The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of black carrot (Daucus carota L.) on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of pork patties. Patties were provided with different amounts (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) of black carrot. Notably, the cooking loss rate of the group added with 8% black carrot was lowest (p<0.001). As the content of black carrot increased, the L value decreased and the a, b value increased. The texture analysis results showed that the hardness and chewiness to decrease as the amount of black carrot increased (p<0.05). Evaluation of consumer acceptability revealed that the 4% black carrot groups had a higher score in respect to overall preference and taste to the other groups (p<0.05). For antioxidant activities, both total phenolic compounds content and DPPH were increased (p<0.001) as the amount of added black carrot was increased. As a result, it can be concluded that adding the black carrot to patties in processing can improve antioxidant activities and quality of the patties. Considering various aspects of quality, the suitable amount is 4% of total weight.

In this study Muffins adding each 0, 1, 3, 5 7% of Acai Berry powder, which has very high anti-oxidant constituent, have been made, and its quality characteristics have been surveyed. From the volume and specific volume measurement, it has been decreased for MA1, 1% of Acai Berry powder added muffin, but the tendency thereafter has shown increasing (p<0.001). From texture characteristics gumminess and chewiness of MA0, reference group, was the highest by 885.86 g/ cm and 6645.71 g, and has shown decreasing tendency as per the adding rate of Acai Berry powder increased (0.001). The electronics scavenging activity of MA7, 7% added muffin, was the highest by 68.91%, and the ascending order was MA1 < Reference Group < MA3 < MA5 < MA7. From the preference test of Acai Berry powder added muffin, MA3, 3% added muffin, was the most preferable one from color, taste as well as total preference. As the added volume of Acai Berry powder is 5% or more, the typical taste and flavor of Acai Berry gives influence to the taste and flavor of muffin, so the preference level has been decreased. Thus the added volume of Acai Berry powder 5% or more is not recommendable.

This study was investigated cranberry powder substituted for flour in pound cake recipes with the amounts of 0, 4, 7, 10, and 13%. Cranberry powder have of 6.47% of moisture content, 3.38% of crude protein, 4.92% of crude fat and 0.43% of crude ash. No significant difference in weight was found from increased cranberry powder concentration. Volume and specific loaf volume have decreased as the cranberry powder content increased. No significant difference in moisture and brix was found from increased cranberry powder concentration. pH have decreased as the cranberry powder content increased. ‘L’ and ‘b’ decreased with an increase in the cranberry powder concentration, but ‘a’ increased. The texture measurement result showed that the hardness and chewiness of cake have decreased as the cranberry powder content increased. springiness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness showed no significant difference with the increasing amount of caked cranberry. Overall preference scores showed a high overall acceptability for the cake made with 7% cranberry powder

본 연구는 유화형 소시지와 유사한 향미성분을 갖는 저지방 소시지를 개발하기 위해 지방에서 유래하는 향미성분의 전구체인 아미노산과 당을 첨가하여 기존의 유화형 소시지와 유사한 향미를 갖는 저지방 소시지의 개발을 위해 실시하였다. 저지방 소시지에서 지방감소로 인한 향미성분의 변화는 당과 아미노산을 첨가함으로써 대부분의 향미성분이 유화형 소시지와 비슷한 농도를 보였으며, 그중 저지방 소시지에 포도당(glucose) 과 아미노산인 라이신(lysine)을 각각 0.1 M 첨가 시 유화형 소시지와 가장 유사한 성상의 향미성분을 나타내었다. 이에 저지방 소시지에 지방 전구체로서 glucose와 lysine의 첨가는 지방 저감에 따른 향미 특성 변화를 보완 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study for add functional nutrition ginseng to make consommé soup of beef. consommé soup of beef added to the supplementary materials, the moisture content of ginseng (75.34%), crude protein 2.78%, crude fat 0.53%, ash 0.018%, respectively. Consommé soup beef cone with the addition of solid content and viscosity measurements, the results showed BCG0 3.34% viscosity ginseng 0% 2.26 acid group most were lower. The sweetness of the control group, 0% added ginseng lowest measured pH is 6.53, and 4.13 BCG12 the lowest amount was measured. Consommé soup beef cone with the addition of lightness was lower as the control group BCG0 34.21, redness BCG0 14.44 as the highest value, respectively. Yellowness decreased significantly (p<0.001) between the amount of ginseng have more and more each sample. Turbidity was decreased with increasing the amount of ginseng. Ginseng added 6% BCG6 symbols from color BCG9 5.10 the highest rating, and flavor 5.40 as the highest rating was 9% added BCG9 5.70 overall acceptability overall acceptance was rated the highest. Strength ginseng 0% added in the control group showed the highest intensity of 6.4, dark brown. Savory flavor 0% added ginseng BCG0 showed the lowest intensity to 4.4. Consommé soup when you try to synthesize the results of all the experiments, the addition of ginseng considered the best addition to the 9%, and the addition of more than 12% of ginseng reducing rather symbols that suggest.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dill on the quality characteristics of tomato sauce during 60 days of storage. As storage time increased, the pH stays between 4.10-4.22 on all additives. The lowest pH appeared on a 0% dill added sample during the storage period, except at 45 or 60 days of storage. The more dill was added, the less sugar appeared, and this was generally consistent across other samples. As storage times increased, the sugar content showed a tendency to decrease in all additives. Salinity turned out to be between 0.90-1.48 among all of the additives. For the L-value, the more dill was added, the less the L-value decreased, and this was consistent across all the samples. As the storage period increased, the L-value showed a tendency to decrease in all samples. The more dill was added, the more the a-value showed a tendency to decrease. The b-value showed a tendency to decline the more dill was added. Also, as storage time increased, the b-value decreased in all samples. Viscosity showed a tendency to increase in all samples the more dill was added. The reducing sugar content was kept between 44.83-55.38. A sensory evaluation was performed by 15 professional panelists with scoring tests for color, flavor, taste, aftertaste, viscosity, and overall acceptability. The tomato sauce with 2% dill showed the best score in the color, flavor, and overall acceptability. From the above results, the data suggests that an addition of 2% fresh dill to tomato sauce is recommended for commercial use.

POCl3 농도(0.005%, 0.02%)를 달리한 가교화 쌀전분에 PO(2%, 6%, 12%)를 처리하여 가교화 후하이드록시프로필화(CLHP) 쌀전분을 제조하고, 변성된 CLHP 쌀전분의 용해도, 팽윤력, RVA, DSC 특성을 연구하였다. 팽윤력은 일반 쌀전분 보다 다소 낮은 온도에서 일찍 증가되기 시작하였으나 그 이후에 모두 낮은 수치를 보여 CLHP 쌀전분이 일반 쌀전분보다 완만한 상승을 나타내었고 용해도는 CLHP 쌀전분이 일반 쌀전분보다 전체적으로 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. RVA 분석결과 CLHP 쌀전분의 최고점도는 일반 쌀전분보다 낮아졌고 holding strength와 final viscosity는 높은 경향을 나타내었고, breakdown은 낮아지고 setback 은 높은 것으로 나타났다. DSC 분석 결과 CLHP 쌀전분의 To, Tp, Tc가 일반 쌀전분보다 낮게 나타났으며, ΔH 역시 작은 값을 보였으며 POCl3 함량에 따른 차이, 즉 가교화에 의한 차이는 크지 않았다. 따라서 가교화 후 하이드록시프로필화 한 쌀전분의 경우 RVA점도 특성은 가교화에 의한 영향이 크고 하이드록시프로필화에 따른 영향이 작다고 볼 수 있었으며, DSC열적특성은 가교화에 의한 영향으로 하이드록시프로필화가 원활하지 않았던 것으로 생각된다. 즉 인산기에 의해 강해진 전분 입자에 의해 하이드록시프로필기의 치환이 덜 일어난 것으로 판단된다.

치환제인 PO 농도(2%, 6%, 12%)를 달리하여 제조한 하이드록시프로필화 쌀전분에 가교제인 POCl3 농도(0.005%, 0.02%)를 달리하여 처리한 HPCL 쌀전분을 제조하고, HPCL 쌀전분의 용해도, 팽윤력, pasting 특성 및 열적 특성을 연구하였다. 팽윤력은 일반 쌀전분 보다 다소 낮은 온도에서 증가되기 시작하였으나 그 이후는 모두 낮은 수치를 보여 HPCL 쌀전분이 일반 쌀전분보다 완만한 상승을 나타내었다. 용해도는 HPCL 쌀전분이 일반 쌀전분보다 전체적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 한편 PO 함량이 증가할수록 팽윤력과 용해도 모두 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. RVA pasting분석 결과, HPCL 쌀전분의 경우 일반 쌀전분보다 최고 점도는 낮아졌고 holding strength와 final viscosity는 높은 경향을 나타내었으며, breakdown은 낮아지고 setback은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 열적 특성 분석 결과 HPCL 쌀전분의 경우 일반 쌀 전분보다 낮은 To, Tp, Tc 및 ΔH를 나타내었으며, POCl3 함량이 적을수록 감소폭이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 HPCL 쌀전분의 경우 RVA pasting 특성은 PO 첨가량, 즉 하이드록시프로필화에 따른 영향이 크다고 볼 수 있고 DSC 열적특성은 하이드록시프로필화 및 가교화 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

Physiological characteristics of brown rice and black rice were investigated to provide the fundamental information of physiological property of rice and to show the potential of rice as a functional ingredient. Bioactive compounds were extracted from brown and black rices with aqueous solvents like 80% ethanol. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidative capacity of brown and black rices’ extracts were determined. Brown rice showed much higher amount of total phenolics and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidative capacity than those of milled rice indicating that most of bioactive compounds are located in the bran layer. Black rice showed higher total phenolics and flavonoid contents and antioxidative capacity than those of brown rices. The highest antioxidative capacity was obtained from Heugjinju followed by Heugseol, Sinnongheug-chal, Hopum and Samkwang. This result indicated that antioxidative capacity is affected by total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Both brown and black rices contained higher amount of ferulic acid than that of p-coumaric acid.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of tomato sauce in terms of the variety of herbs that have been widely used in Western cuisine. As storage time increases, the number of total microbes changes, but the bacteria count was in the range of 1.0×101-2.1×102, which did not increase much over 60 days of storage. The reason seems to be that the amount of heat treatment undergone by this type of sauce type, and its acidity make for difficult conditions for microbes to live. Yeast and mold measurements showed that yeast and mold were not detected for up to 30 days of storage in the tomato sauce with various types and amounts of added herbs. After 45 and 60 days, the yeast and mold count was in the range of 1.0×101-8.5×101, and the same in the control. Measurements of phenolic compounds in 60 days of storage showed that tomato sauce with different types and amounts of added herbs had the lowest amounts relative to the control for all storage periods. The more herbs that were added, the higher the phenolic compounds resulted. As storage times increase, the phenolic compounds showed a tendency to decline. The DPPH radical scavenging effects of the tomato sauce herbs added showed a tendency to increase antioxidant activity when more herbs were added. The microbiology results of the storage test of tomato sauce with added herbs showed that the amount of microorganisms in tomato sauce with added herbs did not increase much in 60 days of storage at 4oC. The amount of microorganisms was small, so tomato sauce with added herbs can be used for 2 months with refrigeration.

The changes of the color, texture and volatile flavor compounds of Yu-gwa were investigated that affected by the oxidation during storage to characteristic Yu-gwa quality. Among the proximate compositions, carbohydrate was the most abundant component, and followed by lipid and moisture. Although the change of the color showed different pattern by the packaging materials during the storage period, the value of yellowness(b) increased but that of lightness(L) decreased dramatically after 3 month storage. In the textural properties reported closely related with the moisture content, hardness was fairly affected on the period of the storage rather than the type of packaging materials. The flavor compounds of Yu-gwa were analyzed to evaluate the change of distinct volatile compounds during storage. Of the twenty one separated volatile compounds, major volatiles were aldehydes, alcohols and alkenes. The results also showed that polyethylene(PE) contained less volatiles than polypropylene(PP) by the oxidation process during storage.2,4-Decadienal was gradually increased with the period of the storage, whereas octane and furan were decreased. The results provided that the change of the flavor distribution during the storage, and also the possibility of the volatiles such as hexanal, nonanal and 2,4-decadienal as the indicator for the oxidation process.

The new approach using the Peak Pattern Method was conducted for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the papers or paper products to provide certain hygienic data for the recycled papers as well as white papers. The height of the each peak, obtained from the PCBs standards, was transformed to the spectrum to compare with that of the samples. In addition to the results of the single PCBs standards, the pattern of mixed PCBs standards with the adequate concentration and ratios were obtained prior to the analysis of the paper samples. The test showed excellent repetition within 5% variation, and the recoveries of PCBs ranged from 92% to 97%. The PCBs, considered as a hazard material, were analyzed using the Peak Pattern Method from six different types of paper samples including the roll tissue. It could not find the same pattern of the PCBs peaks from all of the paper samples.