As ESG (environmental, social, and governance) has become a major business trend, many firms put ESG into their business practice to fulfill market and stakeholders' demands (Wang et al., 2016). With a growing emphasis on ESG, firms must decide how to integrate ESG into their organizational strategy. Although ESG is a popular business trend, it is meaningless if ESG reduces firm value. For successful ESG implementation, ESG strategy must be integral to the business model (Duque-Grisales and Aguilera-Caracuel, 2021). With the integration of ESG into the firm's business process, sustainable activities enable firms to improve their economic and social performance by tapping into the synergies between business and societal agendas (Duque-Grisales and Aguilera-Caracuel, 2021). Core competence refers to an organization's accumulated strength compared to other organizations in the industry (Wheelen, 2019). It is the unique integration of leadership, technologies, specialized skills and knowledge, organizational culture, and the working possesses (Wheelen, 2019). Even though the literature on ESG emphasizes integrating ESG into firms’ core capabilities, there are only a few studies that developed ESG implementation and integration framework in specific dimensions (Fatima & Elbanna, 2022) and the literature shows mixed results. Since previous research presents unclear results regarding ESG implementation and firms' core competencies, this study aims to 1) investigate how ESG strategy could integrate with firms' core competencies and 2) clarify ESG embeddedness drivers. The findings provide significant implications for academics and managers by clarifying how firms can enhance their value through ESG with firms' core competencies.

Automatic question-answering is a classical problem in natural language processing, which aims at designing systems that can automatically answer a question, in the same way as human does. The need to query information content available in various formats including structured and unstructured data has become increasingly important. Thus, Question Answering Systems (QAS) are essential to satisfy this need. QAS aim at satisfying users who are looking to answer a specific question in natural language.Moreover, it is a representative of open domain QA systems, where the answer selection process leans on syntactic and semantic similarities between the question and the answering text snippets. Such approach is specifically oriented to languages with fine grained syntactic and morphologic features that help to guide the correct QA match. Furthermore, word and sentence embedding have become an essential part of any Deep-Learning-based natural language processing systems as they encode words and sentences in fixed-length dense vectors to drastically improve the processing of textual data. The paper will concentrate on incorporating the sentence embedding with its various techniques like Infersent, ElMo and BERT in the construction of Question Answering systems, and also it can be used in game play.

This study aims to investigate how L1 Chinese speakers of Korean acquire Korean embedded clauses with wh-expressions. Korean embedding verbs tutta ‘listen’ (Propositional-selecting predicate class) and kwungkumhata ‘wonder’ (Question-selecting predicate class) subcategorize for different types of complements which are defined by declarative complementizer ta or interrogative complementizer nunci. Tutta takes declarative or interrogative clauses and kwungkumhata can take only interrogatives. Experimental stimuli consisted of 12 embedding clauses by tutta (6 ta complementizer items and nunci complementizer items) and 12 embedding clauses by kwungkumhata(6 ta complementizer items and nunci complementizer items). Sixty three intermediate and advanced Chinese speakers of Korean(CK) participated in the study and 40 Korean native speakers(NK) participated as a control group. CK subjects were divided into 31 CK high group and 32 CK low group according to the participants’ Korean proficiency. The acceptability judgment among 3 groups were significantly different in the tutta-nunci condition and kwungkumhata-ta condition. The result showed that different learning principles were applied depending on the proficiency of learners. CK high group accepted the wh-embedding sentences in accordance with the semantic meaning of matrix verbs and type of wh-embedding clauses. However CK low group were not sensitive enough to discern the different linguistic context of wh-embedding sentences and rather accepted most of the given sentences.

The paper presents the longitude study of Internet technologies introduction into business model. Rapid spread of Internet technologies has a significant impact on the business models transformation. Today, information technology has become an integral part of communication with customers. In 2017 the penetration rate of the Internet in Russia reached 73%. Thus, almost 3/4 of the population is currently Internet users and be reached online. On the one hand, Internet communication speeds up and simplifies the processes; on the other hand, the key competitive advantage of direct selling business model is blurred. For ages business model was based on direct interpersonal contacts between the distributor and the customer. In this business model relationship creates more value than the product itself [Luk, Fullgrabe, Yi, 1996] and face-to-face meeting is the key descriptor [Sanan, 1997]. Direct selling is cultivated through relationships and provides customer-centric marketing opportunities [Harrison, Hair, 2017]. The question of this study is whether introduction of innovative Internet technologies into communication with customers is beneficial for traditional direct selling business model. Empirical research is based on comparative analysis of data from three survey waves (6380 respondents in 2011, 5638 respondents in 2014 and 6800 respondents in 2017). Effectiveness of Internet usage the for communicate with customers was analized in dynamics over the three waves of 2011, 2014, 2017. Using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method 15 (fifteen) hypotheses were checked. Nine (9) out of 15 (fifteen) hypotheses were confirmed. Research revealed that personalization determines the effectiveness of communication with customers via internet-based tools (e-mail, web site, social networks, professional social networks, video channels, blogs, microblogs, videoconferences and webinars, messaging applications and files). Nevertheless, face-to-face communication remains significant communication channel for success in direct-selling

본 연구에서는 폴리아미드 층 내에 그래핀 옥사이드를 첨가시킴으로써 피페라진 기반 나노여과막의 내산성을 높이고자 하였다. 50% 황산 용액에 나노여과막을 침지시키며 주기적으로 MgSO4 염제거율을 확인한 결과, 그래핀 옥사이드 함유 나노여과막의 경우 95% 이상으로 염제거율을 유지한 기간이 대조군에 비해 4.7배로 길어졌다. 이에 반해, 산화 탄소 나노 튜브는 그래핀 옥사이드와 비슷한 화학적 특성을 가지고 있음에도 나노여과막에 첨가했을 때 내산성에 큰 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 이에 그래핀 옥사이드의 화학적 성질에서 기인하는 폴리아미드 돌출 희생층이나 폴리아미드와의 수소결합보다 형태적 특성에서 기인하는 장벽 효과가 내산성 향상에 가장 주요한 역할을 했다고 여겨진다.

Much of the sustainability research has orientated around the production side of the business model, changing a consumer’s consumption pattern, such as extending the usage of a product and reducing the frequency of purchase and even promoting shared use, is now being recognised as a critical facet of working towards sustainability. The focus on the consumer perspective, their usage and response to alternative modes of garment use is under represented in the research to-date, which has predominantly focused on the point of design or disposal. Employing a multi-method qualitative study, this research engages with consumers to build the critical insights currently pertinent but neglected in shifting consumers towards more sustainable fashion consumption practices. Fashion management is important as evidenced by a global garment industry valued at around US $1.7 trillion and employing approximately 75 million people (Fashion United; International Labour Organisation). However, there are significant environmental costs from resource inputs, manufacture, use and disposal of clothing. This impact occurs while around only 30% of clothing, valued at around £4000, in our wardrobes was worn in the last year (Williams, 2016). Coupled with an increase in clothing purchases, this has led to the phenomena of disposing of garments that may only have been worn a few times. Disposal of clothing is a key tenet of sustainability, with high volumes of purchases propelled by discourses of “fast fashion” (Bianchi and Birtwistle, 2010) resulting in approximately one million tonnes of clothes being disposed annually in the UK (Defra, 2009). Whilst a need for consumer behaviour change is clearly identified for systemic change within fashion management, little insight is provided as to how this can be facilitated. From a production and retail perspective, sustainable clothing discussions have been appropriated into mainstream retail practice (in brands such as People Tree, Patagonia, Everlane, H&M) however one of the presented barriers of a mainstream adoption of this approach, is the lack of trust and weak incentives for consumers. With the premise of extending understandings beyond interested niche fashion groups to mainstream society, we explore tensions and opportunities in extending clothing acquisition practices towards a circular approach. Focusing on fashion consumers (considered as purchasing one fashion item per week) we carried out a multi-method ethnographic study over six months to intervene and challenge consumer fashion consumption habits. We augment the conventional model of fashion consumer behaviour of ‘buy-own-dispose’ and contribute an emergent understanding of the challenges, barriers and opportunities of sustainable clothing consumption and the implications for fashion management.

분리층 두께가 5 μm이며 Si/Al 몰비가 1.5인 Na형 faujasite 제올라이트 분리막을 이차성장 공정에 의하여 제조하였고, 투과부에 13X 제올라이트 흡착제 충진 전후의 진공모드에서의 CO2/N2 분리거동을 CO2/N2 몰비가 1인 혼합기체에 대하여 30℃에서 평가하였다. 충진된 13X 제올라이트 흡착제는 CO2 투과도와 CO2/N2 선택도를 동시에 증진시켰다. 이 현상은 13X 제올라이트 흡착제 충진이 다공성 α-알루미나 지지체의 기공채널을 통한 CO2 탈출을 증진시킴으로써 faujasite 제올라이트/α-알루미나 상계면에서의 CO2 탈착을 증진시켰기 때문으로 설명되었다. 본 논문으로부터 흡착제와 분리막의 혼성화는 일반적으로 보여지는 선택도와 투과도의 역비례 관계를 획기적으로 개선할 방법임이 확인되었다.

방사능 오염도 측정에 사용하기 위한 이중구조 고분자막이 폴리설폰과 세륨활성화된 이트륨실리케이트(CAYS)를 이용하여 제조되었다. 제조된 막은 순수 고밀도 고분자 지지층과 이에 제막된 고분자 용액의 상전환 공정에 의해 고형화된 CAYS 함침 활성층의 이중구조로 구성된다. 제막공정에서 대기방치 공정이 생략되었을 때 CAYS를 포함하는 활성층은 전형적인 비대칭 구조를 지니며, CAYS 입자들이 고분자 구조 사이에 박혀있는 형상을 지닌다. 제막공정에서 대기에 방치하는 시간이 증가할수록 막의 형상은 스폰지 구조를 띠며 CAYS는 고분자 구조로부터 분리되어 막 내부에 셀 같은 공간에 밀집되어 존재함을 보였다. 한편, 두 충 사의 계면형상은 고분자 고형화 과정에서의 상전환 속도와 밀접한 관련되었으며, 대기방치 시간의 증가에 따라 계면의 구분이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 방사능 탐지 특성에서 스폰지 구조를 지니는 막의 고분자 구조는 방사성핵종이 통과할 수 없는 밀집된 형상을 지니면서 탐지효율의 감소를 초래하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study was performed to establish the condition and the methods for the techniques of insertion the isolated blastomere cells into cytoplasm, in order to research the develop-mental ability of bovine embryo blastomere cells in vitro produced. After 24h in vitro ovary maturation with the ovaries from a slaughter house, in vitro fertilization was performed to the vital sperms which their mobility were decided by percoll gradient method, with 2~8 cell stage embryos, the blastomeres were isolated in +. +-free PBS, and following that embedded into agar and alginate solution, respectively. The rates of in vitro develop-ment are as follows ; in agar embedded 11 among 120(9.2%) 1 /2~1 /3 blastomers cleaved and 6 among 93(6.5%) 1 /4~1 /8 blastomeres cleaved. In sodium alginate-embedded 14 among 84(16.7%) 1 /2~1 /3 blastomeres cleaved and 6 among 85(7.1%) 1 /4~1 /8 blastomeres cleaved. In case of Na-alginate, the rate of the cells were better than those of agar. The results suggest that the techniques for embeeding the isolated blastomeres into gel may help cloning of bovine early embryo without nuclear transplantation.

선박은 해상에서 정박시 앵커를 이용함으로써 선박에 작용하는 외력에 대항하여 주묘를 방지하고 선박의 안전성을 확보하여야 한 다. 선박의 안전한 투묘 작업을 수행하기 위해서는 앵커의 파주운동과 파주력 특성에 대한 기본적인 이해가 필요하다. 앵커의 초기 투묘시 해 저에서의 앵커 자세에 따르는 파주운동과 파주력 특성을 파악하기 위하여 길이 6미터의 저질이 모래인 수조에서 앵커 모형의 예인 실험을 실 시하였다. 실험에 사용된 앵커 모형은 실무에서 많이 사용되고 있는 ASS형과 AC-14형 앵커를 대상으로 하였다. 실험 결과 앵커 형태와 관계 없이 앵커의 초기 위치가 예인 방향과 동일한 경우와 직각으로 놓여 진 상태에서는 앵커 플루크가 최대 깊이까지 파고 들어 가고, 이 최대 깊 이에서 일정한 심도를 유지한 채 파주운동을 하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 앵커가 예인 방향과 반대 방향으로 초기 투묘된 경우 다른 초기 위치 상태에 비해서 파주력 계수 값이 작아지는 모습을 보이고 있으므로 앵커 투묘시 특히 주의를 해야 될 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate the structural performance of the reinforced concrete beam retrofitted by strengthening methods(embedded CFRP rod of hexagon, CFRP Sheet) in existing reinforced concrete buildings. Test results showed that the maximum load carrying capacity of retrofitted specimens(NER2, NER2-C) were increased by 1.46 ~ 1.67 times respectively in comparison with the standard specimen(NBS).

본 연구에서는 기존 철근콘크리트 건축물의 구조성능 개선을 위하여 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉과 CFRP시트를 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 구조성능을 평가하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였다. 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉의 사용량, CFRP시트 보강 유무에 따라 총 7개의 실험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 구조성능을 평가하였으며, 본 연구의 실험결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉 보강 실험체 NER 시리즈의 경우, 표준실험체 NBS와 비교하여 12~46% 내력이 증가하였고, 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉과 CFRP시트를 복합 보강한 실험체 NERL 시리즈는 표준실험체 NBS보다 최대내력이 22~77% 증가하였다. 그리고 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉으로 보강된 실험체 NER 시리즈는 부착슬립, 피복분리 형태로 파괴되었으나, 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉과 CFRP시트을 복합 보강한 실험체 NERL 시리즈는 CFRP시트의 연속보강에 따른 콘크리트 구속효과 및 모재와 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉의 부착강도 증가로 인하여 부착슬립의 형태로 파괴되었다.

In this study, experimental research was carried out to improve and evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joint using Groove and Embedding FRP Rod and CFRP Sheet in existing reinforced concrete building. Test result shows that retrofitting specimen(RBCJ-SR2, SRCB2) designed by the improvement of seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints load-carrying capacities were increased 1.78 ~ 2.29 times in comparison with the standard specimen.