본 시험은 마늘 절임에서 분리 동정된 Leuconostoc citreum SK2556 균주에 의한 마늘 발효 배양액 급여가 산란계의 계란 생산성, 계란 품질, 혈액 성상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 시험 동물은 33주령 산란계(Hy-Line Brown) 180수를 공시하였고, 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였 다. 전체 사양기간동안 산란율은 대조구, FG (발효마늘) 0.3 및 FG 0.5 처리구는 78.02~78.53의 범위로 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, FG 0.1 처리구(75.37±3.22)는 다른 처리구들에 비교하여 감소하였다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량과 사료요구율에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 시험 전기간 Haugh unit에서는 마늘 발효액 FG 0.1이 대조구와 FG 0.5에 비해 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 혈액 내 Glucose는 모든 마늘 발효액 처리구가 대조구보다 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.01). 간 기능의 이상 여부를 나타내는 알칼리인산분해효소(alkaline phosphatase; ALP)는 FG 0.3 처리구가 대조구보다 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 산란계 사료 내 마늘 발효 배양액 급여는 계란의 Haugh unit의 향상으로 계란의 신선도를 개선시켰을 뿐만 아니라, 건강 유지에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 사료첨가제로서의 이용가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the functionality of fermented black garlic extracts under various conditions. Black garlic powder was prepared by aging for 0~72 hours at 80℃ depending on relative humidity (RH). It showed the highest antioxidant effects among the samples; the total antioxidant activity of black garlic powders at RH 75%, 84%, and 90% for 72 hours was increased 31.9 times, 28.2 times, and 22.6 times compared with that of the fresh garlic powder, respectively. Also, the alliin content was gradually decreased. S-ally-L-cysteine and S-ethyl-cysteine levels were increased; the highest values were 495.9 μg/g and 1,769.7 μg/g after aging for 72 hours at RH 75%. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were increased following high fat diet feeding, but the rise was obviously reduced by administration of black garlic extract. The total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride contents in serum were significantly lower in methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet treatment groups than in the positive control group. The concentration was increased following the intake of black garlic and fermented black garlic extracts. Therefore, black garlic extracts could be an ideal material as a dietary supplement in healthy functional foods to improve the effects on fatty liver.

본 연구에서는 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 비율(0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%)을 다르게 첨가하여 양갱을 제조하고, 항산화 활성 및 품질 특성을 평가한 결과, pH는 대조군이 6.79로 가장 높았고, 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 첨가비율이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 환원당은 대조군이 5.88%로 가장 낮았고, 첨가군이 7.7~11.98%로 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 첨가량이 증가할수록 환원당이 점점 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 색도 측정 결과, L값과 b값은 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 기계적 조직감은 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 첨가비율이 증가할수록 낮은 조직감을 나타내었고, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH radical 소거 활성은 효소 발효 흑마늘 페이스트 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 값을 보였다. 기호도 평가 결과, 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트 첨가 비율이 3~6%일 때, 모든 평가항목에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 받았으며, 9%를 초과함에 모든 기호도가 확연하게 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트를 6%까지 첨가하여 양갱을 제조한다면 양갱의 관능적 품질을 최대한 유지하면서 기능성 식품으로 소비자의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있을 것이라 여겨진다.

흑마늘을 이용하여 와인을 제조해보고 숙성 칩의 종류에 따른 향기 성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 흑마늘 와인을 제조한 후, 저장 조건으로 미국산 칩과 프랑스산 칩을 이용하여 3개월간 10oC에서 숙성하여 흑마늘 와인을 완성하였다. 향기 성분을 분석을 위하여 GC/MS를 이용하였다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우 주요 향기성분으로 2-methyl-1- propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, allyl methyl sulfide가 검출되었다. 프랑스산 칩을 사용한 경우 에는 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32- hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, chloroacetonitrile, allyl methyl sulfide가 주요성분으로 검출되었다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 와인에서 과일향성분인 n-propylacetate, butanoic acid, octanoic acid가 상대적으로 높게 검출되었고, 흑마늘에서 기인된 allyl methyl sulfide는 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우에서만 검출이 되었다. Acetic acid는 프랑스산 칩을이 용한 경우에만 검출되었다.

Black fermented garlic includes many pharmacological components. Therefore, in this study, black fermented garlic wine was manufactured and its flavor compounds were investigated difference of aging chips from America and France. The fermented wine was stored at 10oC for 6 months. GC/MS was used for the flavor components analysis. Wine using American chip contained 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1- butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, and allyl methyl sulfide. 1-Propanol, 2- methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2- heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32-hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, and chloroacetonitrile were detected as major flavor compounds using France chips. Especially, the wine contained allyl methyl sulfide that was resulted from black fermented garlic. There were more compounds that smell like fruit in the wine using American chips relatively. And allyl methyl sulfide was detected only in the wine using America chips. Whereas acetic acid was detected only in the wine using France chips

This study was conducted to aid in the development of the optimal recipe for chocolate with fermented and aged garlic extract (Allium sativum var. pekinense). We added garlic extract in order to increase the nutritional value of the chocolate. The optimal sensory composite recipe was determined, following Central Composites for chocolate with different levels of fermented and aged garlic extract (A) and cream (B), while analysis was performed by Response Surface Methodology, from the date that the sensory evaluation was performed. Ten experimental recipes, including 2 reference points in the composition, were selected. The compositional and functional properties were measured, and physical and sensory values were applied to the mathematical models. Perturbation plots showed the influence of each ingredient on the final product. Measurements showed significant values in lightness, sweetness, pH, hardness and cohesiveness, while sensory measurements showed significant values in color, texture, sourness, bitterness and overall quality. The optimum formulations were calculated by numerical and graphical methods, as being 34.61g fermented and aged garlic extract and 72.68g cream for each 200g chocolate. As well it was revealed that the aptitude of chocolate was more influenced by fermented garlic extract than it was by cream.

천연미백소재를 개발하기 위하여 대산(마늘)을 포함한 총 10종의 약용식물 혼합물을 발효하여 얻은 발효물로부터 tyrosinase inhibition 활성을 확인하고, 이로부터 신규한 화합물 1종 외 3종의 활성 성분을 분리하였다. 마늘복합발효물의 영양성분 13항목을 분석하여 기능성 식품 소재로의 활용가능성을 확인하였다. 발효원액의 tyrosinase 저해효과는 88.6%로 나타났고, 활성성분의 분리를 위하여 EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 H2O로 분배, 추출하였다. 이중 수득률이 가장 높은 EtOAc 분획물(47g)로부터 silica gel 및 ODS column chromatography를 반복하면서 TLC 와 효소저해 효과로부터 확인한 활성분획을 순차적으로 분리하였다. 화합물의 화학구조를 NMR 및 MS 등의 스펙트럼으로 분 석한 결과 phenylpropanoid류의 신규 화합물인 2,4,5- trihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid (1) (1.9 ㎎) 및 화합물 1과 동량으로 혼재하는 2,3,5-trihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid (2)를 확인하였다. 이외에 2,4-dihydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid (3) (3.3 ㎎) 및 (+)sesamin (4) (6.1 ㎎)을 분리·동정하였다. 이 화합물들이 향후 본 조성물의 지표성분 및 기능성 성분으로 활 용된다면 기업에서의 원천기술 확보를 통한 제품개발과 산업화에 매우 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

The quality characteristics of black garlic vinegar produced by acetic acid fermentation were analyzed over a 25 day period. Black garlic vinegar was produced using black garlic 3, 6, 9 and 12 folds with water, and initial alcohol concentrations of 6~12%. The pH values of the vinegar samples were in range of 3.85~4.46 after 25 days fermentation, and the sugar contents were highest after 9 days of fermentation (12.00~13.50 °Brix). The total polyphenol concents of vinegars were in the range of 20.65~52.04 mg/100 mL 25 days fermentation. Pyrogallol and vanillic acid were detected in the completely fermented vinegars, and their contents increased with black garlic content. Five organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and propionic acid) were detected after 25 days of fermentation, with the total amount of organic acids being 5,327.34~6,307.64 mg/100 mL, and the total abetic acid contents beging the highest of the organic acids at 4208.90~5,570.29 mg/100 mL. After 25 days of fermentation, the total minerals contents were higher, and depending on the quantity of black garlic added. Of the minerals, the of potassium content was the highest (366.23~1,619.67 mg/L).

The purpose of this research is to develop functional food with garlics(Allium sativum var. pekinense) as a healthy food. Fermented garlic broth(FGB)s were prepared with whole bulb of garlics preserved in sugar and sugar syrup, then fermented and aged at room temperature for 36 months. Biological activities of FGBs were tested antibacterial, antioxidative, fibrinolytic activities and analyzed for polyphenol contents. The total polyphenol contents of FGBs in 12~36 month fermented broth(870∼885 mg/100 mL of broth) had significantly higher than those of 1~6 months fermented broths(p<0.001). The electron donating abilities(EDAs) and SOD-like activities of 24~36 month fermented broth had significantly higher than those of 1~6 months fermented broths(p<0.05). FGBs had shown strong antibacterial activities against four kinds of pathogenic bacteria(L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7, and Sal. typhimurium). The fibrinolytic activities of 24~36 months fermented broth had more than twice of the fibrinolytic activity of plasmin. FGBs had increasing activities in antibacterial, antioxidative and fibrinolytic activity as the progress of fermentation period. FGBs can be used as natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage on normal cells probably because of their antibacterial, antioxidative and fibrinolytic activities.