본 연구는 일반농산어촌개발사업의 사업내용 중 하나인 농촌중심지활성화사업으로 준공에 이른 농촌 커뮤니티 시설의 주민조직 직접 운영에 따른 운영성과와 농촌 커뮤니티 시설에 미치는 영향요인을 분석 하여 문제점을 도출하고 개선방안을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 또한 전라북도 농촌중심지활성화사 업으로 준공에 이른 농촌 커뮤니티 시설 중 주민조직에 의해 운영되고 예산이 비슷하며, 비교가 가능한 부안군 보안면, 김제시 금구면, 임실군 강진면을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 설문지는 배포 후 회수하는 방법으로 수집하였으며, 일반현황과 독립변수의 측정지표에 근거한 리커트 7점 척도를 통해 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 설문결과는 설문에 대한 응답자의 일반현황, 빈도, 백분율 분석, 측정 문항의 신뢰 도 분석을 위해 크론바흐의 알파 값 계수법 분석, 세부 측정지표별 설문조사 분석, 연구가설 검증을 위한 다중회귀분석, 세부 운영성과의 차이를 분석하기 위한 일원배치 분산분석과 사후검정을 실시하였다. 연구가설과 리커트 7점 척도를 통한 연구의 결론은 측정문항의 신뢰성이 인정되었으며, 농촌 커뮤니티 시설의 주민조직 직접 운영은 시설의 운영성과에 영향을 미치고 있다. 성공적인 운영과 운영성과를 제 고 및 개선하기 위해서는 다양한 계층들의 이용에 있어 편리하도록 환경관리 및 시설의 설비에 최선의 노력을 기울여야 한다. 또한 시설 운영의 주체인 주민조직의 기능을 강화하여 지역의 공동체 교류공간 이 되도록 주민조직과 지역주민이 직접 관심을 가지고 참여하여 주민조직만의 공간을 확보하는 것이 중요하다. 이 연구를 통해 시설의 편리성과 개발의 유연성을 유지하여 다양한 계층의 주민들이 이용함 으로써 운영성과를 높일 수 있는 요인이 된다. 다양한 운영 주체 중 주민조직 직접 운영을 통한 주민들의 역량 강화 및 지역사회 발전과 공동체 의식을 공고히 할 수 있는 발판이 마련될 것이다.

그간 공공정책을 수립･추진하는 과정에서 국가기관과 지방자치단체, 지역주민 등 여러 이해관계자의 이해가 충돌하고 갈등이 심화하여 사회적 경제적 손실을 초래하고 있다. 교정시설 이전･신설에 관한 공공갈등도 마찬가지이다. 이로 인해 우리 사회에 있어 필수시설이라 할 수 있으나 비선호시설인 교정시설의 이전･신설을 둘러싼 공공 갈등이 좀처럼 줄어들지 못하고 있다. 이러한 공공갈등이 자발적･합리적으로 해결될 수 있는 제도를 갖추고 있지 못할 경우 당사자 일방이 정부기관이라 할지라도 갈등 해결은 지연되며, 이로 인해 사회적 비용도 과다해질 수밖에 없다. 따라서 다른 해외 국가의 사례가 시사하는 바와 같이 공공정책의 수립･시행 단계에서부터 절차적 공정 성과 투명성을 확보하여 지역주민과의 신뢰관계를 바탕으로 대화와 타협을 통하여 갈등을 최소화할 필요가 있다. 관련하여 2020년 정부가 「갈등관리기본법안」을 국회에 제출하였는데, 이를 통해 향후 공공정책의 수립･시행 단계에서부터 절차적 공정성과 투명성이 확보되어 더욱 확실한 지역주민과의 신뢰 형성을 기대할 수 있다는 점에서 본 법률안의 성립을 기대한다. 또한 비선호시설인 교정시설에 대한 국민인식을 제고 해야만 교정시설의 이전･시설이 가능해지고, 이러한 전제하에 지역친화적 인식개선 활동 강화, 지역친화적 교정시설의 건축, 교정시설에 대한 객관적 정보제공 등과 같은 다양한 지역상생 방안의 도입과 기존 활동을 충실히 할 필요가 있다.

교도소와 구치소와 같은 교정시설은 범죄인을 격리·구금하고 교정·교화하여 사회에 복귀시키는 국가가 운영하는 교육시설이다. 교정시설은 신축한 후 통상 30-40년이 경과하고 시설이 노후화 되고 협소하거나, 현재의 교정시설 주변이 도시화의 진전 등으로 인해 지자체 지역주민들의 이전요구로 보다 외곽지역으로 신축·이전이 추진되고 있으며. 최근에는 경찰서 대용 구치시설 해소를 위해 교정시설이 신축되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 10년간의 교정시설 신축 이전사례를 중심으로 그 유형을 ① 대체적으로 계획에 따라 추진된 사례, ② 지방자치단체의 적극적인 지원·협조로 순조롭게 추진된 사례, ③ 지자체 및 지역주민들이 교정시설 신축을 적극 유치한 사례, ④ 지자체 및 지역주민들의 반대로 지연･중단되고 있는 사례로 구분하여 각 사례별로 특성을 정리하고 교정시설의 바람직한 신축･이전 사업과 지역사회 상생방안을 제시하였다. 그 방안으로 지방자치단체의 적극적 협조와 지원, 지역사회 주민 친화형 상생모델 제시, 교정시설 이전을 대신한 재건축･리모델링 추진, 법원･검찰청･구치소의 통합 법조타운 조성 추진, 신축·이전 대상 교정시설의 일정연한경과제 실시, 교정시설의 중층화 및 도시미관을 고려한 사회 친화적 설계 등을 제시하였다. 최근 군비행장, 한전 발전소, 폐기물 처리시설 등과 교도소·구치소는 비선호시설로 인식되어 입지단계부터 주민 반대 등으로 사업추진에 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 우리사회에서 법원, 검찰청, 경찰서와 함께 교정시설은 반드시 필요한 형사사법시설이며 국가 주요시설이다. 따라서 교정시설의 신축·이전사업도 병원 등 의료시설이나 교육시설, 상업시설, 사회체육시설 등의 선호시설처럼 보다 효율적으로 원활하게 추진되어야 할 것이다.

이 연구는 지역사회의 교정시설 기피현상과 그 극복방안에 관한 것이다. 교정시설은 우리 사회 어딘가에 반드시 필요하지만, 우리 지역에는 안 된다고 하는 님비현상으로 인하여 그 신축·이전 사업 추진이 원활하지 못하다. 어렵더라도 지역사회 주민들에게 경제적 혜택을 직접 제공하는 것으로 해결하려는 것은 바람직하지 않다. 갈수록 장기화·고비용화·복잡화되고 있는 공공갈등의 존재를 인정하고, 주민의 요구를 수용하는 자세로 정부가 적극적으로 개입할 것이 요구된다. 사후적·결과적·효율적·사법적 갈등 해결 보다는, 사전적이고 과정을 중시하며 민주적이고 형평을 강조하면서 당사자 간 협상을 통하여 갈등을 해결하여야 한다. 지역사회를 포섭대상으로 간주하고, 교정시설 건축에 대한 예산 지원을 확대하며, 적정한 행정절차를 준수하고, 갈등을 민주적･사전적인 방법으로 관리하며, 갈등관리 전문가를 배치하고, 갈등영향 분석을 실시하는 등의 방법이 필요하다. 이로써 지역사회와 교정시설이 상생하고 국가의 형사사법 절차가 원만하게 운영되어야 할 것이다.

To analyze main factors of size planning of community facilities that were created as part of development of a rural area, the present condition of factors deciding size of community facilities was analyzed, factors that influence size planning by the type of community facility were drawn with Delphi anaysis. The results of analyzing the present condition of size planning factors of community facilities show that facilities have been generally planned as multi-purpose and multi-functional facilities. And on the basis of the purpose of facilities, their functions and organization, and their operation programs, facilities are classified into community-centered, agritourism-centered, and combined ones. Using Delphi analysis, major factors that could affect size planning of community facilities were drawn on 26 community-centered, 28 agritourism-centered, and 30 combined. And the factors tended not to be applied well for size planning of community facilities.

Land price can be affected by convenience or psychological repulsion like PIMFY (Please In My Front Yard) or NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) for various facilities. Services related to public establishment, welfare, medical attention, and amenities in rural areas are comparatively poorer than those in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to estimate the implications of the accessibility to community facilities in rural areas for land prices using a hedonic price model. The accessibility to facilities is estimated by real road distances and the land prices are applied for four types of land usages: field, rice paddy, building lots, and village halls. Community facilities are classified from public and community services view: education, safety, culture, transport, environment, health care, and finance. The results show that the accessibility to health care and transport can positively affect land prices and the accessibility to environment (waste facilities and junkyard) and unpleasant services (funeral hall and charnel house) can negatively affect land prices. Especially, the accessibility to hospital is the most positive influential factor for all types of land usages.

Although the frequency of use for community facilities in rural villages is growing as well as the importance of the facilities for urban-rural exchange is being highlighted, study on spatial location-analysis of the facilities for such multi-purpose is not so much. This study aims to find the spatial distribution forms of community facilities in rural villages such as community center and rural-pocket park through location-analysis, in order to provide available data for selecting location in the future. As the study area, Sojeong-myeon, Sejong Special City was selected. This study conducted GIS analysis for criteria of the location-evaluation model developed in this study. This study introduced the concept of time-distance for accessibility analysis. This paper also used linear-consecutive scoring method(LCSM) as a scoring method of criteria and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method for weighting values of criteria. The application results showed that the new model can generate the intensity of community facilities according to spatial distribution and accessibility from cities to the facilities.

Rural villages have many problems such as the collapse of rural village communities with continued over-depopulation and aging, reduced functions of towns and villages, deteriorated services with changes in the structure of settlement class and decreased use of the facilities. they also have difficulties in maintenance in spite of the increase of the roles of rural village community facilities. Various plans for the utilization of community facilities to promote the vitality of rural villages and the revitalization of communities have been needed. Thus, this study aimed to offer basic data to seek for future plans to utilize community facilities and reconstruct communities through an analysis of the current uses of energy and community facilities in rural villages. The results indicated that the consumption of petroleum was highest in mountain villages at an average of 187,475 won/month(137ℓ), followed by fishing villages at an average of 144,142 won/month(104ℓ) and rural villages at an average of 126,070 won/month(93ℓ). The rate of utilization of community facilities was reversely highest in rural villages at 84.3%, followed by fishing villages at 61.1% and mountain villages at 40.7%. This research also found that households saved energy when they used community facilities and areas with a high rate of utilization of community facilities at a lower average temperature in winter. It saved approximately 33% energy compared to other areas. Finally, efficient and economical methods for community facilities in villages to be newly developed and the remodeling of existing facilities should been needed in the future to contribute to reconstructing rural village communities that face a crisis of maintenance or abolition.

In this study this author made research and analysis on physical status and characteristics of community parks in Ik-san provinces and also depending on its potential resources such parks were classified into constructed parks and unconstructed parks and status of use of such parks and level of satisfaction were studied. Through this paper this author strived to provide basic data required for forming green track of land for the parks. Required time for visiting community parks either constructed or unconstructed type was within 40 minutes or less. However constructed parks appeared to be more convenient for access in comparison with natural unconstructed parks. Mostly they were used by residents in neighboring community and also residents in the area around it were found as using it frequently. At the time of using community parks either constructed or unconstructed types means of access were mostly by walking or by riding bicycles. Thus considering large number of users of such parks are from neighboring community it appeared that parks with its simplicity and convenience in terms of distance and with rich nature were preferred by users rather than large scale parks at distance. In terms of time frame of use and motivation of visit constructed parks were used mainly for exercise and relaxation in the morning at parks and its facilities whereas unconstructed parks were mostly used in the afternoon for for walking and chatting and rest under with time to spare at shadows of its trees. Time spent at parks were composed mostly of rest and walking more frequently than exercise and leisure activity thus it was different from motivation for visiting parks. As for evaluation of use of parks natural elements, unique environment, trees and lawns featured highly in unconstructed parks in comparison with constructed parks. Thus it seemed visitors are more conscious of forest and landscape in a form of unchanged nature. Thus for community parks first consideration should be heightening accessibility in view of primary concern for convenience by users rather than facilities or environmental conditions.

Community facilities in most rural villages have many problems in the aspect of their size or functions as well as they are generally too superannuated to support diverse community activities; which results in a low degree of inhabitants' satisfaction with community facilities, and inconvenience for using them. Therefore, it may carefully be said that it's time to need the established studies that are necessary with consider to community facilities which can reflect inhabitants' diverse activities. In this study, 5 places which the most common events among the major monthly events of total 25 rural villages were held were selected as the subject place for survey; and then investigated, by means of the participant observation method, the using behavior of inhabitants who used community facilities. Focusing on size, factors, and layout that were being faced by community facilities in most rural villages, This study investigated the number of users, the characteristics of traffic line and behavior, and the using behavior by group; through considering their correlation with the physical setting of community space, it deduced the problems of use; and it proposed the direction of improvement on the basis thereof. Therefore, this study will serve in the future as useful basic materials for designing a rural village's community facilities in consideration of size, factors and layout which can appropriately support inhabitants' community activities.

This research aims to find processes for developing the design language for the visual notes and design meaning of street furnitures. The result of this study are as follows. 1) The design language implies to get how to represent condensed symbols of the street furnitures. 2) The configuration of the street furnitures has their visual note and design meaning of community identity, represented their own detail design languages. 3) The detail design languages are useful to solve the matters of what design elements of the street furnitures can be composed of the visual notes and design meaning. 4) The detail design languages can be applied to the pattern of tools of Microsoft Office Word.

As almost community facilities in korean rural village have being showed signs of decrepitude, and have a lot of problems on scale and function, it hasn't made full use of almost community facilities. To resolve these problems, it is time to make different plan considered of elements, scale and function in community facilities. In this study, after being researched the present condition and interviewed local residents on target 25 administrative districts, it was sought diverse problems about community facilities and researched satisfaction measurement, activity of local residents. With Being based on this, we also drove from essential element about community facilities in korean rural village and sorted problems of community facilities as general disposition-structure-outdoor facilities-behavioral use. Therefore, it was applied to study area and ascertained the existence of problem. Thus, we found out the improving way for appropriate community facilities in korean rural village. It will be useful to make different plan for community facilities in korean rural village.

The purpose of this study is to increase the utility in terms of the elderly's welfare. The data introduced in this paper were collected by the constructed interview method, and 192 aged interviewees were selected from 4 rural areas: Namhaegun, Uiryeong-gun Imsil-gun and Sunchang-gun. From the descriptive analysis of the data, the results derived are as follows: 1) The financial supports are needed to remodel rural village community facilities as senior centers. 2) It is expected that the facility be a center for the aged people's living in a village, and that have multiple functions of general care service network health care, meal support and making friendship spaces for them. 3) Share housing function is also added to the facility in emergency conditions.

Rural Korea has been becoming heavily aged societies from the end of 20th century due to the massive depopulation of young generation and extension of the average span of human beings. Although rural communities in Korea had been traditionally based on closely webbed social relations, almost all of community self-help organizations disappeared in recent time with very strong urbanization trend. However, almost all rural villages in Korea have the village seniors' union -'NO-IN-HOE' in Korean speaking- of which members usually use, operate and maintain community facilities in terms of voluntary base. Using these facilities, most of public/common/private services and community activities have been being served or provided. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the usage tendency of community facilities and needs of the rural elderly and to propose the improvement strategies for their optimum usage. For this purpose, data was gathered both from community (107 villages) and individual level surveys(881 older people). The statistical method used for data analysis was descriptive statistics. The major findings were as follows : It was found that the dominant family type of the rural elderly was elderly-only household (75%) with very limited economic capability. There are 2~3 common community facilities with village including the seniors' center -'KYOUNG-RO-DANG' in Korean speaking. Many of the elderly (74%) use the center once or twice per week. There are several rooms in the center, like as kitchen bathroom and health room, of which usage frequency differs respectively. Many rural elderly want assistance from out-of-village for good maintenance and free use of these facilities.