This study evaluates the determinants of Cambodia’s agricultural product exports from 2004 to 2023 across 35 major export destinations using the gravity model approach. During this period, China accounted for the largest share of export value, followed by Vietnam, France, Malaysia, and Thailand. Cambodia’s GDP and the GDP of its trading partners positively influenced the country’s agricultural exports. Moreover, the historical status of export destinations as former French colonies facilitated Cambodia’s export flows. In contrast, exchange rates and geographical distance negatively affected Cambodia’s agricultural trade. This study confirms the existence of significant untapped export potential between Cambodia and its trading partners. To optimize its agricultural exports, Cambodia can benefit from processing agricultural products before export. Therefore, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) should actively support and promote investment in the agricultural processing industry to enhance the country’s international competitiveness. Additionally, the RGC and policymakers should strategically select export destinations through favorable trade negotiations and focus on the effective implementation of existing export policies.

한국건설기술연구원은 2016년 캄보디다 공공사업교통부 요청으로 건설인프라 및 건설관리 체계 현대화에 대한 기술설명회를 수행하였 으며, 2017년 국토 인프라 건설 분야 기술협력 및 캄보디아 건설기술연구원 시범 운영 지원을 위한 협력 MOU를 체결, 2018년에는 지 속적인 상호 호혜 협력 관리를 위한 캄보디아 현지에 공동사무실을 개소하였다. 국토교통 ODA 사업은 2018년 개최된 한-아세안 인프 라 장관회의에서 캄보디아 공공사업교통부(MPWT, Ministry of Public Works and Transport)에서 대한민국 국토교통부에 캄보디아 도로 건설 및 관리체계 현대화를 위한 지원을 공식적으로 요청하여 2020년부터 40억원 규모의 국토교통 ODA 사업으로 『캄보디아 도로건 설 및 관리체계 현대화 사업』을 지원하였다. 사업 추진체계는 국토교통부, 해외건설협회에서 발주하여 한국건설기술연구원(정부출연 연구기관), 한국도로공사(공기업)이 컨소시엄으로 구성하여 수행하였으며, 캄보디아측은 공공사업교통부(MPWT) 정부 주도하에 신생 조 직인 산하 공공사업교통연구소(TSIPWT)와 협업하여 지속가능한 도로건설 및 관리체계 현대화 사업을 추진하였다. 사업의 주요내용은 ①도로포장 건설 관리체계 현대화 ② 지속가능한 자립형 캄보디아 도로포장 기술시험소 설립 지원 ③ 시험 기자재 및 현장조사 장비 공여 및 운영 노하우 전수 ④캄보디아 도로포장 기술시험소 시범운영을 통한 자립화 ⑤ 해외사업 및 기술역량강화를 위한 인재 양성 으로 구성되어 있다. 본 사업은 2020년에 6월에 착수하여 2023년 10월에 수행하였으며, 캄보디아 정부 또한 미래 세대를 위한 지속가 능한 도로건설 및 관리체계 자립화의 초석으로 본 국토교통 ODA 사업이 성공적으로 수행되었으며, 양국 간 적극적으로 협력하고 있 으며, 2단계 사업을 2025년부터 2027년까지 3년 간 수행할 예정이다.

The system of rice intensification (SRI) has been proposed as a way of transitioning towards more sustainable rice farming. In rainfed rice farming, however, various environmental constraints often make SRI practices challenging to adopt. We conducted an on-farm experiment in 30 rainfed lowland fields to examine the technical efficacy of SRI in southern Cambodia during the wet seasons of over three years of 2012, 2013, and 2015. Across the three years, the SRI practices produced significantly greater plant biomass and grain yield than non-SRI. We ascribed the yield increase to the increased number of grains per land area as the increased number of spikelets per panicle rather than the number of panicles per land area. With no significant difference in seedling age between the SRI and the non-SRI, we attributed the more substantial number of grains per panicle to the reduced planting density, increased manure application, and reduced amount of inorganic fertilizers in SRI fields. Our results suggest that the advantage of the SRI lies in the efficient use of internally available soil nutrients, whose mechanisms need quantitative understanding through future studies.

In 2006, Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI) bred a high-quality tomato ‘Neang Pich’ variety. Since ‘Neang Pich’ is susceptible to Sclerotium rolfsii (S. rolfsii), it is severely affected the production major tomato growing regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seven S. rolfsii tolerant rootstocks on growth and yield in graft cultivation of ‘Neang Pich’ tomato. ‘Neang Pich’ seedlings were used as scion and non-grafted control. Six eggplant genotypes (‘2017053’, ‘2017062’, ‘17CJVC2’, ‘No. 80’, ‘VI041979A’, ‘VI041996’) and a commercial tomato variety (‘Hulk’) were used as rootstock. The grafted and non-grafted tomatoes were grown in a plastic greenhouse and open field. The survival rate of plants did not differ between plastic greenhouse (80.2%) and open field (79.5%). The top and root fresh weight of plants grown in a plastic greenhouse increased by 77% and 11% compared to the open field and the dry weight increased by 48% and 10%, respectively. The top (309 g) and root (18.9 g) fresh weight, and the top (90.5 g) and root (6.39 g) dry weight depending on rootstock were the highest in plants grafted onto ‘2017062’. The yield of tomatoes in a plastic greenhouse (19.5 MT/ha) was 65% higher than that of open field (11.8 MT/ha). The yield of tomatoes depending on rootstock were the highest in ‘2017062’ (17.8 MT/ha). The effect of cultivation practice and grafting on pH and sugar content (oBrix) of the fruit was non-significant difference (p0.05). The scion diameter, top fresh weight, fruit weight and yield (MT/ha) were significant difference (p0.05) in the interaction effect between tomato cultivation practices (plastic greenhouse and open field) and rootstock.

Two new species, Stericta jaeshini Kim & Bae, sp. nov. and S. atroaurantiaca Kim & Bae, sp. nov. are described from Laos and Cambodia. About 50 species of the genus Stericta have been recorded from Southeast Asia, but it has not been recorded to occur in Laos and Cambodia previously. We record the presence of this genus in these two countries for the first time in this study. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of examined species are provided.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the forage maize varieties and sowing date under wet seasons conditions and determined the effects on yield in Cambodia. In this study, the number of days from sowing to silking was approximately nine longer in May and June than in July, August, and September. The number of days from silking to harvest was seven shorter in May and June than in July, August, and September. The variety with the least decrease in ear height was ‘BT5666’, and the variety with the least decrease in ear height ration was ‘CP888’. On the other hand, in sowing days, ear height ratio decreased in September. The best sowing season in ear length, ear width, number of ears and number of grains per row was in May. In this study, ‘BT5666’ was the variety with significant decrease with a 90% reduction in yield. The results indicate that the yield was high during the sowing period in May and in June because of the appropriate precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation. However, August and September had significantly reduce in yield by high precipitation and low solar radiation.

본 연구는 남부 캄보디아 Takeo주에서 수분환경에 의한 벼 생태 환경이 다른 농가를 대상으로 벼 작부체계, 벼 재배법 및 비료 관리에 대한 결과이다. 저지대 천수답 지역, 저지대 관개수로 지역 및 감수지역의 작부체계는 양상은 상당한 차이 를 보였다. 또한 조사지역에 있어서 품종, 육묘일 수, 재배 방법, 비료 관리 등 상당한 차이를 보였다. 특히 면적 당 종자 사용량과 질소 비료 사용량은 KampongReab코뮌이 각각 305 kg/ha과 121 kg/ha로 질소 비료는 권장량을 훨씬 초과를 하였다. 이는 제한된 관개공급과 직파 재배에 의한 원인으로 볼 수 있다. 반면 Popel코뮌의 면적 당 종자 사용량과 질소 비료 사용량은 각각 71 kg/ha와 36 kg/ha로 질소량은 권장량과 비슷하였다. 최근 이 지역은 농촌지도 활동과 NGO 활동이 가장 높은 지역으로서 새로운 농업기술이 즉 SRI가 많이 보급 되어 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서 주목할 점은 현재 캄보디아의 농촌의 발전은 현재 진행이다. 따라서 향후 캄보디아 농촌 개발계획에 있어서 수분과 지형에 따른 재배법 등에 정확한 목표를 두고 해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

The Korean Astronomical Society (KAS) Education & Public Outreach Committee has provided education services for children and school teachers in Cambodia over the past three years from 2016 to 2018. In the first year, 2016, one KAS member visited Pusat to teach astronomy to about 50 children, and in the following two years of 2017 and 2018, three and six KAS members, respectively, executed education workshops for ∼ 20 (per each year) local school teachers in Sisophon. It turned out that it is desirable to include both teaching of astronomical knowledge and making experiments and observations in the education in order for the program to be more effective. Language barrier was the main obstacle in conveying concepts and knowledge, and having a good interpreter was very important. It happens that some languages, such as the Khmer of Cambodia, do not have astronomical terminologies, so that lecturers and even the education participants together are needed to communicate and create appropriate words. Handout hardcopies of the education materials (presentation files, lecture/experiment summaries, terminologies, etc.) are extremely helpful for the participants. Actual performing of assembling and using astronomical telescopes for night sky observations has been lifetime experience for some of the participants, which might promote zeal for knowledge and education. It is hoped that these education services for developing countries like Cambodia can be regularly continued in the future, and further extended to other countries such as Laos and Myanmar.