Contact linguistics takes the series of linguistic phenomena in the process of language contact as the research content, and explores the changes of the languages and their results. When language contact occurs between Chinese and Korean, the linguistic phenomena occurring in the aspects of phonology, syntax, vocabulary, and characters are one of the important results. Sino-Korean Rhyme Dictionaries are language tools that are mainly arranged by rhyme. Such dictionaries annotate the pronunciation of Chinese characters, correcting the incorrect pronunciation of Chinese characters in Korea, and occasionally interpreting the meaning, and recording some glyphs of variants, which provide the convenience for extracting poems and lyrics, as well as reciting rhyming characters. From the perspective of the developmental history of Chinese dictionaries in Korea, rhyming books are the beginning of Chinese dictionaries in Korea, which have abundant content and significant value, and are indispensable and valuable materials for the study of Chinese-Korean contact linguistics.

This study was to evaluate the values of Korean native sweet sorghum as a new feed crop for ruminants. Sweet sorghum was the Muan native species (Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science), and cultivated from May to October 2021 at Sangji University (Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea). There were a non-treated group (Con), a recommended amount treatment (RD) and a treatment with double the recommended amount (Double RD) by an oil cake fertilizer. Plant height was measured at weekly intervals for 12 weeks after planting sweet sorghum seedlings, and was a significant difference in the order of Double RD, followed by RD and Con in 7 weeks (p<0.05). Feed values and sugar contents were measured in 7, 9, and 11 weeks. Crude protein of Double RD was higher than that of the other treatments in 7 and 9 weeks (p<0.05). Crude fat was higher at Double RD than the other one in 9 weeks (p<0.05). ADF and NDF of Double RD were higher than the other one (p<0.05). When it was compared to corn and sudangrass hybrids grown on farms, Crude protein was lower in sweet sorghum than other crops (p<0.05), and crude fat was higher in sweet sorghum than corn (p<0.05). Crude fiber, ADF and NDF were higher in sweet sorghum compared to corn and sudangrass (p<0.05). The sugar contents of sweet sorghum were 4.07 ± 0.12∼7.63 ± 0.21 brix, and showed higher than corn and sudangrass hybrid (p<0.05). The rumen in situ digestibility of sweet sorghum was 30.73∼38.13% at the 9th and 11th weeks, and showed higher than that of corn and sudangrass hybrids (p<0.05). Therefore, it is considered that Korean native sweet sorghum has sufficient value as a new forage crop for ruminants, and good value as yield, nutrients and digestibility, when the grass height is 273.33~332.50 cm.

While protecting its lives and property from natural disasters such as floods and droughts, North Korea needs to develop into an informationized industrial society by securing renewable energy power in the era of energy transition. In addition, existing research has considered that a policy of continuous and consistent expansion of renewable energy based on the safety of the lives of ordinary people could be the solution. South Korea needs to recognize that the supply of energy for a minimum of living is more important to the North Korean people than the economic benefits of securing North Korea's renewable energy market. Therefore, in this paper, from that point of view, we have calculated the amount of electricity that North Korea lacks necessary for the lives of its inhabitants that can be replaced by renewable energy, and considered ways to estimate the market value.

본 연구는 한국 FK CUP 대회 아이덴티티가 가치와 참가의도에 어떠한 영향력을 미치는지를 규명하여 효율적인 대회 운영방안의 기초자료를 제공하고자 했다. 따라서 한국풋살연맹이 주관하는 FK CUP 대회를 인지하고 있는 사람들 중 풋살대회에 참가했던 경험자를 표본으로 선정했다. 조사는 2022년 4월 1일부터 6월 17일까지 면대면 및 비대면으로 실시했으며, 총 299부의 자료를 최종 분석에 이용했다. 자료처리는 SPSS(ver. 21.0) 프로그램을 활용해 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 문항내적일관성, 상관분석, 단 순 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시했다. 본 연구의 주요 결과, 첫째, 한국 FK CUP 대회 아이덴티티는 조직, 인간, 상징 순으로 가치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘쨰, 한국 FK CUP 대회 가치는 참가의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국 FK CUP 대회 아이덴티티는 조직, 인간 순으로 참가의도에 영향을 미 치는 것으로 나타났다.

세계보건기구(WHO)는 홍콩독감과 신종플루 이후 역사상 세 번째 팬데믹을 선언했다. 코로나19의 발생으로 국가 간 교류는 극도로 위축되는 한편 빠른 전염성으로 국가별 경기변동의 시간차를 만들어 냈다. 2020년 1월 미‧중 무역 분쟁은 합의국면으로 접어들었으나 코로나19로 발생한 경제 디커플링 현상은 중국이 미국과의 무역균형을 맞추기 어렵게 만들었고 미‧중 무역 분쟁 합의 조건을 지키기 어렵게 만들었다. 트럼프 대통령은 코로나19 확산의 책임을 중국에 돌렸고 경기 침체의 원인도 중국의 영업비밀 침해, 불법복제품 등으로 지목하면서 보호주의가 대두되었다. 이에 중국은 거세게 반발하면서 미국과 갈등이 깊어졌다. 미국은 중국 반도체 굴기의 핵심기업인 화웨이와 SMIC에 무역재제를 선언했고 미‧중 간 반도체 밸류체인 단절 위험을 예고하고 있다. 반도체 산업의 밸류체인 분리는 특정 국가와 기업이 가치사슬에 고도로 전문화되어 독점하는 구조인 반도체 산업에 큰 충격을 줄 가능성이 있다. 본 논문은 코로나19로 인해 재점화된 미‧중 간 반도체 밸류체인 단절 위험과 반도체 글로벌 산업 가치사슬의 충격과 변화, 한국 반도체 기업의 대응전략을 다루고자 한다.

Celebrity endorsement is defined as an agreement between a publicly recognized celebrity and an entity to use the celebrity’s fame to promote a brand or product. Generally, a celebrity is defined as a famous singer, actor, or athlete who frequently appears in public. The celebrity uses his/her public recognition to persuade consumers to purchase a specific product by the endorsement, and the celebrity accepts remunerations from the firm. Celebrity endorsement has been prevalent as an advertising strategy and many advertisers invest enormous amount of money for the celebrity endorsement. Prior research has examined the economic benefits or effectiveness of celebrity endorsement and found that celebrity endorsement attracts attention from consumers and polishes a tarnished brand image, and the celebrity may help advertisements stand out, thus improving their communicative ability. Apart from a general celebrity endorsement advantage, previous studies have found the factors that affect the success or failure of celebrity endorsement. An attractive celebrity can positively influence advertising evaluation, and a celebrity with expertise can increase consumers’ purchase intention through product. In addition, consumers prefer a product endorsed by a highly trustworthy celebrity. Specifically, on the economic worth of celebrity endorsement, most studies have indicated a positive effect. An announcement of a celebrity endorsement contract can bring a positive abnormal benefit to a firm’s stock price. Celebrity endorsement also helps increase the intangible value of a firm, which is the source of competitive edge and sustainable growth. However, despite recent interest in the return on advertising investment, it is not known how and which source factor of the celebrity endorsement can be explained with the firm value. By using text mining and sentiment analysis, the results of this study explain that the sustainable firm value is impacted by various sources of celebrity endorsement. First, the number of words regarding celebrity attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness has an impact on the sustainable firm value. Among the three sources, trustworthiness has the biggest impact on the sustainable firm value, which is Tobin’s Q. Second, regarding attractiveness and expertise, increasing proportion of positive words has impact on the firm value. On the other hand, regarding trustworthiness, the number of negative words on occupational issues is important. Third, different celebrity expertise has different impact on the sustainable firm value depending on the degree of job uniqueness and replaceability. Fourth, once the celebrity has lost his/her trustworthiness, the negative impact is hardly recovered as the negative interaction effect between positive impact of celebrity expertise on the sustainable firm value and the loss of trustworthiness is over seven times higher than the positive effects from the expertise. This implies that if an advertiser carefully manages other effects except for the loss of trustworthiness, he/she cannot offset the failure.

The study was conducted to determine effects on forage productivity, feed value, grazing intensity and livestock productivity in growing Korean native female goat grazing in native pasture. Its with average initial body weight of 14.10±3.6kg and an average age of 4 months were used in this study. Dry matter content of native pasture was the highest at 33.48 ± 2.56% in June, and the content was significantly increased from spring to autumn (p<0.05). Crude protein was maintained between 11% and 12% on average. Nutrient content was maintained at a certain level in native pasture, but there were differences due to the different types of wild grasses produced in each season. The productivity of forage crops increased from June, but decreased after August and showed a characteristic of grassland where productivity decreased rapidly in spring and autumn. The average grazing intensity are 39 head/ha. Black goat average daily gain was 80.2g/d. The stable weight gain in grazing is that the nutrient requirement of the black goat was met by supplementing the concentrated feed during grazing. study, can be expected that the productivity of livestock can be increased through the proper feeding of supplementary feed and maintenance of grazing intensity

이 글은 ‘仁 범주 가치’ 관련 한시의 검토를 통해 現今에의 이월적 의미를 탐색하고 그 교육적 가능성을 모색하고자 한 것이다. 한시 작품 맥락에서 인의 개념은 상황과 조건에 힘입고 감각과 정서를 수반하면서 입체적 차원의 가치로 부각되는 경우가 많다. 그리고 관련 일화나 기사에 비해 구체성이 부족할지 모르나, ‘시어’에 의한 전달 방식은 보다 큰 감동의 힘을 낳기도 한다. ‘仁 범주 가치’ 관련 한시의 검토를 통해 몇 가지 이월적 의미를 탐색하고 교육적 가능성에 대해 전망할 수 있었다. 첫째, ‘仁 범주 가치’ 관련 한시의 검토를 통해 전통시대 도덕성을 기반으로 한 건강한 관계성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이것은 가족, 사회 구성원내의 관계성이 약화, 단절되어가는 시대에, 타인에 대한 관심과 배려, 그리고 사회적 책임과 도덕적 긴장에 대한 滋養의 역할을 할 수 있다고 보았다. 둘째 선인들이 주시한 生意와 긍정적, 낙관적 태도의 이월성에 주목하였다. 이 같은 태도를 통해 현대적 삶에 만연한 個我的 閉鎖性을 극복하는 한편 부정적 사고와 암울함의 색조를 벗어나는 계기를 마련할 수 있다고 보았다. 그리고 여기에서 더 나아가 인간존재의 유한성을 극복하는 새로운 비전의 설정을 전망하기도 하였다. 아울러 ‘인’이 당대적 삶의 문제에 대응하며 그 개념을 재정립해 왔던 바, 1인 가구나 獨居 형태의 증가, 인간에 대한 情愛를 대체하는 다른 대상의 등장 등에 따라 ‘인’ 관념의 자기조정이 필요할 것으로 보았다. 그 예로 <恕狗>라는 시 작품을 통해, 근래의 반려견 과 관련한 사회적 갈등의 문제를 언급하기도 하였다.

2016년 초･중등학교에서 한자교육을 선택적으로 받도록 한 국어기본법의 위헌 확인 헌법소원이 각하되었고, 2018년 교육부는 ‘교과용 도서 개발을 위한 편수자료’를 공지하면서 이전 정부에서 추지하였던 초등학교 교과서의 한자 병기 정책을 사실상 폐지하였다. 이에 따라 초등학교에서는 정규 교과의 학습 시간에 한자교육을 명시적으로 수행하기 어렵게 되었으며, 한자 교육은 창의적 체험활동 시간을 활용하여 학습할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 실정으로 본고에서는 각 교과의 교육과정을 수행하면서 잠재적 교육과정으로 한문 고전을 활용한 한자 수업에서 전통적 가치관 교육의 실행 방안을 논의하였다. 학습자에게 전통적 가치관을 교육시키기 위해서는 학습자 스스로 전통적 가치가 담겨있는 여러 고전들을 읽고 그 의미를 탐색하여 스스로 성찰하도록 하여야 한다. 그러나 선인들의 전통적 가치관 을 추출할 수 있는 자료들은 대부분 한문으로 기록되어 있고 초등학교 학습자들은 한문으로 기록된 자료들을 읽을 수 없는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본고에서는 전통적 가치가 담긴 고전을 번역하여 우리말로 풀이한 서사 텍스트를 활용하여 교육하는 방법을 논의하였다. 본고에서 전통적 가치가 담긴 서사 텍스트로 활용한 자료는 ≪삼국유사≫와 ≪삼국사기≫이다. 우리의 선조들이 동몽들의 덕성교육용 교재로 사용했던 ≪명심보감≫, ≪동몽선습≫, ≪격몽요결≫ 등과 같은 자료들이 사람의 본성이나 오륜의 도리, 처세의 원칙 등 유교의 전통 가치를 잘 담고 있어서 전통적 가치관의 교육 자료로 더 적절할 수 있겠으나 현재의 초등학교 교실 수업 현장을 고려할 때 위의 교재를 활용하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 그러므로 본고에서는 초등학교 학습자들이 서사 구조를 지닌 이야기를 들을 때 흥미를 가지고 수업에 참여한다는 사실에 주목하여 전통적 가치관을 담을 수 있는 서사 텍스트로서 ≪삼국유사≫와 ≪삼국사기≫의 일화 들을 선정하여 논의를 전개하였다. 2015 초･중등학교 교육과정은 홍익인간의 교육이념과 인격도야, 민주시민으로서의 자질 함양, 인간다운 삶의 영위, 민주국가의 발전과 인류공영의 이상 실현이라는 교육 목적을 이루기 위해 4가지 인간상을 제시하였다. 4가지 인간상은 자주적인 사람, 창의적인 사람, 교양 있는 사람, 더불어 사는 사람이다. 또한 2015 초･중등학교 교육과정은 교육과정이 추구하는 인간상을 실현하기 위해 교과 교육을 포함한 학교 교육 전 과정을 통해 중점적으로 기르고자 하는 6가지 역량을 제시하였다. 곧 자기관리 역량, 지식정보처리 역량, 창의적 사고 역량, 심미적 감성 역량, 의사소통 역량, 공동체 역량이다. 본고는 이러한 역량을 증진시키는 것이 중요하다고 인식하고 전통적 가치관 교육을 6가 지 역량의 신장과 관련지어 논의하였다. 다만 지식정보처리 역량은 중등학교 한문과 교육과정을 참고로 하여 인성역량으로 바꿔서 검토하였다. 본고에서 논의 한 ≪삼국유사≫와 ≪삼국사기≫의 서사 텍스트는 하나의 예시 자료이며 각 교과의 학습목표나 학습제재에 따라 다른 서사 텍스트로 대치할 수 있다. 또한 ≪삼국유사≫와 ≪삼국사기≫의 서사 자료에 국한하지 않고 초등학교 학습자들이 흥미 있게 학습에 몰입할 수 있는 다양한 한문 고전 자료의 활용도 가능할 것이다. 여기에서의 논의가 촉매가 되어 초등학교 수업 현장에서 한문 고전을 활용한 다양한 교수･학습 방법이 도출되기를 기대한다.

Yield-per-recruit (YPR) analysis is used to provide management guidance for the efficient use of a fish cohort. However, the individual fish price per unit weight of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) or hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) increases dramatically by size in Korea. Therefore, age-based production value-per-recruit (PPR) analysis has recently been developed (Zhang et al., 2014). Since age determination requires a substantial amount of money and time and it is even impossible for some fish species, it is difficult to obtain age information to apply the age-based PPR model. Thus, we attempted to develop an alternative method, which uses length data rather than age information, called the length-based PPR analysis. The results revealed that length-based PPR analysis was much more conservative for stock management than the YPR analysis. Furthermore, the PPR analysis was more economically beneficial than the YPR analysis, which can prevent the fish stock from the economic overfishing. In conclusion, the length-based PPR analysis could be a proper approach for stock assessment in the case that the individual fish price per unit weight increases dramatically by size, and this analysis is useful to obtain vital management parameters under data-deficient situation when traditional stock assessment methods are not applicable.

This study was conducted to determine grazing intensity of growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae) on mountainous pasture. It was carried out to obtain basic information for improvement of mountainous pasture management and establishing feeding system of Korean native goats. Castrated, male goats (n=10) with average initial body weight (BW) of 23.33±2.15kg and an average age of 4 months were used in this study. Grazing goats were supplemented by concentrates with 1.0% of BW. The crude protein content of forage was the highest in October (22.71±0.25%) and there were significantly differences (p<0.05) in monthly comparison. The forage productivity of pasture was the highest from May to June (1718.7±207.5~ 1672.0±422.8 kg/ha) but it was decreased in July (1356.0±103.8 kg/ha) because of drought and summer depression. Average daily gains (ADG) of goats were the highest in June (99.5±6.4 d/g). Grazing intensity was calculated by forage productivity and dry matter intake (DMI) and was the highest in May (65 head/ha). As shown in the results of this research, grazing intensity was suggested to average 39 head/ha from May to October. It is desirable that adequate grazing intensity was maintained by adjusting supplemental feed.

Fresh attention is being paid to lifestyle brands offering differentiated contents and value such that the 21st century is now being called the age of global lifestyle. Recently national income has been increasing and a broad lifestyle culture has been established. Thus, brands with Scandinavian (Sweden, Denmark, or Norway), culture sensitivity, and design have deeply permeated the domestic market which has led to a domestic consumers' lifestyle trend (Chung& Park, 2004; Kwon, 2013; Magnus & Chrystin, 2003). In particular, such global lifestyle brands as Marimekko (Finland), CathKidston (UK), and Muji (Japan) have secured competitiveness in the global market as textile products which reflect its country's cultural identity (Lee& Park, 2014). Meanwhile, a new word, Hanban (韓版)which refers to Korean brands or products that were created from the Korean wave (韓流), which refers to Korean dramas or songs. Korean culture has been commercialized and grafted into various industries. In particular, a strong wind of Hanban in fashion cultural products not only has spread the Korean lifestyle to the world, but has enhanced its influence on related industries as well as fashion. Although certain major Korean companies launched lifestyle brands such as Jaju, Modern House, Butter, and Pum to help realize a Korean lifestyle brand business, most products sold in Korean lifestyle brands focus on overseas imported goods,so it is difficult to find Korean images on these products(Bang, 2004; Lee & Chung, 2013). The size of the lifestyle market is growing as a high value-added industry that can lead consumers' lifestyle trends, and there is a growing interest for Korean fashion cultural products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to attempt to develop textile designs for Korean-made high value-added products with the improvement of Korean brand values. For study methodology, the status of lifestyle brands at home and abroad was examined and textile designs were developed for lifestyle brand B. For the development of the textile designs, demand required by brand B was researched and a textile design concept was established based on fashion and interior decoration trends. Then, a textile was designed using a motive that can effectively represent the identity of brand B and the Korean image. Adobe Photoshop 6.0 and Adobe Illustrator CC programs were used for the standardized textile design motif, pattern development, and colorway. The results were as follows. First, global lifestyle brands such as Marimekko, CathKidston, and Muji sell differentiated lifestyle products from other brands by applying motifs and colors which symbolize their country's and city's cultural image on textile products and displaying their own identity and peculiarity. On the other hand, Korean lifestyle brands such as Casamia, Hanssem, Kosney, and Art Box do not plan or produce their own design, but will import and sell foreign textile fabric or textile products with high recognition, or copy imported fabric. Thus, their textile design is unsatisfactory to express their own identity and satisfy consumers' needs. Second, as to the development direction required by brand B, a Korean lifestyle brand, the focus was to first, 'design American and European products using colors and techniques which reflect Korean image trends', Second, to create a 'design with Scandinavia's peculiar simplified line and sensitive color', and finally, to make a 'flower pattern design with good sustainable market feasibility'. Based on the direction and 2015 S/S color and textile trends, three concepts were established: Global Tribe, Bunny in the Wonderland, and Beyond Nature. Global Tribe is a folk paintin g(Minhwa) representing the Korean image well, and was reinterpreted in a modern sense. Bunny in the Wonderland is a modern Scandinavian style design using a rabbit, a symbol of brand B, as the main motif. Beyond Nature used a flower motif in various expression techniques and images. A textile design was developed by extracting from a folk painting, a rabbit, and a flower motif and standardizing a motif in watercolor, pen, and graphic techniques. It was digitalized by a scanner and a pattern was made via the steps of color adjustment and repetition. Three kinds of textile designs were developed according to three concepts and four kinds of colorways were made for each design. This study attempted to develop a textile design as Korean-made high value-added textile products. It is meaningful to suggest textile design with Korean cultural images and brand identity. Further study will focus on the development of fashion cultural products and DIY products to commercialize developed textile design.

This study was performed to estimate optimum fishing mortality (F) and the age at first capture (tc) for small yellow croaker in Korean waters. We first estimated optimum F and tc using traditional yield-per-recruit (YPR) analysis, and the results were 0.8/year and 2.5 years old, respectively. However, the individual fish price per unit weight of small yellow croaker in Korea increases dramatically by size. Thus, we developed an alternative method, which is called as production value-per-recruit (PPR) analysis. We developed two types of the PPR analysis, that is, the discrete function and the continuous function method. We estimated optimum F and tc using the two types of the PPR analysis and compared the results. The optimum F and tc from the discrete function method, were 0.3/year and 5.0 years old, respectively, while those from the continuous function method were 0.5/year and 3.5 years old, respectively. These PPR estimates were much more conservative for the stock management than the traditional YPR analysis, which can prevent the fish stock from the economic overfishing. As a result, the PPR analysis could be more proper approach for stock assessment in the case that the individual fish price per unit weight increases dramatically by size like small yellow croaker in Korea.

Korean foods have the strengths to addresssome of the health problems of modern man. To assess the properties of Korean noodles, daily value %, DVS, DDS and energy density were compared between many kinds of noodles from around the world. Using a variety of reference materials, a nutritional database of noodles was built for this study. For carbohydrate, lipid, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin C, niacin, zinc, and copper, the daily values % of western noodles were significantly higher. Also, the serving size of Korean noodles was significantly small. Comparing the average energy density of the noodles, they showed 1.87±0.93 kcal/g (Korean noodles), 2.42±1.08 kcal/g (western noodles) and 1.84±0.84 kcal/g (other noodles). The dietary fiber, polyphenols, and flavonoids content of the noodles showed no significant difference. Neither DVS nor DDS showed a statistically significant difference. In the Korean noodles, the GMDFV pattern showed a diverse choice of food groups. Korean noodles show a lower energy density, and the small serving size to have favorable for the prevention of obesity. Thus, Korean noodles are an excellent choice in terms of diversity and energy density.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Korean red pepper extracts on physiological and sensory characteristics. The Korean red pepper extracts were added to chocolate at weight percentages of 0, 2, 4, and 6%. The sensory characteristics made with various Korean red pepper concentrations of the additives were measured as follows: color values (L-value, redness, and yellowness), total phenol, total capsaicinoid, total carotenoid, and ABTS radical scavenging activity. In sensory evaluation, significant differences (p<0.05 and p<0.01) were shown in taste, spiciness, and overall acceptability depending on the addition of pepper extracts. However, there were no significant differences in the properties of aroma and bitterness for chocolate.