미연방도로관리청에서 개발한 SSAM 프로그램은 미시적 교통시뮬레이션 모형과 자동화된 상충분석 기법이 결합한 모형으 로 교통사고 분석과 관련하여 다양한 사고변수를 고려하고, 자동으로 상충분석 작업을 수행한다. 하지만 시뮬레이션 기반으 로 상충분석을 수행하기 때문에, 실질적으로 회전교차로에서 발생하는 상충을 판단하기에는 한계점이 존재한다. DFS(DataFromSky)는 드론 또는 고정형 카메라 영상으로부터 차량, 보행자, 자전거 등 교통객체를 자동 인식하여 교통 영상 데이터를 분석하고 시각화하는 소프트웨어로, 객체 유형 분류, 개별 객체 단위의 위치, 속도, 가속도 등 정보를 추출하고 전 체 주행 경로를 시공간 데이터로 저장한다. 회전교차로를 포함한 다양한 교차로의 형태, 교통환경에 가상의 분석 요소인 Gate, Lane, Traffic Region 등을 성정하여 맞춤형 분석이 가능하다. 따라서 본 연구는 영상 기반 교통데이터 분석 플랫폼인 DFS(DataFromSky)를 활용하여 시뮬레이션 가정이 아닌 실제 영상 데이터를 활용함으로써 운전자 행태, 비정형 움직임 등 혼합 교통 상황에 따른 회전교차로 내 상충분석 연구를 진행하였다. 회전교차로 진·출입시 발생하는 차량의 차로변경, 회전 교차로 내 급감속 횟수 등을 통해 회전교차로 개선 전후에 따른 교차로 내 안전성을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 2차로형 회전교차로 개선 대상지 중 6개 지점을 선정하여 사전·사후 드론 영상 촬영을 진행하였다. 드론 영상을 통해 회전교차로를 진출입하는 차량의 궤적자료를 추출하고 회전교차로 진출입 속도, 가속도, 차로준수율, 회전차로 내 급감속 횟수에 대한 분 석을 수행하였다. 본 연구결과, 2차로형 회전교차로 개선 후 회전교차로 진·출입부 차로준수율이 증가하였으며, 회전차로 내 차로변경 횟수가 감소하는 등 교통안전 향상 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이를 통해 회전교차로 내 상충이 줄어들어 교 통 안전성이 더욱 향상될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This thesis provides background information on DFS carried out by the government in an effort to reduce the accident rate, cases of DFS in other advanced countries to study their risk detection, risk assessment, risk control measures, and cases in which application of DFS during the designing phase succesfully led to reduction of the accident rate. Till now, the focus has been on incident responses after the occurance of accidents, it describes the importance of considering safety during the desining process through safety results and cases.

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurnas (PCDFs) in stack gas were analyzed from 21 municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWs) using high resolution gas chromatography equipment with a high resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) in 2015. The concentration of PCDDs/DFs was in the range 0.09 ~ 354.54 pg-TEQ/Sm3 based on the International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I-TEF) and all MSWs complied with emission standards. The congener distribution of PCDDs/DFs was categorized into one group and two outliers via principal component analysis (PCA). Among the 17 PCDDs/DFs, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD showed the highest mass fraction (20.8%) and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF showed the largest TEQ contribution (42.9%).

The use of electrical and electronic products made of low specific gravity and easy processing plastics has increased alongside industrial development. As these products were abandoned, environmental problems such as Dioxine and Furan began to rise. Accordingly, through long-time reviews and discussions, the EU has implemented the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) regulations. In addition, the Stockholm Convention was adopted in April 2011 to regulate wastes containing brominated flame retardants. Therefore, the Basel Convention issued technical guidelines and environmentally friendly treatments for wastes containing brominated flame retardants. Proper management and treatment plans that are suitable to Korea’s circumstances are required for Korea to respond to both conventions and changing trends in international POPs management. In this regard, the study identified domestic and international trends in environmental regulations and usages, obtained fundamental data for the management of waste containing brominated flame retardants, and investigated the current status of waste generation in Korea. The results of analyses were used to make a lab-scale incineration reactor as the basis for setting incineration temperature ranges for experiments. After incineration, five general air pollutants (O2, CO, CO2, SOx, and NOx) and three components of BRFs in emission gases and flooring were analyzed to identify whether the PBDEs in waste can be destroyed in a stable and environmental manner during heat treatment. In the analysis, HRMS was used for PBDEs and GC/MS/MS for TBBPA and HBCD. PBDD/DFs was proportionally increased in facilities that had high concentrations of PCDD/DFs during incineration. In conclusion, wastes containing brominated flame retardants in Korea can be incinerated in an environmentally friendly manner.

Recently, serious construction site accidents are increasing. At present, the accident rate of the whole industry is 0.5 ('15), while the accident rate of the construction industry is 0.75 ('15), which is 50% higher than the accident rate of the whole industry. In order to reduce the accident rate of the construction industry to the level of the accident rate of the whole industry, there are various methods such as compliance with specifications, drawing and specification, thorough supervision of management, most importantly, it is necessary to recognize that the safety management of construction work is not the work of the builder only, and that it is the task of all participants of the construction work (contractor, designer, builder, construction management). In addition, it should be based on the institutional part to support that. As a part of this, design for safety was introduced to prevent disasters occurrence in construction work. Design for safety was introduced to prevent disasters occurrence in construction work. In this study, we intend to elaborate domestic and overseas institutions and revitalization plans.

Recently, serious construction site accidents are increasing. At present, the accident rate of the whole industry is 0.5 ('15), while the accident rate of the construction industry is 0.75 ('15), which is 50% higher than the accident rate of the whole industry. In order to reduce the accident rate of the construction industry to the level of the accident rate of the whole industry, there are various methods such as compliance with specifications, drawing and specification, thorough supervision of management, most importantly, it is necessary to recognize that the safety management of construction work is not the work of the builder only, and that it is the task of all participants of the construction work (contractor, designer, builder, construction management). In addition, it should be based on the institutional part to support that. As a part of this, design for safety was introduced to prevent disasters occurrence in construction work. Design for safety was introduced to prevent disasters occurrence in construction work. In this study, we intend to elaborate domestic and overseas institutions and revitalization plans.

Establishment of emission concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in emission gases from 85 domestic crematories were measured. The relationship between PCDDs/DFs and several factors such as structure, equipment and operational state of the crematory is discussed. Furthermore, emission of PCDDs/DFs from all crematories in korea is estimated. The following results are obtained: (1) total concentration (2,3,7,8- substituted isomers) of PCDDs/DFs was 0.113 ~ 14.34 ng/ Sm3, whose TEQ concentration was 1.815 ng-TEQ/Sm3; (2) total emission of PCDDs/DFs from crematories in korea was estimated to be 1.815 g-TEQ/yr.

In this study, PCDDs/DFs concentrations in flue gases from 58 crematories and in fly ashes and bottom ashes (mainly bone) from several crematories were measured to grasp the present state of PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. The effects of several factors were discussed to prevent PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. Total concentration of PCDDs/DFs was ranged from 0.113 to 87.461 ng/Sm3 and toxic equivalent concentration was ranged from 0.019 to 15.347 ng-TEQ/Sm3. As the results obtained in this research, the following measures to reduce PCDDs/DFs emission are recommended for existing crematories: (1) keeping the temperature at < 800oC or < 850oC in main/secondary chambers during a whole cremation, (2) lowering the temperature in the dust collector, (3) installing the high efficiency dust collector and reducing dust concentration to less than 0.02 g/Sm3, and (4) installing the sampling point for monitoring of PCDDs/DFs.

Establishment of emission standard of dioxins from crematories has been needed for their efficient management in korea. In this study, we investigate related regulation, guideline and management of crematory at home and abroad. Either dioxin legal basis or management of countries are compared and analyzed respectively. Crematories were distributed 51 place all over the country and total 265 crematories have been operated in 2000. Korea crematories have been operated 3 steps; incineration, cooling in furnace and collection of bone. This process is similar with Japanese process. But European process is different steps; incineration, keeping the temperature of furnace and collection of bone. In case of Korea, the resynthesis of dioxins in the cooling process due to the dioxin emissions higher than European process. This study has suggested three emission standards of dioxins from crematories based on survey of foreign standards and korean measurement data. The 1st suggested standard is 10 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in present facility, 5 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in new facility, the 2nd suggestion is 5 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in present facility, 1 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in new facility and the 3nd suggestion is 0.5 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in present facility, 0.1 ng-TEQ/Sm3 in new facility. When 2nd suggestion apply, at 2020 dioxin emissions(0.779 g-TEQ/yr) is expected to be approximately 71% reduction compared to 2010 year.

This study aims to monitor the variation of concentration of PCDD/DFs between the gaseous phase-particulate phases in the ambient air of urban area in Korea. This monitoring is evaluated by using the Junge-Pankow model and the Koa absorption model with the application of the Octanol-air partition coefficient. In this study, the ambient air samples were analyzed according to each congener group of the PCDD/DFs by HRGC/HRMS, which have been investigated for the past 5 years. In the results, the annual variation in the concentration level of ∑PCDD/DFs in TSP was increased from 1588 fg/㎥ in 1998 to 5123 fg/㎥ in 2002, and from 31 fg I-TEQ/㎥ to 94 fg I-TEQ/㎥ in the ∑I-TEQ. In the case of PUF of gaseous phase sample, their variation was increased from 1615 fg/㎥ in 1998 to 2237 fg/㎥ in 2002, and in the ∑I-TEQ from 12 fg I-TEQ/㎥ to 17 fg I-TEQ/㎥. The relative coefficient between the gas phase concentration of PCDD/DFs and the temperature was a value of 0.744; the contributive rate of the temperature to the gaseous phase concentration was 0.554. According to the results, the pattern of the coefficient of distribution based on log PL0 is similar to the ambient air of the urban areas.