The present study was undertaken to investigate the quality characteristics of Korean Woori black pig (KWP) bellies and loins by different slaughter weight (SW) groups. The loin and belly samples collected from KWPs with different body weights (50, 75, 90, 105, and 120 kg) at 24 h post-mortem were used in the present investigation. The samples were analyzed for quality traits, fatty acid profiles, and volatile flavor compounds. Results showed that the fat content of the loin (8.64%) and belly samples (46.78%) was significantly higher in the 120 kg SW group compared to those of other SW groups (p<0.05). However, a lower protein content (12.20-12.67%) was found in the belly cuts of the heavier SW groups (105-120 kg) compared to those of the lighter SW groups (p<0.05). The lowest cooking loss (24.34%) was found in the loin cuts of the 120 kg SW group (p<0.05). Both the loin and belly cuts were observed to be redder in color with increasing SW (p<0.05). Higher oleic acid (C18:1, n9) and total monounsaturated fatty acid content and lower linolenic acid(C18:3, n3) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid content were observed in both cuts of the 120 kg SW group (p<0.05). Out of the flavor compounds identified, 11 and 17 compounds in the loin and belly, respectively, were associated with the SW. An increase in the SW resulted in increased concentrations of C18:1n9- and amino acid-derived flavor compounds. Overall, the meat samples of the heavier SW groups (120 kg) exhibited better quality and higher concentrations of volatile compounds associated with pleasant flavors. However, the meat of the 120 kg SW group also contained a much higher fat level (8.64 and 46.78% in the loin and belly, respectively) that may result in high trimming loss and hence a high rejection risk by consumers.

The objective of this study was to explore the role of familiarity in cross-cultural product perception and perception changes according to food systems (hot sauce and spicy-chicken) in Korean and US consumers. Free choice profiling was conducted by Korean and US consumers on four spicy-chicken samples made using four hot sauce samples. Half of the hot sauce samples were selected to be more familiar to US consumers and vice versa to Korean consumers. A previous study that investigated cross-cultural perceptions of the same four hot sauce samples in US and Korean consumers was incorporated in this study. For distinct sample differences, US and Korean consumers perceived products similarly. However, for less obvious differences, flavor familiarity seemed to affect consumers’ product perceptions. In addition, product perceptions changed more dramatically according to food systems for familiar samples in each country. The findings of this study show that consumers’ product perception can be affected by flavor familiarities.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the changes of water-soluble flavor precursors in loin and top round from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef during aging at 2℃ for 14 days. The glycogen, glucose and lactate contents were not significantly influenced by beef parts and aging. Among nucleotide-related compounds, inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) and inosine contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in loin compared with top round but hypoxanthine content was not significantly different between beef parts. Moreover, during aging, IMP content significantly (p<0.05) decreased while inosine and hypoxanthine contents significantly (p<0.05) increased. It is concluded that aging highly affected the nucleotide-related compounds among water-soluble flavor precursors in loin and top round from Hanwoo.

The changes of the color, texture and volatile flavor compounds of Yu-gwa were investigated that affected by the oxidation during storage to characteristic Yu-gwa quality. Among the proximate compositions, carbohydrate was the most abundant component, and followed by lipid and moisture. Although the change of the color showed different pattern by the packaging materials during the storage period, the value of yellowness(b) increased but that of lightness(L) decreased dramatically after 3 month storage. In the textural properties reported closely related with the moisture content, hardness was fairly affected on the period of the storage rather than the type of packaging materials. The flavor compounds of Yu-gwa were analyzed to evaluate the change of distinct volatile compounds during storage. Of the twenty one separated volatile compounds, major volatiles were aldehydes, alcohols and alkenes. The results also showed that polyethylene(PE) contained less volatiles than polypropylene(PP) by the oxidation process during storage.2,4-Decadienal was gradually increased with the period of the storage, whereas octane and furan were decreased. The results provided that the change of the flavor distribution during the storage, and also the possibility of the volatiles such as hexanal, nonanal and 2,4-decadienal as the indicator for the oxidation process.

식품의 향기를 포접하여 향기성분을 순화시키는 성질을 지닌 β-cyclodextrin을 청국장에 0%, 10%, 20% 및 30%씩 첨가하여 청국장의 냄새에 대한 포접효과를 살펴보면, β-cyclodextrin을 20% 대체한 시료의 단백질과 회분양은 control 시료보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 지방량과 탄수화물량은 대체시료가 control 시료보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 시료의 L값은 β-cydodextrin을 30%대체한 시료가 53.99로 가장 밝게 평가되었고, 대체수준이 10%일 때 L값은 51.81으로 유의적으로 가장 낮은 수치를 보이며 색이 더 진하게 평가 되었다. 시료의 a값은 대체 수준이 증가할수록 감소하여 붉은 정도가 옅어지었다. 시료의 b값은 대체량이 증가할수록 시료의 노란정도가 점점 옅어짐을 나타내었다. 시료 입자의 내부구조 조직을 주사전자 현미경으로 관찰한 결과, control 시료의 내부구조는 점질물질이 불규칙 한 모양으로 뭉쳐져 있거나 거칠게 퍼져 있음을 볼 수 있었으며, 첨가수준이 증가할수록 불규칙하고 거친 내부조직이 점차 감소하여 30% 대체 시료에서는 매끈하고 안정된 조직감과 내부구조를 보여 주었다. 관능적 특성에 대한 결과, 청국장 시료의 구수한 냄새는 시료의 대체수준이 20% 이상으로 될 때 구수한 냄새는 6.65에서 6.78의 수치를 보이며 유의적으로 다소 감소하여 구수한 냄새가 약하게 나타났다. 시료의 이취는 β-cyclodextrin을 대체량을 20%로 증가한 시료에서 control 시료의 이취보다 유의적인 감소를 보여 주었다. (p〈0.05). 시료의 짠맛은 20% 대체시료군이 control 시료의 짠맛보다 유의적으로 현저히 감소하였으며, 쓴맛은 control 시료에 비하여 모든 대체시료군이 낮은 수치로 쓴맛이 약해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상으로 β-cyclodextrin으로 청국장을 포접시엔 특히, 구수한 냄새 이취 및 짠맛을 순화하는 경향이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study was carried out in order to analyzed the changes in nitrogen containing taste compounds of three different types of traditional Korean soy sauce with varing ripening period, and to investigates correlation between sensory characteristics and taste compounds contents via contents assay and sensory evaluation of soy sauce samples. Total nitrogen, ammonia type nitrogen and amino type nitrogen contents showed the highest value in Kyupjang. 17 kinds of free amino acid was detected in Chungjangs and 16 kinds of free amino acid was detected in Kyupjang. Nucleotides and their related compounds detected were hypoxanthin, xanthin, IMP, AMP, Inosine, ADP. Free amino acid and nucleotides and their related compounds contents were highest in Kyupjang. Nitrogen related compounds content of high concentration soy sauce ripened over 150 days increased similarly with Kyupjang. In the sensory evaluation of soy sauce taste, Chungjang samples acquired the highest score in the offensive taste test while Kyupjang marked highest score for sweet taste, nutty taste, taste preference. High concentration soy sauce ripend over 150 days yielded the result similar to that of Kyupjang. Sweet taste showed positive correlation with nitrogen compounds. The materials that showed positive correlation with nutty and traditional soy sauce taste and taste preference were nitrogen compound, IMP, AMP. Except for tryptophan, all free amino acid showed positive correlation with nutty and traditional soy sauce taste. Particulary, taste preference correlated to lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.

This study was carried out in order to investigate general characteristics, sugars and organic acids contents of Korean traditional soy sauce, and to find out possibility of high quality soy sauce production in a short period through high concentration soy sauce making. In this study, we prepared three different types of soy sauce, low concentration soy sauce (Chungjang), high concentration soy sauce and Kyupjang, high quality traditional Korean soy sauce. pH of soy sauce were 4.46~4.90 and did not show difference among three samples. Titratable acidity, buffering power and total free acid content were the highest value in Kyupjang. Kyupjang showed the highest contents of salt and pure extract. As the ripening period increased, the salt content increased in Chungjang samples, but decreased in Kyupjang. Reducing sugar contents of Kyupjang, high concentration soy sauce and low concentration soy sauce were 1.13%, 0.76% and 0.53%, respectively. Free sugar in soy sauce were analyzed maltose, glucose, galactose and fructose. Total free sugar content was highest in high concentration soy sauce, however, contents of glucose and fructose were higher in Kyupjang than in Chungjang samples. Galactose was the main free sugar in Chungjang, but glucose was in Kyupjang. Among identified volatile organic acid, acetic acid was present in the highest concentration, and volatile organic acid content was highest in the high concentration soy sauce at 150 days. 20 nonvolatile organic acids were detected in Korean traditional soy sauce. Succinic acid, lactic acid and 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid were the main nonvolatile organic acid in soy sauce.

한국산(韓國産) 야생 산채류인 맑은대쑥의 휘발성 풍미성분을 수증기 증류법으로 추출해서 GC와 GC-MS 조합에 의하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 hydrocarbons 17종류, alcohols 6종류, aldehydes 2종류, oxide 1종류, 그리고 furans 3종류 등 총 29개의 성분이 확인되었다.

The characteristics of the components related to the meat taste of the commercial broiler (CB) and the Korean native chicken (KNC) were compared. The breast meat from CB showed higher amounts of C16:1 and C18:2 but lower amounts of C16:0 and C22:6. The thigh meat from CB showed a higher amount of C18:1 but lower amounts of C16:0, C18:0, C20:4, and C22:6. The flavor- and taste-contributing amino acids, including aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, and arginine, were significantly higher in the KNC breast meat, but the level of amino acids in the thigh meat were not different between the two breeds. The measurement of the volatile compounds revealed that CB contains much higher volatile compounds compared to KNC in their fresh breast and thigh meat. Both in the breast and thigh meat, however, the amount of flavor compounds increased significantly after cooking; as such, KNC turned out to have more flavor compounds than CB.

한국산 참깨와 중국산 참깨를 구별해낼 수 있는 보다 합리적이고 과학적인 실험방법을 모색하고자 한국산 및 중국산 참기름의 향기 성분을 분석하였고, 또한 전자코 장치를 이용하여 한국산 및 중국산 참깨로 제조한 참기름의 판별이 가능한지를 MANOVA 분석, 판별분석의 통계기법을 사용하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 참기름의 향기성분 분석 결과 한국품종 한국산은 41개 성분을 확인하였고, 중국품종 중국산은 39개 성분을 확인하였다. 주성분은 참깨의 고소