This study examines the correlation between livestock odor civil petitions and the establishment of malodor control areas in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, focusing on swine farms where numerous civil petitions regarding malodors have been received. After the designation of the malodor control areas, high odor concentrations occurred in Aewoleup and Jocheon-eup, and the odor concentration decreased in other areas. The number of civil petitions shows a consistent annual trend, with increased petitions from March, peaking during summer (July and August), and decreasing from September into winter. In Jeju-si, there were many civil petitions in Hallim-eup and Aewol-eup where there were many malodor control areas. However, in Seogwipo-si, there were also many civil petitions in Pyoseonmyeon, where there is no malodor control area. Additionally, we compared the average multiple of compound malodors and the rate of exceeding the maximum allowable emission level for compound malodors with the number of livestock malodor civil petitions to assess the actual state of malodors. The results reveal a stronger correlation between the number of civil petitions and the rate of exceeding the compound malodors allowable emission level than the average multiple for compound malodors. These findings provide valuable insights into addressing livestock odor concerns and enhancing malodor control measures in Jeju Island.

n this research, the dose rate was measured using backpack-type scan survey device at 4 sites on Jeju Island, and the radioactivity ratio for each nuclide was evaluated using an high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. As a result of measuring the dose rate with a backpack-type scan survey device, the average dose rate was the lowest in the measurement site 3 at 0.049 Sv/h, and the highest in the measurement site 1 at 0.066 Sv/h. The average dose rate of the 4 sites on Jeju Island was 0.056 Sv/h, and the dose rate on Jeju Island was lower than that of other regions. The data acquired by scan survey were interpreted using classed post and gridding function of surfer program. The radioactivity ratio of each nuclide in the gamma spectrum measured by the HPGe detector was the highest for K-40 with an average of 87.62%, and the lowest for Pb-214 with an average of 0.63%. In the case of the Jeju Island site, Cs-137 was detected, and the average radioactivity ratio of Cs-137 was 3.27%, which was the background level. The results of this research can be used as basic data on the radioactivity ratio for each nuclide and dose rate at the Jeju Island site. Further studies on the assessment of dose rates and radioactivity ratios in other regions are needed.

In the coastal areas of Jeju Island, composed of volcanic rocks, saltwater intrusion occurs due to excessive pumping and geological characteristics. Groundwater level and electrical conductivity (EC) in multi-depth monitoring wells in coastal areas were characterized from 2005 to 2019. During the period of the lowest monthly precipitation, from November 2017 until February 2018, groundwater level decreased by 0.32-0.91 m. During the period of the highest monthly precipitation, from September 2019 until October 2019, groundwater level increased by 0.46-2.95 m. Groundwater level fluctuation between the dry and wet seasons ranged from 0.79 to 3.73 m (average 1.82 m) in the eastern area, from 0.47 to 6.57 m (average 2.55 m) in the western area, from 0.77 to 8.59 m (average 3.53 m) in the southern area, and from 1.06 to 12.36 m (average 5.92 m) in the northern area. In 2013, when the area experienced decreased annual precipitation, at some monitoring wells in the western area, the groundwater level decreased due to excessive groundwater pumping and saltwater intrusion. Based on EC values of 10,000 μS/cm or more, saltwater intrusion from the coastline was 10.2 km in the eastern area, 4.1 km in the western area, 5.8 km in the southern area, and 5.7 km in the northern area. Autocorrelation analysis of groundwater level revealed that the arithmetic mean of delay time was 0.43 months in the eastern area, 0.87 months in the northern area, 10.93 months in the southern area, and 17.02 months in the western area. Although a few monitoring wells were strongly influenced by nearby pumping wells, the cross-correlation function of the groundwater level was the highest with precipitation in most wells. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model indicated that the groundwater level will decrease in most wells in the western area and decrease or increase in different wells in the eastern area.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate vulnerability of drought in small island areas. Vulnerability assessment factors of drought were selected by applying the factor analysis. Ninety Eup/Myon areas in small island were evaluated to vulnerability of drought by entropy method adapting objective weights. Vulnerability consisted of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. A total of 22 indicators were used to evaluate and analyze vulnerability of drought in small island areas. The results of entropy method showed that winter rainfall, no rainfall days, agricultural population rate, cultivation area rate, water supply rate and groundwater capacity have a significant impact on drought assessment. The overall assessment of vulnerability indicated that Seodo-myeon Ganghwa-gun, Seolcheon-myeon Namhae-gun and Samsan-myeon Ganghwa-gun were the most vulnerable to drought. Especially Ganghwa-gun should be considered policy priority to establish drought measures in the future, because it has a high vulnerability of drought.

본 연구는 제주 연안에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집의 특성과 계적적 변동을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 제주도 조간대 지역에서 20개의 조사지점을 선정하였으며, 2017년 4월부터 2019년 2월까지 총 8회의 조사를 수행하였다. 조사결과, 조사지점 당 중형저서동물의 밀도는 733~2,505 inds. 10 cm-2였으며, 2017년 4월에 밀도가 가장 높았고 2019년 2월에 가장 낮았다. 모든 조사지점에서 Nematode 가 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, copepod와 nauplius가 그 다음 우점 분류군으로 조사되었다. 생태계 건강성을 나타내는 Nematods/Copepods ratio (N/C ratio)는 2017년 4월에 가장 낮은 값인 0.02, 2019년 2월에 가장 높은 값인 87.40으로 산출되었으며, 이는 조사지점의 건강성이 악화 되었음을 의미한다. Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) 분석 결과는 제주 연안의 중형저서동물 군집구조는 지역적 차이보다는 계절적 변동에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받고 있음을 나타냈다. 제주도의 중형저서동물 군집의 계절적 변동 특성을 보다 명확히 이해하기 위해서, 추가적인 군집조사와 환경 인자와의 상관관계 분석이 후속 연구로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The objective of this study was to construct Italian ryegrass (IRG) dry matter yield (DMY) estimation models in South Korea based on climatic data by locations. Obviously, the climatic environment of Jeju Island has great differences with Korean Peninsula. Meanwhile, many data points were from Jeju Island in the prepared data set. Statistically significant differences in both DMY values and climatic variables were observed between south areas of Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island. Therefore, the estimation models were constructed separately for south areas of Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island separately. For south areas of Korean Peninsula, a data set with a sample size of 933 during 26 years was used. Four optimal climatic variables were selected through a stepwise approach of multiple regression analysis with DMY as the response variable. Subsequently, via general linear model, the final model including the selected four climatic variables and cultivated locations as dummy variables was constructed. The model could explain 37.7% of the variations in DMY of IRG in south areas of Korean Peninsula. For Jeju Island, a data set containing 130 data points during 17 years were used in the modeling construction via the stepwise approach of multiple regression analysis. The model constructed in this research could explain 51.0% of the variations in DMY of IRG. For the two models, homoscedasticity and the assumption that the mean of the residuals were equal to zero were satisfied. Meanwhile, the fitness of both models was good based on most scatters of predicted DMY values fell within the 95% confidence interval.

본 연구는 일본 고베시 로코아일랜드 완충녹지의 공간기능별 지형구조, 식재개념, 식재구조를 조사분석하여 해안매립도시의 토지이용을 고려한 완충녹지 식재기법 연구 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 로코아일랜드(총면적 580ha)는 대규모 완충녹지를 박스형으로 조성하여 외곽부의 항만물류 산업용지와 도시내부 도시기능용지로 구획되었다. 완충녹지 지형구조는 편향마운딩형, 병렬마운딩형, 복합마운딩형이었고, 북쪽의 녹지폭은 50m, 동쪽의 녹지폭은 8~32m, 서쪽의 녹지폭은 37.5m, 경사도는 18~25˚, 성토고는 2~15m이었다. 공간기능별 재개념은 해안측 사면부는 경관식재와 완충식재, 도시내부는 경관식재와 녹음식재를 적용하였다. 북측 완충녹지 식재구조 조사결과, 종가시나무, 녹나무, 후박나무, 녹보리똥나무 등 난온대 상록활엽수를 식재하였고, 100mm2단위의 종수 및 식재밀도는 최대 교목 9종 22주, 아교목 9종 15주, 관목 3종 67주로 전 층위 14종 104주이었다. 녹피율은 교목층 69~139%, 아교목층 26~38%, 관목층 6~7%, 전 층위 101~184%, 녹지용적계수는 교목층 1.40~3.12m3/m2, 아교목층 0.43~0.55m3/m2, 관목층 0.06m3/m2, 전 층위 1.89~3.73m3/m2이었다.

우리나라에 있는 보호지역의 보존 및 관리에 대한 제반 문제의 해결을 위한 한 접근방법으로 도서생물지리학과 서식처 분획화 이론의 적용에 대한 검토를 하였다. 최근 생물적 다양성의 파괴와 함께 급격히 증가하고 있는 보호지역내 자연 서식처에 대한 적절하고 신속한 조치가 필요하며. 이러한 요구에 부응하여 우리나라 보호지역의 효과적인 관리를 위한 제반 검토를 하였다. 우리나라의 식물상은 주로 인간의 간섭에 의해 계속 변화할 것이다. 다양한 내용의 위협에 처해 있는 우리나라 보호지역의 보존과 관리에 대한 이의 바람직한 해결을 위해서는 결과적으로 동, 식물상 또는 집단이나 종 등의 개별적인 접근이 아닌 종합적인 접근방법을 필요로 하고 있다. 이러한 접근방법은 서식처, 종 및 집단의 관리에 대한 위협의 종류, 유효성과 잠재성 등을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있기 때문이다. 우리나라 보호지역의 보존전략에 대한 도서생물지리학과 서식처 분획화 및 주연부효과 이론 등의 적용은 현존의 서식처 패치에 대한 격리 및 분획화등의 역동적인 관계에 대한 이해를 보다용이하게 해주게 될 것이다. 또한 이러한 접근방법은 우리나라 식물상의 분포특성 및 현상에 대한 제반 지식에 기초를 둔 식물의 보존책의 하나로 이는 우리나라의 보호지역의 보존에 대한 보다 합리적인 접근방법이 될 것이다. 또한 이러한 적용을 기초로 하여 최소활성화집단의 규모 등의 개념 도입은 식물과 서식처 보존의 보다 바람직한 해결을 위한 종합적인 한 방법이 되리라 생각된다.

This study examines the changes in environmental resource perception and residential areas on Jeju Island. This study focuses on Jeju Island, which has prepared a legal framework for the total amount of environmental resources. The study identifies Jeju residents and non-provincial citizens, analyzes the differences between them, and suggests the future direction of the total amount system for environmental resources. This study aims to provide essential data necessary for successfully implementing the assigned environmental resources. This will contribute to sustainable growth and preserving valuable environmental resources in an era where environmental importance is increasing. The findings indicate that both Jeju residents and non-provincial citizens are satisfied with the current environmental resources on the island. However, when comparing past and current environmental resources, Jeju residents generally indicated lower satisfaction over time, whereas non-provincial citizens perceived an improvement over time. While overall satisfaction with the natural and local environment remains high, there is a notable increase in perception regarding the ecological value of plants, wildlife, wetlands, and Gotjawal areas compared to the past. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating these high-priority components into the total environmental resource system for future consideration.

In this study, the spatio-temporal patterns of summertime thermal environments in the two subtropical cities (Jeju and Seogwipo) of Jeju Island, Korea are examined. Long-term average data from Jeju and Seogwipo show that higher human sensible temperature (HST) than air temperature (T) due to the high humidity effects associated with warm sea surface temperature around Jeju Island is most distinct during mid-summer period (late July-early August). Comparatively, their trend analyses reveal that summertime intra-seasonal changes with more increasing HST than T are most obviously observed in late summer (late September-early October) and regionally in Seogwipo. According to the hourly temperature-humidity data measured at approximately 30 HOBO temperature-humidity sensors deployed in the two subtropical cities during 2019 summer, the greater HST than T during mid-summer period maximizes up to 6.2°C and 7.0°C across the urban areas of Jeju and Seogwipo, respectively in early afternoon, leading to consecutive inter-daily heat wave events. The examination of their spatial patterns demonstrates that bioclimatic heat waves in these two subtropical cities are affected primarily by the urban heat island phenomenon. However, it should not be overlooked that local moisture advection from the warm ocean adjacent to the subtropical cities can modify the stronger heat wave pattern toward urban cores. It is also notable that according to comparisons of local HST and T distributions between impervious urban cores and neighboring urban parks, not only the size of green space but also other ecological properties including species of vegetation may be crucial factors to the mitigation of hot thermal environments in subtropical cities during summers.

This study classifies the types of spatio-functional differentiation in Korean island areas and analyses typical characters and suggests the development directions by each type. Eup/Myeon-level island areas are classified as six types by the factor analysis and the cluster analysis. First type is the traditional rural center. This type puts emphasis on maintaining phase as the central space and has to maximize development potential of the whole of settlement zone. Second type is the specialized region in manufacturing industry and the qualitative mutual growth of regional industries is able to be suggested. Third type is the specialized region in the neighborhood service provision. This type needs to devise the plan for utilizing potential customers actively and developing into the region specialized in tourism industry. Fourth type is the specialized region in tourism-support service functions. This type has to promote differentiated policies for maintaining amenity infra or value of countryside capital and preservation and utilization of resources by regional features. Fifth type is the fishing industry-dominated region. This type has to promote sustainable fishery development through the policy reflecting regional features and condition. Finally, sixth type is the sluggish region dominated with the traditional agriculture and fishery. This type is needed to aim at developing into the new food production base having the advantage of clean environment by strengthening support in specialized agro-fishery products. The existing researches on spatio-functional differentiation were mostly discussed with respect to land development, but this study highlights the difference in deal with the island areas distinguished from the condition of industry.

We examined urban heat island intensity in Seongseo, Dae gu, South Korea, where a large area of water is located within the suburb. We found a maximum urban heat island intensity of 4.2℃, which occurred around 7 PM in the summer season. Throughout the remainder of the year, we observed the largest heat island intensity levels during late night hours. In contrast, the winter season displayed the smallest values for heat island intensity. Our results conflicted with heat island intensity values for cities where suburbs did not contain water areas. Generally, cities with suburbs lacking water displayed the largest heat island intensity levels before sunrise in the winter season. We also observed negative urban heat island intensity levels at midday in all seasons except for the summer, which is also in contrast with studies examining suburbs lacking water areas. The heat island intensity value observed in this study (4.2℃) was relatively large and fell between the averages for, Asia and Europe according to the relationship between urban population and heat island intensity.

The island areas have disadvantageous conditions compared to inland areas due to the characteristics which are separated, surrounded by seas, isolated. However, as the problems with separation that ultimately caused regional underdevelopment in island areas have been eased by the artificial works linking an island to land and the societal perspective on littoral districts has changed from productive view to consumptive view, the population trend in the island areas has been differentiated according to the regional conditions. But it is the reality that the population trend in the island areas has almost never been analyzed. In this regard, this study tried to analyze the overall demographic transition in eup/myon-level island areas and provide the basic data to establish flexibly and accurately regional development policies for island areas in rural As a result, as the regional conditions of island areas become more various, the potential and conditions of development have been differentiated and these trends will be more intensified. In response, the regional development policies for island areas in rural have to be reorganized actively.

By the continued island-mainland bridging works, increased consumer demand for seashore regions and fundamental improvement of accessibility to metropolitan areas, rural service industries in the island areas has been rapidly developed in the past decades, and also, their functions differentiated geographically. In most island areas, catering and accommodation sectors have been expanded, while traditional trading sector decreasing. And the dominant power of public sectors has been increased but private ones decreased. So, the overall development trends of service industries in island areas would be considered as unhealthy for rural economic sustainability. As a tentative solution, it may be proposed that through the functional specialization/differentiation and efficient linking/networking of rural service industries with multifunctionality of countryside capitals, their spatial cohesion would be strengthened.

It is necessary to draw up many plans to solve problems in the management of groundwater resources in Jeju Island while systematically develop and utilize water resources at an optimal level. It also seems to an evitable option to establish Groundwater Management Areas in Jeju Island. The excess use of groundwater could be discouraged by imposing charges on those licenses. Such policy as allowance trading system do not appear to be because of transaction costs, but could be applied if only were accompanied by complementary method. The methods of using and conserving the limited resources of groundwater should be founded through socially agreeable and appropriate ways. The policy complemented allowance trading system by Pigouian tax could be effective to regulate licenses. This is cutting the numbers of licenses at a constant rate, imposing charges on those who want to continue using licenses, and reimbursing in cash to those who return the licenses.