This study analyzed the impact of Higher-order resources on profit sustainability for domestic companies using a mathematical statistical model. Higher-order resources refer to resources that do not directly affect profits but influence other resources that directly contribute to profits. As a result of analysis using 30 years of actual data from more than 650 domestic companies, the average duration of competitive advantage including high-order resources was found to be about twice as long as the period suggested by the autoregressive model excluding high-order resources. Through this, if companies want to earn more profits over a long period of time than their competitors, they must not only possess resources that are more valuable, rare, difficult to imitate, and non-substitutable compared to their competitors, but also that higher-order resources can contribute to changes in these resources over time. It was confirmed that it must lead the long-term profit difference. High-level resources include strategic planning, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) capabilities, and good forecasting.

Expanding exports of small and medium-sized companies is crucial for the continuous growth of the Korean economy. Therefore, the government operates various support systems to enhance the export capabilities of these companies. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Korean government's flagship export support system, known as the export initiation support system, on the performance of participating domestic companies. A fixed effect model using panel data was applied to examine the characteristics of 11,099 companies that participated in the export initiation support system from 2016 to 2019. The analysis revealed that the number of exporting countries, employees, and previous export volume had a significant impact on the export amount of participating companies. However, contrary to expectations, the number of overseas marketing participation and the GCL (global competence level) test did not show a significant impact. This study is significant as it provides implications for the development of support projects tailored to the specific needs of small and medium-sized companies, with the goal of improving the export support system.

본 연구의 목적은 심화되는 글로벌 경쟁 속에서 국내 방산업체 수출의 선순환 구조 마련을 위한 글로벌 부품공급망 진입방안을 모색하는 데 있 다. 아울러 어떻게 맞춤형 방산 부품 수출을 활성화할 것인가에 대한 정 책 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 글로벌 부품공급망의 이론적 논의를 바탕으 로 국내 중소방산업체의 현황을 분석하고 세계 방산시장으로 진출하기 위해 다음과 같은 방향을 제시한다. 첫째, 방산수출 규모의 지속적인 확 대를 위해서는 수출지향적인 방위산업 정책의 확대 시행, 신시장 개발을 위한 권역별‧국가별･품목별 정보망의 확보, 중소기업군을 포함한 국내 방 산업계의 글로벌 경쟁력 강화 조치가 시급하다. 둘째, 방산 부품 수출 활 성화를 위해서는 품목을 다양화하고 글로벌 방산기업의 부품공급망에 진 입하여 완성품뿐만 아니라 수리부속, MRO, 잉여장비 등 수출품목을 다 양화할 수 있는 지원제도 보완이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 중소기업이 국 내의 체계기업 협력업체로 참여하는 수준에서 벗어나 특화된 기술력을 갖춘 경쟁력 있는 기업으로 성장할 수 있도록 중소·벤처기업의 글로벌 부품공급망에 참여할 수 있는 지원이 필요하다. 마지막으로 산업·금융 등 다양한 분야와의 연계가 요구되는 상황에서 수출지원을 위한 전문기관· 인력 등 인프라는 여전히 부족하므로 수출 인프라의 보완이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is first to understand whether technology innovation capability, which is considered an important factor in the Root companies, directly affects the business performance of the company. Second, it was attempted to determine whether internal resources deemed necessary for a company's continuous competitive advantage and excellent business performance play a mediating role in the technological innovation capability of the Root companies and the business performance. The implications of this study derived from the research results are as follows: Among the elements of technology innovation capability, R&D capability, positively affects both financial and non-financial performance. It was confirmed that the investment ratio could positively affect financial performance such as sales, market share, and yield, and non-financial performance such as corporate image, employee satisfaction, and productivity. Among the factors of technology innovation capability, the technology innovation system positively affects both financial and non-financial performance. Therefore, it can be said that securing rights to owned technology, establishing technology and funding, efficient use of resources, etc., affects financial performance such as sales or market share of a company, and affect the company's production capacity, image, and employee satisfaction. It has been verified that internal resources, including financial, physical, and human resources, can mediate between the three elements of technology innovation capability and corporate financial and non-financial performance.

Even though the red pepper is one of the most important seasoning vegetables in Korea, the volume of usage of domestic red pepper has shrunk due to decrease in consumption. Thus, researchers and government officers need to seek for solutions to extend usage of domestic red pepper of food processing industry which consumes considerable amount of it. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors of the usage of domestic red pepper in food processing companies using cross-tabulation analysis and multiple regression model and to find the implications for promoting the usage of domestic red pepper. The results of studies present that specific characteristics of food processing companies affect the usage of domestic red pepper, including size of sales, shape of company, food product processed by company, human organization for purchase of food material, registered trademark, and support of government. This study also suggests that government needs to offer more supporting programs to sauce industry and improve the system of program to promote the usage of domestic red pepper.

Nowadays, container transport services play a substantial role in global cargo transportation by serving as an intermodal between the exporter and importer. Container shipping has become increasingly important over the past few decades due to its obvious advantages. However, Vietnam's container market has shown severely ongoing competition among numerous domestic and foreign shipping lines resulting in serious consequences occurring such as the freight rates substantially decreasing within the last ten years. In fact, Vietnam's sea lanes have become more defensive to cover the losses of shipping companies. Selection of criteria for competitive evaluation of container transport companies is necessary to help recognize the problems within the enterprise especially relating to its position in the market and from here, business management are able to put strategic plans in place and reasonable policy in order to be able to survive and grow.

According to Software Quality Assurance (SQA) and the Human Centred Design (HCD) guidelines for e-navigation by Maritime Safety Committee of International Maritime Organization, software quality related activities and practices will be in demand in the maritime field. To provide high quality software and a usable system to users, e-navigation SQA is supported by Republic of Korea. After merging with the HCD as suggested by Australia, it has been endorsed as IMO Circ.1512 in June 2015. To apply SQA to the maritime industry, it needs to achieve the current status of maritime software related industries. This article introduces the IMO Circ.1512 and the progress of e-navigation SQA so far including the international workshop held in Busan, Korea as previous accomplishments. Also, the result of a survey on the status of software quality management of the Korean domestic maritime IT related industry will be described. The purpose of survey is to find out how SQA is dealt with in domestic industry, what experiences the industry have had so far and what software project related issues they have. The questionnaire is composed of two parts. The first part mainly deals with fundamental knowledge about the scale of the company and the number of development teams s. The second part consists of three sub-parts with Quality Management, Configuration Management, and Process Management. Otherwise, several questions are surveyed with respect to engineering tools for SQA and education support. Approximately 150 cases were gathered. The outcome of the survey shows some points that both of industry and government can contemplate for the future.

This study was an exploratory research to classify the types of green fashion marketing of the fashion companies in South Korea and analyse the present cases of each type. To analyse the current cases of green fashion marketing strategies, we researched all sorts of newspapers, magazines, publications of fashion companies, and web sites from 2008 to 2009. As a result, we categorized 5 types of green fashion marketing as follows ; eco-friendly fabrics (natural fabrics, recycled fabrics, biodegradable fabrics), re-use or re-form(reuse after cleaning and/or repairing and reformation through transformation and combination of raw materials), green certifications(ISO 14001, GOTS, OES, etc.), eco-friendly management and operation, and green marketing promotions. Based on the results, we proposed the green marketing strategies for fashion companies to progress toward the proper direction of green marketing. First of all, companies should escape from the narrow view point limited to the product itself. Then they have to focus on developing and execution of sustainable merchandising, manufacturing, logistics, and waste strategies.

We compared colony development and survival rate after artificial hibernation between the bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, produced from domestic and foreign companies. The number of worker and queen produced from foundation colony of three domestic and one foreign companies was 232.4-270.8 and 62.0-181.8, respectively, but there was no statistical difference. in colony development of B. terrestris queens which were terminated diapause by CO₂ narcosis at different companies, oviposition rate, colony foundation and progeny-queen production of bumblebees produced from domestic companies were superior to those from foreign company. But foreign company in the number of worker and queen was superior to domestic companies. On the other hand, survival rate and colony development of B. terrestris queens, which were terminated diapause by artificial hibernation at three domestic and two foreign companies, were no significant differences. These results indicate that oviposition, colony foundation, progeny-queen production, and survival rate after artificial hibernation showed no differences between the bumblebees produced from domestic and foreign companies.

In the policy management of the safety&health, the environment and the quality, the documentation of the management system is required in every international regulatory guides. In case of 3 level classification of the system documents, it generally will be identified such name as the manual, the procedure and the job instruction. Each document has the unique role and usage though, the job instructions, especially, would be developed to support the practical job worker. So, the job instructions should be reflect the latest know-how of the job-handling methods. And that, it should be used at any times by the practical job worker. This study is planned to survey the actual usage status of the job instructions of the domestic enterprises, and tried to suggest the effective way of maintaining the documents.

Currently, container transport services play a substantial role in global cargo transportation, by serving as an intermodal between exporter and importer. Container shipping has become increasingly important over the past few decades, due to obvious advantages. However, Vietnam's container market has shown severely ongoing competition among numerous domestic and foreign shipping lines, resulting in serious consequences occurring such as freight rates substantially decreasing within the last 10 years. Vietnam's sea lanes have become more defensive, to cover losses of shipping companies. Selection of criteria for competitive evaluation of container transport companies is necessary, to facilitate addressing the problems within the enterprise, especially relating to its position in the market and from here, business management can implement strategic plans and reasonable policy, to survive and grow.

역량을 집중시키고 기업 비용절감을 도모하고 고객에 대한 서비스 의 질을 향상 시키는 등의 노력을 하여야 한다. 그중에서 기업들 은 자사의 역량을 핵심 분야에 집중시키고 나머지 부분들은 아웃 소싱을 통해 기업비용 절감을 실현시키는 방법에 관심을 기울이고 있고 특히 물류 부문의 아웃소싱에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 이유는 우리나라 기업물류비가 선진국에 비해 월등히 높다 는 것 때문이다. 이와 같은 높은 물류비는 대외적으로 수출상품의 가격경쟁력 약화와 무역수지 악화를 초래하고, 대내적으로는 물가 상승 요인으로 작용하여 우리경제에 큰 부담이 되고 있어 국가 경 쟁력 강화를 위해 물류비 절감이 절실히 요구 되고 있다. 이러한 상황의 해결책으로 대두되고 있는 것이 바로 제3자 물류기업으로 의 아웃소싱이다. 이에 따라 현재는 전문물류업체 등장과 함께 많 은 기업들이 자사물류에서 제3자 물류로 전환하고 있다. 하지만 화주기업들이 제3자 물류기업들에게 통합적인 물류서비스를 위탁 하는 경우는 많지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 제3자 물류기업 현황과 문제점을 분석하고 프랜차이즈 기업 본 아이에프의 제3자 물류 활성화에 대한 사례를 통하여 향후 발전방안을 제시하였다.

The international oil majors have been reducing the size of their own oil tanker fleet since early 1980s. Like international oil majors, the Korean refineries are becoming more dependent on tanker chartering rather than tanker ownership for their oil transportation since the 1990s. They also prefer spot charter to time charter and this kind of trend has continued up to now. Consequently, this paper attempted to find the factors influencing changes in tanker fleet composition. To attain the object of the paper, an empirical study is adopted using the ten decision-making factors derived from preceeding studies. The findings are that MARPOL and OPA 90, and transportation costs are the most important factors influencing an oil tanker fleet composition.