과거 삼각교통섬은 교차로 안전성 향상, 차량 소통 원활화 등 긍정적인 이유로 전국적으로 설치되었다. 하지만 최근에는 고속주행 하는 우회전 차량과 보행자의 상충으로 인한 안전성 문제, 협소한 크기로 인해 보행자 대기공간으로서 제대로 된 역할을 하지 못하고 불필요한 횡단 횟수를 증가시켜 보행자 편의를 저해하는 문제 등 다양한 부정적 이슈가 제기되고 있다. 이에 따라 기설치 시설의 개 선 필요성을 제시하고, 문제의 원인이 설치준거와 설계기준의 미흡함에서 기인하여 이들에 대한 개선 조치가 필요하다는 연구가 진행 된 바 있다. 본 연구는 교통안전과 소통을 모두 고려하여 삼각교통섬을 설치 및 개선할 수 있도록 근거를 마련하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 국내·외 삼각교통섬 설치준거 및 설계기준을 비교·검토하고, 설치 현황 분석 및 철거·개선사례 조사를 통해 전반적인 현황 을 검토한다. 검토한 내용을 바탕으로 쟁점사항을 도출하고 항목별 분석을 통해 최종적으로는 삼각교통섬 설치준거 및 설계기준 개선 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Reducing underwater radiated noise from a ship is a critical issue for ensuring the survivability of the vessel. As high-speed signal processing and interlocking algorithms become more sophisticated, the heat intensity of shipboard equipment is increasing per unit volume. When designing shipboard equipment, it is necessary to consider the trade-off between heat dissipation and noise reduction. Following an analysis of the trade-offs, it was determined that the arrangement of Fan Ass'y A and B exhibited excellent noise and heat dissipation characteristics. Based on this, PWM control operating zones were derived. It was determined that the placement of Fan Ass'y A and B in the operating zone would increase the PWM duty cycle from 33% to 58% using a signal frequency of 25kHz band with guaranteed reliability. This would increase the noise by approximately 9dB(A) but reduce the internal board reference temperature by up to 15℃.

Sabotage on nuclear power plants are of great national and social significance and long-term damage, the IAEA’s “Nuclear Security Recommendations on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225/Rev.5) provides a standard direction for physical protection of their nuclear facilities in almost all member countries, including Korea and the United States. In the United States, Federal Law 10 CFR Part 73, Sections 73.40 to 73.57 specify requirements for physical protection of nuclear power plants, performance criteria, physical protection systems and components thereof, core information, and physical protection for key activities related to nuclear power plant operations. Accordingly, the USNRC carefully examines whether the plant meets the physical protection objectives and criteria set out in SRP 13.6.2, whether the core area/protection area is properly set up to protect against internal and external physical attacks, sabotage threats, and what design measures and facilities are being set up for these areas. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), established in 2002 following the 2001 World Trade Center attacks, authorized federal, local governments, and authorities National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) to protect facilities from terrorist attacks and man-made physical attacks in 2007. NIPP clarifies the great principles and governance of the physical protection of national infrastructure in the United States presented by DHS. There are many physical protection design guidelines and technical standards for preventing attacks from terrorists or internal and external sabotage attackers, improving the viability of mitigating the damage in case of emergency, and achieving efficient recovery from such damage. Particularly important, small-scale damage/damage at a particular location of a major facility is extended to the entire facility, resulting in asymmetrical large-scale damage, so-called “Progressive Collapse” under initial attack loads, minimizing local damage, and protecting the building’s integrity through isolation from other structural components. Consequently, this paper deal with physical protection system design on Unite states standards and practices for applying to physical protection system design in Republic of Korea.

Seismic designs for Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs) under earthquakes’ design basis are noticed due to the recent earthquake events in Korea and Japan. Japan has developed the technologies and experiences of the NPPs through theoretical research and experimental verification with extensively accumulated measurement data. This paper describes the main features of the design-time history complying with the Japanese seismic design standard. Proper seed motions in the earthquake catalog are used to generate one set of design time histories. A magnitude and epicentral distance specify the amplitude envelope function configuring the shape of the earthquake. Cumulative velocity response spectral values of the design time histories are compared and checked to the target response spectra. Spectral accelerations of the time histories and the multiple-damping target response spectra are also checked to exceed. The generated design time histories are input to the reactor building seismic analyses with fixed-base boundary conditions to calculate the seismic responses. Another set of design time histories is generated to comply with Korean seismic design procedures for NPPs and used for seismic input motions to the same reactor containment building seismic analyses. The responses at the dome apex of the building are compared and analyzed. The generated design time histories will be also applied to subsequent seismic analyses of other Korean standard NPP structures.

이 연구에서는 국내 설계기준인 KBC 2016, 미국 기준 ASCE 7-16, 국제 표준 ISO 4354:2012의 고층건물 설계를 위한 풍방향 풍하중을 비교 분석하였다. 각 기준에서 사용하는 기본풍속, 풍방향 풍하중의 가스트영향계수 산정 과정과 이를 구성하는 평균 성분, 비공진 성분, 공진 성분의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. ISO에서는 10분 평균 풍속과 3초 가스트 풍속에 의한 두 가지 하중 산정법을 사용하며, 고층건물에서는 10분 평균 풍속에 의한 산정법이 하중을 6% 더 크게 산정한다. 10분 평균 풍속을 사용하는 KBC 풍하중은 ISO 평균과 거의 일치하였으며. 3초 가스트 풍속을 사용하는 ASCE 7-16은 ISO 피크보다 6% 작게 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 차이를 줄이기 위한 개선사항들을 제시하였다.

This study reviews concepts, theories and formulas included in standards on soil-structure interaction and also shows practical example of application for engineers. Real structures are 3 dimensional and multi degree of freedom but they are often idealized to single degree of freedom for convenience. In this study, detailed procedures to calculate soil spring constants and damping coefficients and method to model soil-structure system are explained. Additionally, case studies to judge fixed base condition and evaluation of applicability of simple analysis method based on response spectra are performed.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study theoretically reviews vertical grade deriving process in super high speed environment and compares overseas design criteria with Domestic Standardization also draws suitable vertical grade design criteria of high standard for Domestic Circumstances in Korea. METHODS : By researching domestic vehicle registration status, calculating typical vehicle, using Vissim which is traffic simulation program, Speed-distance curve of the vehicle is derived under each design speed condition. Through Speed-distance curve, estimating critical length of grade and considering critical length of grade, maximum longitudinal incline is proposed. RESULTS : The result of domestic vehicle registration status, the typical vehicle for deriving vertical grade is calculated based on gravity horsepower ratio 200 lb/hp. For calculating critical length of grade, according to change speed of uphill entry, speed-distance curve is derived by using Vissim. Critical length of grade is calculated based on design speed 20 km/h criteria which is point of retardation. Estimated critical length of grade is 808 m and based on this result, maximum longitudinal incline was confirmed in the design speed between 130km/h to 140km/h. CONCLUSIONS: The case of the typical vehicle(truck) which is gravity horsepower ratio 200 lb/hp, maximum longitudinal incline 2% is desirable at the super high speed environment in the design speed between 130km/h to 140km/h.

정부는 교통사고 사상자를 절반으로 줄이기 위하여 생활권 보행자 안전 확보를 위한 안전대책을 선정하여 추진 중에 있다. 주요 추진내용을 살펴보면 중앙선 침범 및 무단횡단 예방을 위해 도심형 중앙분리대 설치기준 마련이 포함되어 있어 기준마련을 위한 연구가 매우 시급한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보행자 및 중앙선 침범 교통사고 분석, 도심형 중앙분리대에 대한 형식 및 성능기준, 최소 횡단구성 연구를 통한 설치 기준에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 도시부 차량 불법유턴, 보행자 무단횡단 사고를 줄이고자 시선유도봉을 개조한 도심형 중앙분리대는 차량용 방호울타리의 강한 방호기능을 가질 수 없기 때문에 차량과의 충돌 후 파손되어 부재이탈이 발생하게 되면 2차 사고 등을 유발하게 되어 교통안전에 부(-)의 효과를 가져 올 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 주행안전성 측면을 고려해 볼 때 도심형 중앙분리대를 설치할 경우 중앙분리대 폭 1.0m 이상을 확보해야만 시설물 파손이나 차로 이탈을 방지할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 단, 부득이 도로 폭이 좁아 용지확보가 곤란한 경우 0.5m 이상 노면표시만 설치한 경우에 한해 도심형 중앙분리대의 설치를 할 수 있다. 또한 현재 중앙선 위에 시선유도봉이나 도심형 중앙분리대를 설치하는 것은 운전자 실수에 의한 중앙선 침범을 유발할 가능성이 높고 이로 인해 시설물 파손의 가능성이 높아 중앙선 위에는 표지병 이외의 시설물 설치를 금하는 것이 바람직하다.

Web-based DB design standards of the Reservoir Failure Forecasting System are proposed in order to actively respond to the user’s work changes, various sensors, and business logic, and increase the system usability by reducing logic changes and client maintenance through minimal interface changes.

Web-based DB design standards of the Reservoir Failure Forecasting System are proposed in order to actively respond to the user’s work changes, various sensors, and business logic, and increase the system usability by reducing logic changes and client maintenance through minimal interface changes.

This study was carried out to design New Certification of Floral Arrangement based on the National Competency Standards to Using Competency Map. Currently the industrial base certification systems, not academic base, are emphasized. Because the industrial base certification system were derived by job analysis of industrial sites. The data were gathered by direct survey on industrial fields and internet homepages of HRD Korea and Q-net etc. and verified by brainstorming on the expert FGI and interview on the flower design industries. Certification events were 2 items such as ‘Unit Floral Arrangement L2’ and ‘Unit Floral Arrangement L4’, and critical duties and optional duties, and levels and required study time were derived. And Competency Map and lifecycle certification development paths were conducted, and the objectives and subjects, required time of education and training for expert and qualification of technical certification. In this study result, the certifications upto level 5 were suggested, if social and legal system would be served the certification level 8 or below could be developed and suggested. Finally news jobs, such as spatial floral arrangement and eco-friendly floral arrangement, are needed to be suggested and competency maps inked into unit flower design and certification events were developed.