙부 29.01 ± 0.04 mGy, CTDIw값은 30.06 ± 0.13 mGy로 측정되었다. SPSS 통계 프로그램의 Mann- Whiteney U-test를 사용하여 분석한 결과 중앙부의 결과 값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었지만 주변부와 CTDIw의 결과 값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로, 3D프린터를 이용하여 제작된 팬텀으로 기존의 CT-Dose 팬텀과 유사한 선량측정 성능을 보였으며, 본 연구를 통해 3D프린터를 이용한 저비용의 팬텀 제작의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

This paper presents the development of a 3D printer based piezo-driven vertical micro-positioning stage. The stage consists of two flexure bridge structures which amplify and transfer the horizontal motion of the piezo-element into vertical motion of the end-effector. The stage is fabricated with ABS material using a precision 3D printer. This enables a one-body design eliminating the need for assembly, and significantly increases the freedom in design while shortening fabrication time. The design of the stage was optimized using response surface analysis method. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate 100nm stepping in the vertical out-of-plane direction. The results demonstrate the future possibilities of applying 3D printers and ABS material in fabricating linear driven motion stages.

우리는 불과 15년 전까지만 하여도 2차원적 이미지를 컴퓨터에 입력하여 편집 또는 변형을 통해 원하는 평면의 이미지를 얻어내는 시대를 거쳐 왔으며 실 사진처럼 인쇄된 평면이미지에 놀라움을 감추지 못했었다. 또한, 지금까지의 3차원적 아이템은 출력의 목적보다는 입체영상, 가상현실 또는 평면적 프린트를 위한 목적이 대부분이었으며, 극소수의 경우만이 목업(mock-up)을 위한 3차원의 수리적 타당성을 시뮬레이션(simulation)하기 위함이었다. 이것은 지극히 대량생산을 위함이었으며 개인의 필요성에의해 행해진 3차원적 조형과정은 아니었다. 그러나 지금의 시대는 3차원이라는 거대한 시대적 이슈에 힘입어 급기야 개인적 용도를 위한 3차원 출력이 가능한 시대를 맞이하였다. 즉, 개인적으로 필요한 소량의 소도구들을 3차원 플라스틱 등으로 프린트하여 사용할 수 있게 되었다는 의미인 것이다. 하지만 아직은 이러한 3차원 프린터의 등장에 많은 호기심을 보이고 있으나, 일반인이 접하기에는 많은 장애 즉, 활용에 있어서의 이론적 정보 및 하드웨어적 특성에 따른 기술적 정보 등이 부족한 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구는, 현재 가장 일반적이며 보급형 3차원프린터인 Fused Deposition Modeling(이하 FDM)방식의 프린터에 있어서 어떠한 원리와 특성을 가지고 있는지 고찰하고, 실험을 통하여 나타난 다양한 문제점의 제시와 함께 온도 및 아세톤의 분사에 의한 표면처리 등을 이용한 해결방안을 제시함으로써 급속히 진화하는 3차원프린터에 우리 디자이너들이 대응하고 각자의 창작활동에 응용해 나아갈 수 있는 작은 디딤돌이 되고자한다.