PURPOSES : This study aimed to perform real-time on-site construction volume management by using Internet of things (IoT) technology consisting of 3D scanning, image acquisition, wireless communication systems, and mobile apps for new and maintenance construction of concrete bridge deck overlays. METHODS : LiDAR was used to scan the overlay before and after construction to check the overlay volume. An enhanced inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method was applied to merge the LiDAR data scanned from multiple locations to reduce noise, and an anisotropic filter was applied for efficient three-dimensional shape modeling of the merged LiDAR data. The construction volume counter of the mobile mixer was directly photographed using an IP camera, and the data were transmitted to a central server via the LTE network. The video images were transmitted to the central server and optical character recognition (OCR) was used to recognize the counter number and store it. The system was built such that the stored information could be checked in real time in the field or at the office. RESULTS : As a result of using LiDAR to check the amount of overlay construction, the error from the planned amount was 0.6%. By photographing the counter of the mobile mixer using an IP camera and identifying the number on the counter using OCR to check the quantity, the results showed that there was a 2% difference from the planned quantity. CONCLUSIONS : Although the method for checking the amount of construction on site using LiDAR remains limited, it has the advantage of storing and managing the geometric information of the site more accurately. Through the IoT-based on-site production management system, we were able to identify the amount of concrete used in real time with relative accuracy.

This study developed an IoT-based agricultural well control system and demonstrated it through a control system in the current state of domestic open-field smart farms where systematic management is insufficient due to the difficulty of collecting accurate data such as agricultural water intake and usage. As a result, it was possible to derive the optimal control system test results according to the watering conditions for each schedule by conducting automatic control focusing on periods when there is no precipitation. This means that irrigation can be carried out smoothly during the time when irrigation is needed to improve crop quality and secure farm income, and as a result, it is possible to systematically manage and operate among demonstration farms connected to irrigation, resulting in a shortage of agricultural water and a resolution of supply imbalances.

PURPOSES : The number of snowfall and the amount of snowfall are gradually increasing, and due to the characteristics of Seoul, which has a lot of traffic, it is difficult to respond quickly with a snow removal method that relies on snow removal vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an IoT based eco-friendly snow removal system that can respond to unexpected heavy snow in winter. In this study, the low temperature operation and snow removal performance of the IoT road condition snow removal detector and the snow removal system using CNT and PCM are evaluated in the climatic environment chamber. METHODS : To make artificial snow, it consists of an climatic environment chamber that can simulate a low temperature environment and equipment that can supply compressed air and cold water. Depending on the usage characteristics of the climatic environment chamber, use an air-water type snow maker. In order to make artificial snow, wet temperature, which takes into account the actual air temperature and the amount of moisture in the air, acts as the most important variable and is suitable for making snow, below –1.5 ℃. The lower the water temperature, the easier it is to freeze, so the water source was continuously supplied at 0 ℃ to 4 ℃. One of the two different pipes is connected to the water tank to supply water, and the other pipe is connected to the compressor to supply high-pressure air. Water is dispersed by compressed air in the form of many small droplets. The sprayed microscopic water particles freeze quickly in the low temperature environmental climatic chamber air and naturally fall to the floor, forming snow. Based on the KS C IEC 60068-2-1 cold resistance test standard, an integrated environmental test procedure was prepared to apply to IoT-based snow removal systems and performance evaluation was performed accordingly. The IoT based eco-friendly snow removal system is needed to in winter, so visual check and inspect the operation at the climatic chamber before setting up it to the actual site. In addition, grid type equipment was manufactured for consistent and reliable snow removal performance evaluation under controlled environmental conditions. RESULTS : The IoT-based eco-friendly snow removal system normally carried out the task of acquiring data and images without damaging the appearance or freezing in a low temperature environment. It showed clear snow removal performance in areas where PCM and CNT heating technology were applied to the concrete slab. This experiment shows that normal snow removal tasks can be carried out in low temperature environments in winter. CONCLUSIONS : The integrated environmental test procedures and grid type evaluation equipment are applied to low temperature operation and snow removal performance evaluation of snow removal systems. In the climatic environment chamber, where low temperature environments can be simulated, artificial snow is created regardless of the season to derive quantitative experimental results on snow removal performance. PCM and CNT heating technology showed high snow removal performance. The system is expected to be applied to road site situations to preemptively respond to unexpected heavy snow in winter.

PURPOSES : In this study, an existing speed-controlled Marshall stability tester was systemized as an Internet of Things(IoT) system. The Marshall stability test data were transmitted to the cloud in real-time, and an IoT optional-controlled board capable of additional load and displacement control was proposed. METHODS : The IoT systemization was built based on an improvement of an IoT height measuring system, the re-verification of standard samples for comparative analysis, and the development of a wireless IG-IoT board. The developed wireless Induk-GeoTS(IG)-IoT board was compared with existing commercial data logger using displacement- and load- calibration equipment. After the conformity of the developed wireless IoT board was established, a urethane standard sample was reproduced and verified using the recipe presented in a previous study to conduct a round-robin test. In addition, the adequacy of the speed, load, and displacement control tests for the optional-controlled characteristics was verified. the round-robin test for the Marshall stability and deformation strength and the comparative test of indirect tensile strength with the existing Marshall tester were performed using the re-verified standard sample. RESULTS : The improved two-point IoT height measurement system reduced the average relative error by 2.11% relative to the one-point measurement. From the re-verification results of the regenerated urethane standard sample, it was suitable with relative error of 3.65% in the loading elastic modulus and 4.07% in the unloading elastic modulus, compared to the existing standard sample. From the comparative analysis of the developed wireless IG-IoT board and existing commercial data logger, it was confirmed that the wireless IoT board could be reliably used, based on the average relative error of the wireless IoT board, 0.64% and that of the data logger, 3.79% in terms of the displacement(flow value) and an average relative error of 0.78% for the wireless IoT board and 0.79% for the data logger in terms of the load(stability). By analyzing the optional-controlled characteristics, it was found that the Marshall stability speed control conditions were satisfied based on the error results, with an average relative value of 2.96% under deformation strength test condition of 30mm/min, 3.23% under the indirect tensile strength test condition of 50mm/min, and 2.6% under the Marshall stability test condition of 50.8mm/min. It was also found that proper control characteristics were obtained, with an average relative error of 0.72% within the experimental load range in the load control conditions, and an average relative error of 2.4% in the experimental displacement range in the displacement control conditions. The results from the round-robin Marshall stability and deformation strength testing to verify the applicability of the IoT optional-controlled board show that the data were reliable based on the 3σ quality control method. In addition, by comparing the results of the indirect tensile strength tests, the usability of the wireless IG-IoT board was verified, with an average relative error of 0.96%. CONCLUSIONS : The IoT height measuring system was improved, and a wireless IG-IoT board that can transmit test data to a cloud platform was developed. The usability of the developed wireless IoT board was verified by round-robin testing using a re-verified urethane specimen. The IG-IoT optional-controlled board extends the verified wireless IG-IoT board, it was developed and validated for not only the existing speed control, but also for load, and displacement control.

기후 변화에 따른 이상기상 등 농업환경변화에 따른 농작물의 생산성 및 품질 저하 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 최근에는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 정보통신기술(Information & Communications Technology; ICT), 사물인터넷 (Internet of Things; IoT) 및 인공지능(Artificial Intelligence; AI) 등을 이용한 지능한 작물 모델 개발과 정보화 자원 구축 등의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 국내의 ICT를 적용한 스마트팜은 비닐하우스와 같은 시설 내부 환경을 제어하는 기술로 구성되어 있으나 국내 농경지 면적의 95%는 노지로 되어 있어 노지에 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 농업 ICT 기술 이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 노지 작물의 지능형 생육 환경 모델 개발을 위한 IoT 기반 환경 데이터 획득 시스 템을 구축하고 시계열 계측을 통해 농작물 생육의 주요 인자인 토양 수분과 토양 온도의 변화 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 본 실험은 전북 완주군 소재 국립식량과학원 풍산나물콩 및 대풍콩 재배 포장에 환경데이터 획득 시스템을 구축하였으며 IoT 기반 토양센서(Sentek Drill&Drop, Australia)을 통해 토양의 수분 및 온도를 측정하였다. 토양 센 서는 서로 간섭을 최소화하기 위해 일정 간격으로 설치하고 지면으로부터 전극을 깊이 30 cm 까지 삽입시킨 후 20년 07월 04일부터 20년 10월 07일까지 깊이 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm의 토양 수분 및 온도의 시계열 변화를 비교 분 석하였다. 토양 수분 및 온도 변화는 지면으로부터 깊이 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm 순으로 크게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결 과는 4차 산업 기술의 농업적 적용성을 높이기 위한 빅데이터 구축 및 노지 스마트팜 기술 기반 확보를 위한 자료 로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study concerns the integrated gas sensor system of wire and wireless communication by using IoT(Internet of Things) technology. First, communication part is that it delivers the detection information, which transferred by wire or wireless communication and required control procedure based on a wireless module that receives the gas leakage information from wired or wireless detector, to administrator or user’s terminal. Second, receiver part is that it shows the location and information, which received from the wired detector formed by a detecting sensor’s node as linking with the communication part, and transfers these to the communication part. Third, wireless detector formed as a communication module of a detecting sensor node is that it detects gas leakage and transfers the information through wireless as a packet.Fourth, wired detector communicated with the receiver part and formed as a communication module of a detecting sensor node is that it detects gas leakage, transfers and shows the information as a packet. Fifth, administrator’s terminal is that it receives gas leakage information by the communication part, transfers the signal by remote-control, and shut off a gas valve as responding the information. Sixth, database is that it is connected with the communication part; it sets and stores the default values for detecting smoke, CO., and temperature; it transfers this information to the communication part or sends a gas detecting signal to user’s terminal. Seventh, user’s terminal is that it receives each location’s default value which stored and set at the database; it manages emergency situation as shutting off a gas valve through remote control by corresponding each location’s gas leakage information, which transferred from the detector to the communication part by wireless.It is possible to process a high quality data regarding flammable or toxic gas by transferring the data, which measured by a sensor module of detector, to the communication part through wire and wireless. And, it allows a user to find the location by a smart phone where gas leaks. Eventually, it minimizes human life or property loss by having stability on gas leakage as well as corresponding each location’s information quickly.

We developed a small sensor observation system (SSOS) at a relatively low cost to observe the atmospheric boundary layer. The accuracy of the SSOS sensor was compared with that of the automatic weather system (AWS) and meteorological tower at the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Comparisons between SSOS sensors and KMA sensors were carried out by dividing into ground and lower atmosphere. As a result of comparing the raw data of the SSOS sensor with the raw data of AWS and the observation tower by applying the root-mean-square-error to the error, the corresponding values were within the error tolerance range (KMA meteorological reference point: humidity ± 5%, atmospheric pressure ± 0.5 hPa, temperature ± 0.5℃. In the case of humidity, even if the altitude changed, it tends to be underestimated. In the case of temperature, when the altitude rose to 40 m above the ground, the value changed from underestimation to overestimation. However, it can be confirmed that the errors are within the KMA’s permissible range after correction.

In this study, plant pipeline diagnosis system based on IoT(Internet of Things)was developed. The system consists of three parts : sensor system, omnicube system and pipeline safety assessment solutions. The plant pipeline diagnosis system was constructed in plant pipeline and was validated field applicability. Plant pipeline diagnosis system based on IoT is appropriate for plant pipeline safety monitoring.

The importance of plant pipe rack safety management has been increased. In this study, a plant safety management system based on IoT(Internet of Things) was constructed in Yeosu Industrial Complex. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural characteristics performance and structural health monitoring of pipe rack using measured data

In this study, a plant safety management system based on IoT(Internet of Things) was developed. The system consists of three parts : smart sensing technology, wireless networking technology and smart plant safety services. The safety management system was constructed in Yeosu Industrial Complex and was validated field applicability in plant. The IoT plant safety management system is appropriate for plant industrial structures.