이 연구의 목적은 1) 베트남 고등학생들을 대상으로 Lee et al. (2024)에서 보고한 개정 시스템 사고 검사 도구 의 타당도를 재검증하고, 2) 연구에 참여한 우리나라 고등학생과 베트남 고등학생 간 시스템 사고 능력에 대한 차이를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 베트남 고등학생 234명이 베트남어로 번역된 개정 시스템 사고 검사 도구 20문항과 STS 척도 20문항에 응답한 자료를 활용하였다. 타당도 분석은 문항 반응 분석(Item Reliability, Item Map, Infit and Outfit MNSQ, 남녀 집단의 DIF)과 탐색적 요인 분석(프로맥스를 활용한 주축 요인 분석)을 통해 검증하고, 나아가 우 리나라 고등학생 475명의 데이터를 함께 활용하여 구조 방정식 모형을 이용한 잠재평균비교를 통해 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 베트남어로 번역된 R e_ STMI 2 0문항의 문항 반응 분석 결과 Item Reliability는 .97, Infit MNSQ는 .67-1.38으로 나타났으며 Item Map과 DIF 분석에서도 선행 연구에서 보고된 결과와 일치하는 결과가 도출되 었다. 탐색적 요인 분석에서는 모든 문항들이 의도한 하위 요인에 적재되었으며, 요인별 신뢰도는 .662-.833, 전체 신뢰 도는 .876으로 분석되었다. 우리나라 고등학생과 잠재평균비교를 위한 확인적 요인 분석에서 도출된 모형 적합도 수치 는 모두 수용 가능한 값으로 분석되었다(χ 2 /df: 2.830, CFI: .931, TLI: .918, SRMR: .043, RMSEA: .051). 마지막으로 연구에 참여한 우리나라 고등학생과 베트남 고등학생 간 잠재평균비교에서는 시스템 분석, 정신 모델, 팀 학습, 공유 비전 요인에서 작은 효과 크기가, 개인 숙련 요인에선 중간 이상의 효과 크기를 보이며, 베트남 고등학생들이 시스템 사고 능력에서 유의미하게 높은 결과를 보여주었다. 이를 통해 개정 시스템 사고 검사 도구 문항은 안정적인 신뢰도와 타당도를 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 앞으로 학생들의 시스템 사고 연구와 관련하여 베트남어 및 영어 등으로 번역한 문항을 활용하여 시스템 사고의 국제 비교 연구도 진행할 필요성이 있을 것이다.

This study aimed to provide fundamental data that could guide high school students' night eating behavior by investigating habits of their night eating consumption during COVID-19 pandemic (From 2021/5/13 to 5/20). Association between their eating habits and the Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A) were also explored. This study included a total of 604 students, among whom 441 students were identified as night eating consumers. Among all subjects, 30.5% consumed night eating 3~4 times a week, 27.3% consumed 1-2 times a week, and 27.0% did not consume any night eating at all. The high-night eating group had a higher score of total NQ-A than the non-night eating group for both male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.001) students. This was because male students in the high-night eating group reported significantly higher rates of daily dinner consumption compared to non-night eating group. Furthermore, both male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.001) students showed a significant increase in ‘Moderation’. ‘Diversity’ was also significantly increased in female studies (p<0.05) as subcategories of dietary habits according to night eating frequency. These findings highlight the need for practical research to develop nutritional guidelines for night eating that reflect preferences of students while providing adequate nutritional habits.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the continuity of reading passages of Korean high school English textbooks with the 2015 Revised National Curriculum using Coh-Metrix, a software that analyzes English texts in a range of linguistic features. Twenty-one English textbooks were analyzed: 11 High School English, five High School English I, and five High School English II. Only reading passages in textbooks were analyzed. Coh-Metrix indices related to basic counts, lexical features, syntactic features, cohesion, and readability were analyzed. Results revealed significant differences between High School English and High School English I and II, but no such differences exist between High School English I and II. This study implies that continuity of reading difficulty in terms of lexical, syntactic, and readability characteristics among High School English, English I, and English II textbooks should be considered.

본 연구는 고등학생의 건강증진행위를 설명하기 위한 가설적 모형을 구축하고 검증하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 경기도 소재의 고등학교에 재학중인 1∼3학년 학생 395명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2017년 12월01일부터 12월22일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 본 연구의 외생변수는 가족기 능, 친구지지, 학교생활환경, 지역사회 사회자본이고 내생변수는 자기효능감, 자기조절능력과 건강증진행위 이다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 최종 수정모형 은 권장수준을 만족하여 가설적 모형에 비해 적합도와 간명도가 향상된 것으로 나타났다: χ2/df=1.96, GFI=.90, AGFI=.88, CFI=.94, TLI=.93, RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.06. 가설적 모형에서 설정한 13개의 경로 중 4개는 기각되었고 9개의 경로는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이들 경로에 포함된 변수는 가족기능(β=.57), 자기효능감(β=.29), 자기조절능력(β=.14), 지역사회 사회자본(β=.14), 친구지지(β=.13)로 설명력은 86%이었다. 따라서 역기능적 가정과 해당 가정의 청소년의 건강증진행위를 위한 사회적지지 체계를 구축 하고 학교를 포함한 지역사회 환경조성을 위한 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

The present study investigated students’ preferences for the types of tasks used to assess English speaking performance. It further examined whether students’ task type preferences affected their perceptions of test effectiveness. One hundred eighty-two high school students responded to a self-report questionnaire. A series of frequency analysis and paired samples t-tests were used for the analysis. The results showed that students’ most preferred task types and their least preferred ones overlapped with each other, suggesting that the task types of English-speaking performance tests used in schools are limited. The four key reasons determining students’ task type preferences were identified, including task difficulty, emotional comfort, practical value, and interest. In addition, the results indicated that students’ task type preferences could affect their perceptions of task effectiveness. Overall, the results suggest the need for developing more varied task types for English-speaking performance tests as well as helping students become familiar with English speaking performance tasks. Pedagogical implications were discussed along with study limitations.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between eating speed and nutritional status among Korean high-school students using Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A). In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 453 high-school students (227 boys and 226 girls) from September 2019 to October 2019 in Chungbuk area. Based on the self-reported speed of eating data, subjects were classified into a fast group (n=180), a medium group (n=184), and a slow group (n=89). NQ-A scores for each group were measured in each speed group. In the environment section, girls showed a significant difference in usage time of electronic devices, such as TVs and smartphones: the fast group spent significantly more time than the medium group (p=0.035). In the practice section, among boys, the slow group had significantly higher scores for washing hands before eating than the medium and the fast groups (p=0.022). This study suggested that eating speed of high school students is associated with health-related environment factor and practice factor of NQ-A, such as time spent on smart devices or washing hands before eating. The study results can provide baseline data for nutrition education on health management of high school students.

This study investigated how Korean high school students use English connectives in argumentative writing. The participants were 71 high school second year students. Analysis of data focused on three aspects of connective use: 1) the frequency and kinds of connectives used, 2) commonly used words in each category of connectives, and 3) frequently used positions of connectives. Considering the possible effect of topical knowledge and general English ability, the analysis included the comparison between two topic groups and between two language ability groups. The results showed there was a high similarity between different topic groups and ability groups in the use of connectives, but a significant difference was also found in some limited features. Based on the results, the study concludes that Korean high school students, regardless of the writing topic and language ability, share common features in the use of English connectives. Some suggestions are made for further research and writing instruction.

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, creativity plays a pivotal role in the competitiveness of a country. The importance of creativity education therefore cannot be overemphasized. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of discussion-based English reading and writing activities on Korean high school students' creativity, English writing, and self-assessed creative thinking. The participants were 45 high school students in Seoul, Korea. They were divided into two groups: the discussion-based English reading and writing group (n=24) and the traditional English instruction group (n=21). The experiment was administered during two semesters of the 2017 academic year. The major findings are as follows: First, the experimental group showed significant improvement on the creativity test, especially in the areas of fluency, flexibility, and original thinking. Second, the experimental group outperformed the control group on the writing test. Third, the experimental group showed positive changes in their self-assessed flexible thinking, convergent thinking, and intrinsic motivation. All of these indicate the beneficial effects of the discussion-based English reading and writing activities. Based on the results, some pedagogical suggestions were made for the effective integration of creativity education into the teaching of English as a foreign language.

The present study attempts to provide empirical and qualitative evidence to support the feasibility of rubric-referenced self-assessment to promote learning in a Korean high school EFL context. Over four rubric-referenced self-assessment lessons, with the help of a teacher’s instructions, students wrote a first draft and assessed it using a scoring rubric. Drawing on this self-assessment, they wrote a second draft, also followed by a self-assessment as well as a self-assessment diary. As quantitative data, the scores of the first draft of the first class were compared with those of the second draft of the fourth class. Survey questionnaires, interviews, self-assessment diaries, and essay self-assessments served as qualitative data. The findings are, first, rubric-referenced self-assessment showed positive effects on students’ writing quality. Second, students came to perceive the effectiveness of rubric-referenced self-assessment. Lastly, rubric-referenced self-assessment positively influenced students’ learning strategies and attitudes. These results imply that rubric-referenced self-assessment promotes learning in a Korean high school EFL context, leading students to become self-regulated learners that take responsibility for their own learning.

This study investigated the relative effects of input-based versus output-based activities on the learning of English unaccusative constructions. A total of 73 high school students were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. Of the two experimental groups, the input-based input enhancement group (IE group) experienced a reading passage with the learning targets visually enhanced. The output-based dictogloss group (DG group) performed the dictogloss task with the identical passage given to IE group. The control group (CG group) did not experience the learning targets at all. Results showed that IE group statistically significantly outperformed CG group both at the immediate and the delayed posttests, while there was no significant difference between IE group and DG group. In terms of the generalizability of the learned knowledge, however, it was DG group that outperformed CG group at the immediate posttest. Again, there was no difference between IE group and DG group. More detailed findings are provided, along with some implications for English classrooms in Korea.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the sentence-writing task on English vocabulary learning of Korean high school students. The effectiveness of the sentence-writing task can be explained based on the Involvement Load Hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001); yet, there has been no consistency in the results of the previous studies on this hypothesis. In the present study, the effects of the sentence-writing task on vocabulary learning were re-examined in comparison with the gap-filling task. In addition, considering that there have been no studies addressing the effects of autobiographical elaboration (relating the meaning of a certain word to one’s own experience) on memory, the effects of the autobiographical sentence-writing task were compared to those of the imaginary sentence-writing task. Forty high proficiency and 40 low proficiency learners were randomly assigned either of the sentence-writing or the gap-filling task. The results demonstrated that the sentence-writing task is more effective in vocabulary learning than the gap-filling task, regardless of the learners’ proficiency levels. However, no significant difference was found between the effects of the autobiographical sentence-writing task and the imaginary sentence-writing task. Based on the results, the pedagogical implications were discussed in the conclusion chapter.

본고는 미래 사회가 요구하는 역량중심의 2015 개정 한문과 교육과정을 이해하고 도달할 수 있는 학생 참여 중심 한문과 교수학습방법의 필요성을 느끼고 연구하였다. 새로운 방식의 한문과 학습 모형을 개발하는데 목적을 두고 교육과정-수업-평가-기록의 일체화를 적용한 책 만들기를 통한 고등학교 한문과 프로젝트 수업 방법을 제안하였다. ‘가이드북 만들기’를 주제로 소주제 설정, 프로젝트의 계획, 수행, 마무리의 모든 과정을 학생이 주도하여 총 10차시에 걸쳐 수업을 진행하였다. 프로젝트를 수행하는 과정에서 학습자는 영역별 한자·한자어·한문 학습의 자연스러운 활용 능력 및 다양한 역량을 함양 할 수 있었으며 교과목 간 통합, 교과와 생활의 통합, 창의 융합적 활동, 계속적 심화학습을 경험하여 성취감과 자신감이 향상하였다. 본고에서 제안한 책 만들기 프로젝트 수업은 다양한 주제 적용이 가능하고, 학습자의 수준에 따라서 수업의 절차와 내용을 구성할 수 있으며 교과의 지식이 학생들의 삶과 의미 있게 연계되어 있다는 것을 인식하고 느끼게 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구를 통해 한문과 프로젝트 학습 방법에 대한 새로운 방안들이 꾸준히 연구되어 2015개정 교육과정의 변화에 적응하기 위한 한문과 학교 현장 교사들에게 창의적이고 효율적인 학습 모형이 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

본 논문은 2015 개정 교육과정이 적용된 고등학교 한문 교과서의 소설 부분에서 교수-학습방 법이 구현된 양상을 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 새로운 한문소설 교수-학습방법을 모색하기 위해 작성되었다. 본고에서는 먼저 2015 개정 교육과정의 특징을 검토하였다. 검토 결과 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 이전 시기 한문 산문에 대한 다양한 성취기준이 통합되어 소략해졌고, 성취기준의 통합과정에서 한문소설에 대한 성취기준이 사라진 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 이어 2015 개정 교육 과정이 적용된 13종의 고등학교 한문 교과서를 검토하였다. 2015 개정 교육과정의 한문 교과서는 이전 교과서에 비해 분량이 약 1/3이 감소하였는데, 그에 따라 한문소설을 수록하지 않은 교과서가 증가하였다. 2009 개정 교육과정에서는 거의 모든 교과서에 한문소설이 수록되었는데(10 종 중 9종), 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 약 31%(13종 중 4종)의 교과서에서만 한문소설이 수록 되었다. 한문소설 수록 교과서 가운데 새로운 교수-학습방법을 구현한 것은 단 1종으로, <춘향 전>의 한 장면에 역할놀이 교수-학습법을 적용하였다. 이본에 따라 다양한 변주가 일어나는 <춘향전>에 역할놀이 교수-학습법을 적용한 것은 매우 효과적인 방법이지만, 자칫 지나치게 자의적으로 작품이 해석될 가능성도 있다. 이에 교과서 해당 장면에 대한 해석의 개방성 정도와 역할놀이의 진행의 절차 등을 아울러 제시하였다. 이어 교과서의 분량과 수업 시수가 주는 현상황 에서 새롭게 한문소설 교육이 모색할 수 방안을 검토하였다. 교과 내적으로는 한자, 어휘, 단문 등의 학습요소를 소설 작품의 학습 과정에 포함하여 진행하는 방법을 모색해야 하고, 교과 외적으로는 교과 융합 수업을 통하여 수업 시수를 확보하는 방안을 모색해야 할 것이다. 아울러 현행 교과서에 수록된 한문소설을 중심으로 교육과정에 소개된 다양한 교수-학습방법을 적용한 성과 를 공유･집적하도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

This paper examined effects of three types of written corrective feedback (CF) on L2 learners’ grammatical accuracy in writing, focusing on the use of verb tense and articles. Within Ellis’ (2008) typology of CF, the present study focused on direct, indirect, and metalinguistic CF. The feedback was provided at each stage of writing, and the participants were to write three new pieces of writing. Changes in the accuracy of the grammatical targets were measured. Results indicated that despite the limitations of the small number of the participants, positive changes in the grammatical accuracy were found with metalinguistic CF for verb tense and with indirect CF for articles in new pieces of writing. In addition, unlike previous studies, a negative role of direct written feedback was observed in the present study.

This study examined the use of conjunctions in Korean high school EFL learners’ writings in two discourse modes–description and argument. A corpus of seventy-six descriptive essays and eighty argumentative essays was developed, in which the essays were rated based on their cohesiveness and divided into three groups by their grades. Conjunctions were analyzed based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework: additive, adversative, causal, and temporal conjunctions. The results revealed different trends of using conjunctions in the two different discourse modes. The descriptive writings with high scores on cohesion tend to exhibit more conjunctions when compared to lower-quality writings, and the argumentative writings with high scores showed fewer conjunctions. The high-quality writings in descriptive mode showed highly frequent uses of additives and adversatives, while those in argumentative mode displayed a lower frequency of additives and a more frequent use of adversative however. Small numbers of causal and temporal conjunctions were used in both discourse modes, and they were particularly limited in descriptive writings regardless of the cohesiveness of writings. This implies that more explicit instructions on causal and temporal conjunctions for each mode are needed in the writing classes. In addition, the scores on cohesion were significantly lower for the descriptive essays than for the argumentative essays, and a much narrower range of conjunctions was employed in descriptive writing. These results suggest a more balanced focus on various discourse modes of writing and the introduction of conjunctions that are appropriate for each mode, since the ability to use conjunctions in one mode does not seem to be automatically transferred to another mode in high school EFL learners’ writings.