Purpose: The global emphasis on preventing and systematically managing acute cardiac arrest necessitates improved education in cardiovascular emergencies. This study aims to provide foundational data on the effectiveness of simulation-based cardiovascular emergency management education, applying the think-aloud method for nurses. Method: A one-group pre-posttest experimental design was used from July 29 to August 15, 2022. Twenty-eight nurses participated in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: The educational intervention showed statistically significant improvements in outcomes: knowledge of cardiovascular emergency management (Z=-4.24, p<.001), confidence in cardiovascular emergency management (Z=-4.63, p<.001), clinical reasoning competence (Z=-4.16, p<.001), and self-efficacy for group work (Z=-3.47, p=.001), and selfregulation for group work (Z=-2.29, p=.022). Conclusion: This study indicates that the use of the think-aloud method in simulation-based learning can effectively enhance cardiovascular emergency management training by reducing learners’ cognitive load. Cardiovascular emergency management competencies can be strengthened through the development of diverse educational strategies and the expansion of training support.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study was to review roadway management strategies that can be utilized in the event of a radiological emergency, select feasible alternatives, and simulate a portion of the West Coast network to analyze the effectiveness of these strategies. METHODS : The methodology of the study involved reviewing the relevant literature, extracting the implications, establishing an analysis procedure, and selecting an effectiveness evaluation scale. Using a national transportation database, a network was constructed using Toba, a macroscopic model. RESULTS : A reverse-flow lane system was applied to the West Coast Expressway Glory IC–Hampyeong IC (total 25 km), and a plan to increase the number of lanes was applied to the Seokgyo Street–Shinpyeong Intersection on National Route 23 (total extension 28 km). Consequently, both road management strategies were found to be effective. CONCLUSIONS : This study examined roadway management strategies that can be utilized in the event of a radiological emergency, selected feasible alternatives, and simulated a portion of the West Coast network to verify the effectiveness of these strategies. In the case of reverse flow lanes, it is most effective when applied to expressways that can restrict the entrance and exit of vehicles. In the case of increasing the number of lanes, it is most effective when applied to general roads, and institutional arrangements should be made to enable two-way traffic to use the reserved shoulder lanes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simulation-based Korea advanced life support training on new nurses' knowledge, clinical performance ability, performer confidence, and learning satisfaction. Methods: This is a non-equivalent controlled pre-post quasi-experimental study. A simulation-based CPR training program was applied to 37 new nurses. Results: The experimental group scored lower on emergency management knowledge (83.65±7.61) than the control group (84.55±9.22), which was not significant (t=-4.46, p=.657). However, the clinical performance ability score was significantly higher in the experimental group (109.59±9.98) than in the control group (100.24±11.87) (t=3.581, p <.001). Performer confidence was significantly higher in the experimental group (23.43±3.29) than in the control group (19.90±3.85) (t=3.69, p〈.001). In addition, the learning satisfaction score of the experimental group (96.16±5.64) was significantly higher than the control group (88.42±11.13) (t=3.72, p< .001). Conclusion: This study confirmed that simulation training is an efficient way to improve new nurses' clinical performance ability, and performer confidence. Therefore, applying simulation training in scenarios can improve new nurses' work competence and contribute to improving the quality of patient care.

The correlation between accident management plan and radiation emergency plan of Shin-Kori Units 3 and 4 was compared and analyzed from the point of view of the adequacy of facilities, equipments, organization and manpower which are necessary for the related emergency response. It was found the equipment of accident management plan and emergency response facility of radiation emergency plan had different technical contents and scope of application, so there was no risk of mutual conflict and overlapping functions. However, since the accident impact assessment code in accident management plan and computer program of radiation emergency plan were different, it was necessary to ensure the agreement or linkage of the evaluation between them. When a radiation emergency is issued in accident management plan, the composition and mission of the accident response organization were mostly consistent with the contents of the radiation emergency plan, but some corrections and improvement items were identified. Accident management plan specified that the disaster response safety center belonged to the emergency operations facility (EOF), but the radiation emergency plan did not mention it at all. The main tasks of disaster response safety center were the movement, arrangement and connection of mobile emergency response facilities, on-site construction of other emergency response facilities, and on-site road restoration. According to the accident management plan, the movement, arrangement, and connection of mobile facilities (i.e., mobile generators, mobile pumps, multi-purpose communication relay facilities), which were considered very important for the prevention and mitigation of serious accidents, were under the supervision of the disaster response safety center. It was stipulated that the operation was carried out with the cooperation of a regular emergency organization, and that the start, operation and stop of mobile equipments were to be performed under the supervision of the emergency operation team supported by the regular emergency organization. Since this organization structure and assignment of duties could not be confirmed in radiation emergency plan, it was necessary to revise and improve the radiation emergency plan for the successful operation of mobile equipments and to link them with the accident management plan.

The current study aims to propose a reorganization plan for the national emergency management system to improve the current organizational structure for responding to national disasters and emergency situations. As a theoretical framework, the current study identified four key elements of successful disaster response systems: responsiveness, controllability, expertise, and devotedness. On the basis of the four key elements of disaster response systems, this study critically reviewed the current state of the organizational structure of the Korean national emergency response system by discussing the issues inherent in the current structure and by doing a comparative analysis of two high-profile national disaster cases—the Sewol ferry disaster in 2014 and the Gwangsan Rescue of buried people in 2013. Then, this study proposed the reorganization plan for the national disaster response system in which the NEMA is under direct control of the Prime Minister of Korea. It coordinates and controls the related government departments, such as the police, maritime police, and military during the national disaster and emergency situation. This study also proposed a reorganizational plan for the regional disaster response system in Korea. Finally, it was suggested that the status of firefighters should be elevated to the national public servant level in order to achieve organizational efficiency and solve existing problems that come from the current separated systems.

To investigate acute drug intoxication trends in the elderly visited Emergency Medical Centers, Data was collected from the records of poisoning patients visited Five different Hospitals from January 1. 2007 to December 31. 2007. The analysis was conducted by using 135 cases of 624 cases. When considering only the elderly and making comparisons between the urban areas and the rural areas the following data was produced. In regard to patients with acute drug intoxication, the main substance of choice was pesticides. Cases of acute drug intoxication are definitely higher for those categorized as the rural elderly (75.0%) when compared with those categorized as the urban elderly (44.1%). The male to female ratio, those living together as a family, past suicide attempts, mental state and sobriety condition when they came, monthly distribution etc. between the two groups did not demonstrate a difference between them. In regard to reasons given for acute drug intoxication, suicide was the highest at 60.7% of the cases. When comparing accidental reasons for poisoning, the urban elderly, at 34.2% of their cases, were higher than in the rural elderly, at 23.7%. After first aid was administered, the admission rate was higher for the rural elderly (47.4%) than for the urban elderly (33.9%). This shows that the rural elderly have a more severe acute drug intoxication poisoning problem than the urban elderly do.

To investigate acute drug intoxication trends in the elderly visited Emergency Medical Centers, Data was collected from the records of poisoning patients visited Five different Hospitals from January 1. 2007 to December 31. 2007. The analysis was conducted by using 135 cases of 624 cases. When considering only the elderly and making comparisons between the urban areas and the rural areas the following data was produced. In regard to patients with acute drug intoxication, the main substance of choice was pesticides. Cases of acute drug intoxication are definitely higher for those categorized as the rural elderly (75.0%) when compared with those categorized as the urban elderly (44.1%). The male to female ratio, those living together as a family, past suicide attempts, mental state and sobriety condition when they came, monthly distribution etc. between the two groups did not demonstrate a difference between them. In regard to reasons given for acute drug intoxication, suicide was the highest at 60.7% of the cases. When comparing accidental reasons for poisoning, the urban elderly, at 34.2% of their cases, were higher than in the rural elderly, at 23.7%. After first aid was administered, the admission rate was higher for the rural elderly (47.4%) than for the urban elderly (33.9%). This shows that the rural elderly have a more severe acute drug intoxication poisoning problem than the urban elderly do.

일정 규모 이상의 사장교와 현수교에는 자유장, 주탑, 보강거더에 지진가속도계가 부착되어 있다. 이 연구에서는 부착된 센서를 활용하여 지진발생 시에 긴급하게 지진안전성을 평가하는 방법을 제안하였다. 표준화된 시스템으로 긴급한 평가가 이루어지므로 센서 단위의 평가가 효과적이며, 경주, 포항지진에 대한 특수교량의 데이터 분석을 통하여 평가 방안을 도출하였다. 자유장, 교각기초, 앵커리지와 같이 지반 또는 지반과 인접한 위치에 설치된 가속도계는 최대가속도로 평가를 수행하고 주탑상부, 보강거더 등 구조물에 부착된 가속도계는 가속도의 변환을 통한 변위비교로 평가를 수행하는 것을 제안하였다.

이 연구에서는 사장교 및 현수교에 부착된 지진가속도계측기를 활용하여 교량의 안전성을 긴급하게 평가할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 실측된 지진가속도계측기의 상시 응답을 이용하여 구조해석 모델의 고유주파수와 비교를 통해 최대한 유사한 동적특성을 갖도록 모델링을 개선한다. 설계지진에 대한 지진해석을 수행하여 지진가속도계측기 설치 위치별 최대 변위를 도출하며, 도출된 변위는 사전에 관리기준치로서 시스템에 기 입력된다. 지진발생 시 실시간으로 측정된 가속도 시간이력을 필터링 후 2중적분을 통해 변위시간이력으로 변환한 뒤 최대 변위를 추출한다. 최종적으로 시스템에 기 입력된 관리기준치와 추출된 변위와의 비교를 통해 안전성을 평가한다. 경주지진 시 기록된 데이터를 활용한 12개 특수교량의 긴급 안전성평가 수행을 통해 제안된 방법의 적용성을 확인한다.

Frequent damages and safety incidences had occurred. Although Korea Expressway Coporation is well organized for various disaster and incidences on expressway based on its many experiences, it still have difficulties in demonstrating its superiority and capability in disaster management. Also when compared with disaster management framework of other organization in developed countries, level of the management still need the improvement.

KISTEC(Korea Infrastructure Safety & Technology Corporation) has operated the U-safety Center which developing a user-participatory disaster management system with which it's possible for a user to transmit texts, photos and videos showing the current status of a specific disaster. With reported information about retaing wall, we had safety-inspected retaining wall and performed analysis of damage stats.

Considering possibility of public health risk and environmental hazards, it is important to manage the disposal of“medical waste” properly. Although Korean government has made many efforts to provide safe medical waste managementsystem, some institutional problems are still existing and need to be improved. We focused on medical waste managementin emergency situations. Currently, the most common method of medical waste disposal is off-site incineration, whichaccounts for approximately 99.6% of total waste. However, in case some incineration facilities stopped unexpectedlybecause of fire, strike, breakdown, etc., inappropriate management of the medical waste has been of importantenvironmental concern due to potential secondary infection. This paper presents current limitations of resignment-relatedregulation and suggests improvement methods for effective and safe treatment of the medical waste, especially inemergency situations.

본 연구는 수방구조물의 방재시스템 구축을 위한 일환으로, IFC 기반 제방시설물의 BIM 모델을 대상으로 도시모형 기반의 모델인 CityGML 모델을 자동으로 생성하기 위하여 IFC와 CityGML 각각의 스키마를 분석하여 정보변환 프로세스를 제안하였다. 또한 CityGML에서 제공하는 스키마를 이용하여 형상 및 계측과 관련된 의미정보의 표현을 위한 방법을 제시하고, CityGML 제방 모델에 적용하여 형상 및 의미정보가 표현됨을 보였다. 이러한 도시모델 내에서의 구조물 및 관련 정보의 구현을 통해 전체 도시구조를 고려한 방재 시스템 구축 및 재해 예방이 용이하게 이루어 질 것으로 기대된다.