한우 암소의 번식형질은 생산성과 직결되는 핵심 경제형질로서 개량의 중요성이 크다. 본 연구는 혈통 정보와 유전체 정보를 통합하는 single-step genome-wide association study (ssGWAS)를 적용하여 한우 암소 번식형질과 연관된 유전체 영역을 탐색하고 기능적 후보 유전자를 제시하고자 하였다. 분석에는 초산우의 초산일령과 경산우의 임신기간, 공태일수, 분만간격, 수태당 종부횟수의 표현형 자료가 활용되었으며, 총 809두의 초산우 와 789두의 경산우가 포함되었다. ssGWAS 결과 대부분의 SNP 표지인자는 전체 상가적 유전분산의 1% 미만을 설명하였으나 일부 염색체에서 뚜렷한 피크가 관찰되었다. 이에 전체 상가적 유전분산의 1% 이상을 설명하는 SNP 윈도우를 선별한 후 물리적 위치가 인접한 윈도우를 병합하여 peak interval로 정의하였고, 각 peak 내에서 변이 설명 비율이 최대인 SNP를 lead SNP로 지정하였다. 이후 후보 유전자 탐색 및 기능 주석 분석을 수행하였고, CattleQTLdb를 활용하여 기존 보고된 번식형질 관련 QTL/association 영역과의 중복 여부를 확인하였다. 기능 풍부도 분석에서 는 자궁·태반 조직 재형성과 관련된 proteolysis 조절 기작과, 정자 기능 및 수정능력과 연관된 기능 항목이 확인되어 번식 과정의 주요 생물학적 경로를 시사하였다. 또한 기존 보고와 중복되지 않는 신규 후보 QTL 영역을 다수 검출하여 번식형질의 유전적 기반에 대한 추가 단서를 제공하였다. 본 연구 결과는 한우 암소 번식 형질과 관련된 유전체 영역 및 유전자 기능적 근거를 제시함으로써, 향후 암소의 유전체 선발 및 번식 능력 개량을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

As the unmanned aerial vehicle industry grows, unexplained multirotor crashes continue to increase, and existing preventive maintenance methods have limitations in managing multirotor safety. Safety must be the top priority in multi-copter operations. To address this, real-time monitoring of the multi-copter's flight status during operation is required, along with anomaly detection and immediate response based on flight log information. However, limitations exist in processing anomaly data for each flight control log, necessitating the development of standardized technology to overcome this challenge. In this paper we propose a standardized process for collecting multi-copter flight control logs in real time, classifying the log information by message sets, and extracting key defect detection indicators contained in each message set. Furthermore, the extracted defect detection indicators were validated using various supervised learning models. In our experimental results, we collected flight logs from a multi-copter equipped with a defective propeller and conducted experiments using three defect detection models. The results show an accuracy rate of 0.99. This is the F1-score for the defect detection rate.

이 글은 동남아 환경 거버넌스의 진화를 탐색하며 동남아 환경협력에 관한 기존 문헌을 보완하고자 한다. 동남아 환경 거버넌스에 관한 국내 외 기존 문헌은 여타 동남아 지역협력 문헌과 유사하게 주로 정부의 정 책과 정부간 관계가 주도하는 협력 과정에 주목해 왔다. 그러나 이러한 경향은 동남아 역내 환경 의제를 다루는 방식이 정부간 협력뿐 아니라 비정부 행위자, 민간 기관들이 이를 보완하거나 극복하기 위한 노력까지 포괄하는 최근의 제도적 진화를 잘 보여주지 못하고 있다. 이 글은 구체 적으로 동남아 정부간 환경 거버넌스 및 해당 제도와 연결된 문제를 다 루기 위해 등장한 보완적이고 대안적인 거버넌스의 성격과 한계를 살피 며 역내 환경 거버넌스의 복합적인 진화를 논한다.

This study aims to establish a data-driven framework for identifying fishing vessel risk factors based on the Korean Maritime Accident Verdicts. As fishing vessels accounted for 64.66% of maritime accidents and 77.45% of fatalities in Korea (2020 – 2024), they represent a key target for maritime safety management. The narrative structure of verdicts — covering background, cause, and consequence — was transformed into 4M (Man, Machine, Method, Media)-based causal data, and the contribution ratios of each factor were calculated by an accident type. To complement documentary analysis, a HAZID (Hazard Identification) workshop was conducted to verify findings through field assessment. The proposed analytical framework converts narrative verdict records into numerical contribution values and reproducible causal sequences, enabling quantitative comparison of accident mechanisms across accident categories. This allows the identification of which causal factors and combinations should be prioritized for prevention efforts in fishing vessels, providing an objective basis for determining safety-check items and risk-control priorities. By integrating quantitative data analysis with field-based validation, this study establishes a practical and data-driven foundation for risk assessment in fishing-vessel design and safety management.

Plants synthesize diverse specialized metabolites under tissue- and context-specific regulation, yet it remains unclear how tissue-specific herbivory shapes pre- and post-attack metabolomes within each tissue. Using untargeted metabolomics, we compared constitutive and tissue-specific herbivory-induced states across tissues of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a cosmopolitan weed. Profiles separated mainly by tissue; roots had the most constitutive tissue-specific features. Herbivory increased between-tissue dissimilarity, and stems showed the largest set of induced features. The top herbivore-induced stem feature was constitutively higher in roots, consistent with tissue-specific biosynthetic control. Multi-omic evidence indicates a hydrolyzed glucosinolate derivative that may contribute to resistance against root specialists, underscoring adaptive diversification and tissue-specific regulation of specialized-metabolite pathways.

Pepper is one of the most important vegetables in South Korea. It is a key ingredient in kimchi, the nation’s staple dish, and serves as the primary raw material for producing gochujang, a commonly used condiment in Korean cooking. As a result, numerous pepper varieties have been developed, including those that yield more fruit or have milder pungency. However, farmers who grow peppers tend to prefer varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases. Bacterial wilt (BW) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting peppers and is transmitted through the soil. To breed pepper varieties resistant to bacterial wilt using molecular breeding techniques, it is essential to first identify the Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) that confers resistance to this disease. This requires conducting locus analysis with resistant cultivars. In this study, an F2 population was developed by selfing F1 hybrids, which were obtained by crossing a resistant cultivar with a susceptible cultivar, to identify QTLs associated with bacterial wilt resistance. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) analysis will be performed using the F2 population, and the results will be utilized for QTL mapping.

This study examines factors influencing occupational injuries among plant and machine operators using the Semi-supervised MarginBoost algorithm. Data from the 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed, covering 4,062 employed participants. The MarginBoost model achieved 84.3% accuracy, outperforming other models. Key factors identified included exposure to hazardous substances, ergonomic conditions, and psychosocial stress. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to enhance workplace safety and offer a robust predictive tool for the effective management of occupational health.

To address the English proficiency of underachieving college students, universities often use in-house language tests. C University lacks specific exams for identification, and relies on students’ English performance in the Korean College Scholastic Aptitude Test (CSAT English). This research explores the potential of the TOEIC Bridge, a standardized English proficiency test developed for middle and high school students, to provide an effective, practical measure for screening underachieving students in English. The study investigates the relationship between TOEIC Bridge and CSAT English performance, evaluating the predictive value of TOEIC Bridge on CSAT outcomes. Analyzing data from 418 students, the study identified (1) a moderate correlation between TOEIC Bridge and CSAT English performance, and (2) predictability of CSAT English performance based on TOEIC Bridge, suggesting that TOEIC Bridge can provide a potential tool to identify underachieving students in English. These findings contribute pedagogical insights for tertiary education.

This study presents a fine scale distribution of the endangered species, Odontobutis obscura, through field surveys and literature reviews. Using the mark-recapture method, the population size in major habitats was determined. Field surveys conducted on 18 streams in Geoje Island revealed that the O. obscura was only found in the main streams and tributaries of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, which are part of the Sanyang Stream watershed. The O. obscura exhibited relative abundances ranging from 0.5% to 35.3% at different locations, with certain spots showing higher relative abundances (18.8% to 35.3%), indicating major habitat areas. A review of six literature studies confirmed the presence of the O. obscura, although there were differences in occurrence status depending on the purpose, scope, and duration of the studies. Combining the results of field and literature surveys, it was found that the O. obscura inhabits the main and tributary streams of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, from the upper to lower reaches. Currently, the O. obscura population in the Sanyang Stream watershed maintains a stable habitat, but its limited distribution range suggests potential issues such as genetic diversity deficiency in the long term. The population size of the O. obscura was confirmed at two specific locations, with densities of 0.5 to 1.5 individuals per m2. The average movement distance from the release point was 13.1 m, indicating the limited mobility characteristic of ambush predators. Understanding the distribution and population size of endangered species is the first step towards their conservation and protection. Based on this information, further research could significantly contribute to the conservation of the O. obscura.

Microphysogobio rapidus is designated as endangered species class I by Ministry of Environment, and its distribution and population have been gradually declining, and it is now limited to the Nam River and some tributary streams of the Nakdong River Watershed. For the restoration of this highly endangered species, it is important to identify the causes of the decline and establish appropriate restoration plans. However, due to lack of basic data and ecological research, most steps are stagnant. Therefore, in this study, we identified the differences in the physical, biological, and sociological habitats between current and past distributed sites through field surveys and literature reviews. As a result of the field survey, there were differences in conductivity between the current and past distributed sites, and fish communities were also showed differences. The literature data also showed that the physico-chemical values of the past distributed sites were generally unfavorable, which generated negative consequences on biological factors. In particular, the effects of urbanization were found to be a major factor affecting the habitat of M. rapidus. Habitat stabilization is crucial for the recovery of this endangered species. However, in the past distributed sites, disturbances such as stream development and weir construction have altered streams physico-chemically and result in changes of M. rapidus. Therefore, a comprehensive plan that considers both stream connectivity and water quality is needed to manage and restore the habitat of M. rapidus.

본 연구에서는 생물다양성협약(CBD) 글로벌 보전목표(K-M GBF)의 핵심이라고 할 수 있는 실천목표 3(30by30)에 대한 우리나라의 효과적 대응 방향을 모색하기 위한 것으로, OECM에 대한 글로벌 개념 고찰 및 전문가 인식조사를 통해 국가 차원의 체계적인 OECM 발굴방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 글로벌 표준을 준수하되 한국적 맥락을 반영한 국가 차원의 체계적인 OECM 발굴방향을 모색을 위해 본 연구에서는 ①OECM 관련 한국적 용어 사용, ②글로벌 표준을 반영한 결정인자(criteria) 도출, ③우리나라 잠재 OECM 후보 유형 도출, ④OECM 발굴‧보고 시 고려사항 등을 검토하였다. 먼저 OECM의 단순 번역어 사용이 아닌 이의 개념을 잘 반영한 ‘한국적 용어’ 사용에 대한 공감대 형성이 있었으며, 가장 선호되는 용어이자 ‘자연과 조화로운 삶’이라는 생물다양성협약(CBD) 2050 비전과도 그 맥락을 같이하는 ‘자연공존지역 (12명)’이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 글로벌 표준을 반영한 주요 결정인자로는, 1단계 선별과정에서 OECM 핵심 특성을 반영한 4개 결정인자(1. 보호지역 여부, 2. 지리적 경계, 3. 거버넌스‧관리, 4. 생물다양성 가치)를 활용하고, 개별지역 심층진단을 수행하기 전에 관리‧관할기관 등과의 공감대형성(2단계) 과정을 거친 후 3단계(발굴‧보고단계)에서 2가지 결정인자(3-1 거버넌 스와 관리의 효과성과 지속성, 4-1의 생물다양성 가치의 장기적 보전성과)를 추가하여 심층 진단을 수행하는 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 살펴본 28개 유형은 대체적으로 OECM 부합성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며(4.45~6.21점/7점, 평균 5.24점), 특히 자연환경국 민신탁의 보전재산(6.21점) 및 보전협약지(6.07점)가 OECM 개념에 가장 잘 부합할 것으로 나타났다. 이어 세계자연유산 완충구역(5.77점), 사찰림(5.73점), 개발제한구역(5.63점), 비무장지대(5.60점), 생물권보전지역 완충구역(5.50점) 등이 잠재성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 절대보전무인도서의 경우 보호지역에 부합한다는 응답(5.83/7점)이 OECM 부합성(5.52/7점) 보다 더 높게 나타나, 향후 절대보전무인도는 그 주변해역(1㎞)과 더불어 한국보호지역데이터베이스(KDPA)에 등재를 추진하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. OECM 관련 글로벌 표준 검토 및 전문가 인식조사 결과를 토대로, 한국적 맥락의 OECM 발굴시 고려사항으로 10가지를 제시하였다. 향후 이러한 고려사항을 참고하여 단계적인 발굴사업을 통해 OECM을 목록화하고 기존 보호지역과의 연계를 통한 국가 차원의 현지-내 보전체계 정립을 위한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.