김정은 시대 북한 재해관리는 최고지도자의 관심과 법률 보완을 통해 체계적 관리로 발전하였다. 김정은 시대 재해관리 체계 확립에 있어 가장 우선시 되었던 조치는 2014년 「재해방지 및 구조, 복구법」 제정이다. 김 정은은 재해 관련 신속한 예방과 대응, 복구를 위해 ‘재해방지 및 구조, 복구법’을 새롭게 제정하고 재해의 범위를 자연·사회·보건으로 규정하여 관련 법률 적용을 일원화하였다. 다음 조치로 김정은의 관심과 현지지도이 다. 2014년 평천구역 아파트 붕괴 사고 이후 김정은은 6개월 동안 9차례 건설현장 현지지도를 실시하였으며, 이후 「건설감독법(2014)」을 제정하여 건설현장의 엄격한 관리를 규정하였다. 2020년 대규모 수해 발생 이후 김 정은은 2개월 동안 8차례 수해 현장 현지지도를 실시하였으며, 이후 2021 년 「환경보호법」·「건설법」·「산림법」 수정보충 및 「시군발전법(2021)」을 제 정하여 지역 개발과 발전을 도모하였다. 2020년 코로나19팬데믹 현상 이 후 김정은은 총 22차례 정치국 회의를 개최하고 13차례 코로나19 관련 논의를 진행하였으며, 이후 「전염병예방법」 수정보충, 「비상방역법(2020)」· 「의료감정법(2022)」을 제정하여 코로나19 확산을 통제하고 코로나19 확진 자 관리를 위한 체계를 수립하였다. 마지막으로 체계적 재해관리를 위한 조직 구조를 구축하였다. 체계적이며 신속한 재해관리를 위해 국가비상설 재해방지대책위원회와 국가비상재해위원회, 부문별, 지방재해방지대책위원 회, 시도군인민위원회, 국토환경보호성, 중앙인민보건지도위원회, 중앙비상 방역지휘부 등 각 재해 유형별 관리체계를 세분화하여 유기적으로 대응할 수 있는 조직 구조를 구축하였다. 특히, 2020년 비상방역상황에서 사회안 전군을 전면에 내세워 신속한 비상방역활동을 실시하였다.

In this paper, we investigate the requirements of QPA(Quality Process Audit), which is a process quality audit system for secondary defense contractors, compared with those of DQMS(Defense Quality Management System). And evaluate whether the deployment of QPA meets the DQMS certification requirements through the case example of Company H. The evaluation items of QPA are composed of five categories such as Material Management, Incoming Inspection, Manufacturing Process, Product Evaluation, and Packaging Management. The QPA requirements are mainly related to the chapter 7(support) and chapter 8(operation) of DQMS standards. In this view point, QPA can be expected as an effective audit for suppliers preparing for DQMS certification. In the case example, we evaluate the results and effects of improvement due to QPA and compare it with the case of DQMS. QPA can be used as appropriate quality management standards of secondary and tertiary defense contractors and can provide the basis guidelines for the preparation of implementation steps in DQMS certification.

Recently, in Korea, if a very large forest fire occurs due to the people’s carelessness, it is of great interest because it spreads into a large forest fire. If a wildfire spreads and becomes large, it will inflict great damage (appointment and property), and the damage is irreversible. The best way to extinguish a wildfire is to prevent it before it occurs. If a forest fire occurs due to a failure in prevention, the early firefighting activities to prevent the progress of the forest fire by promptly dispatching it by reporting it and approaching the site as soon as possible should now be managed with a systematic integrated management system. To do so, it is necessary to prepare a preventive system, such as issuing warnings for each weather condition by the Korea Forest Service, consisting of cooperation (support) activities for forest fire prevention by related organizations, etc. In order to minimize the loss of precious lives and forests, measures have been taken to establish a system, to establish a prompt and accurate situation reporting system, and to establish an integrated command system (ICS) for on-site commanders.

This study tried to suggest a systematic improvement plan to prepare a civil safety insurance operation and management system by reviewing the operation and management status of civil safety insurance, which is operated and managed by each local government autonomously. In this study, the problems of the current civil safety insurance were analyzed by dividing them into the lack of systematic management of insurance items, overlapping coverage between insurance items, and deviations in compensation limits. As a systematic improvement plan, it was suggested to secure the systemic management of guarantee items, standardize compensation standards, prepare an integrated operation and management system, and provide financial support for local governments with poor financial independence. Since the problems and improvement plans for the civil safety insurance analyzed as described above are formed by exchanging and receiving a complex mutual influence, the institutional improvement plan for the operation and management system of the civil safety insurance is not only a specific part of the study, but also comprehensively current citizens. Based on the results derived from the analysis of safety insurance, it is concluded that alternatives must be found.

According to the article 18 of NSSC notice “Regulations on the delivery of low-and intermediatelevel radioactive wastes”, the consignor shall establish and implement the quality assurance program about waste management to ensure conformity with the criteria set forth in the regulations and detailed criteria proposed by the disposal facility operator, including matters related to characterization of the waste concerned. To meet the above requirement, commercially available laboratory information management system, STARLIMS from Abbott Informatics was introduced in the late of 2019 and was customized to our standardized test method in 2020. In that time, Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN), which is an electronic system to create, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic records, was tailored to replace paper lab notebook. Scientific Data Management System (SDMS), which is computer system used to capture, centrally store, catalog, and manage data, was installed. Due to the parsing ability of SDMS, human error like mistake while data entry was reduced by extracting data from measurement sheet and exporting measurement data to designated area of ELN and this feature made work efficiency improved. Afterward, validation of STARLIMS was conducted following the procedure of user acceptance testing including Operational Qualification and Performance Qualification. As a result of these activities, STARLIMS has been officially operated and applied to means to manage test results since 2021. In 2021, for user-friendly environment, updating STARLIMS was also conducted by applying SDMS to import data from other radiometric measurements including gas proportional counter (GPC), liquid scintillation counter (LSC), and low-energy Ge detector (LEGe) besides HPGe detector for gamma measurement. From implementation to operation, it is confirmed that STARLIMS has been providing reliable and stable platforms to manage laboratory information regarding measurement records and playing a significant role in tool to meet the quality assurance required.

Waste that contains or is contaminated with radionuclides arises from a number of activities involving the use of radioactive material. Such activities include the operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities; the use of radionuclides in medicine, industry, agriculture, research and education. Radioactive waste must be safely disposed in a radioactive waste repository for the protection of public health and the environment. In order to safely dispose of radioactive waste in a repository, it is important to derive an optimal predisposal management scenario because radioactive waste must be processed (i.e. processing (pretreatment, treatment and conditioning), storage and transport) for satisfying waste acceptance criteria (WAC). Optimal scenario of predisposal management of radioactive waste is derived for considering the balancing of exposures of workers and/or those of members of the public, the short term and long term risk implications of different waste management strategies, the technological options available and the costs. However, existing studies for deriving the optimal scenario of predisposal management of radioactive waste have evaluated only the radiation dose of workers and public within given scenarios using fixed value, or have derived optimal single process (i.e. decontamination) of predisposal management using Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methodology. In this study, optimal predisposal management scenario is derived by evaluating exposures of workers using system dynamics (SD) technique. Radiation dose assessment SD model was modeled using VENSIM® code developed by VENTANA systems Inc.. SD Model has the advantage of being able to respond flexibly when decision makers want to change input data and it has the advantage of being able to track dynamically changing phenomena and visually confirm interdependence. After that, based on the SD model derived from this study, evaluations of exposures of public, cost, and technicality will be added to be utilized when establishing an optimal scenario of predisposal management of radioactive waste considering multi attribute.

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has investigated Pyroprocessing technology in order to decrease the burden of disposal system and increase availability of useful radionuclides in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) for future. The treatment and the disposal of SNF, however, are very sensitive issues socially. In addition, under the energy transition policy phasing out nuclear energy gradually there have been demands for alternatives so far. Thus various alternatives should need to be investigated in preparation for unexpected situations. This study has been conducted roughly in effectiveness point of view of alternative pre-managements for SNF, not pyroprocessing technology, in disposal system, consisting of three stages according to the degree of burden in disposal system. Stage I is the case for making safety increase with removing highly-mobile radionuclides from SNF. Stage II is the case for eliminating high-heat radionuclides additionally, alleviating thermal risk in the disposal system. And Stage III is the case for recovering Uranium in addition to Stage II. These options of pre-management are thought to be able to provide an intuitive strategy for effective diversification of the disposal system. Because several types of waste form from pre-management make it possible to develop the effective, newly-composed waste disposal system according to the properties of radionuclides. And the processability of SNF through pre-management might be combination with available core-drilling technology, being able to design various disposal system as well. Even though the whole, detailed unit processes have not designed yet, mass balance and distributions of radionuclides are performed under the appropriate assumption of engineering processes. As a first step the alternative approaches for SNF pre-management for disposal system might be expected to be widely used in implementing SNF management policy in the future.

Since the commercial operation of Kori unit 1 in 1978, nuclear power has provided cheap, stable and clean electricity in South-Korea. For decades, the discussion about the spent fuel management has been dominated and the government is responsible for on-going research and development (R&D) related to long-term spent nuclear fuel management. The effective management of spent fuel should be applied from the early stage of the R&D process to licensing phases with the step-by-step evaluation system. As part of follow-up efforts after the Fukushima nuclear accident, the Nuclear Promotion Commission and Nuclear Safety Commission were divided in function as an independent agency for enhancing national nuclear safety and security, which aims to protect the public and environment from undue radiological hazard. The national spent fuel project must have a vibrant program for spent fuel management. Due to the nature of these projects, the establishment of a ‘conformity assessment’ system that collects the opinions from the licensing organisations on the results of research projects from the initial R&D stage should be applied advertently in order to efficiently conduct research projects and enhance public confidence. For the government-led project for spent nuclear fuel management, the adequacy and applicability of its technology R&D as well as its sustainability that includes financial, social and environmental performance measures should be evaluated in each stage. The institutionalisation arrangement, so called ‘conformity assessment system’ for the development of a national spent nuclear fuel management plan and related technology should be developed. This study aims to propose the basic principles for the introduction of the conformity assessment system: (1) national management responsibility, (2) spent fuel management project scope, (3) its management main principles, (4) project implementation system, (5) final management project scope and securing financial resources.

In April 2015, the government of the Republic of Korea and the United States of America signed a new Nuclear Cooperation Agreement (NCA). Subsequently, in April 2016, the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) of the ROK and the Department of Energy (DOE) of the US signed the Administrative Agreement (AA) under the new Nuclear Cooperation Agreement. Accordingly, when Korea imports items subject to the Korea-US agreement, it is required to determine the inventory of imported agreement items and notify the United States of the inventory amount every year. In addition, when re-exporting an agreement item to a third country, prior consent of the original exporting country (USA) must be obtained. Nuclear companies that import items subject to the Korea-US Atomic Energy Cooperation Agreement must report their inventory to the government every year, but the standards and procedures for managing the inventory are not clearly stipulated in the national law. This makes it difficult for the government to verify the adequacy of the report submitted by nuclear companies, adding to the administrative burden on both the government and the companies. Accordingly, it is required for the government to establish and operate a system for history management system for import and export items subject to the agreement so that related information can be recorded and managed at each stage, such as first import of items to Korea, generation, disposal, and exports to third countries. This system provides history management functions such as initial import information record for items imported through import/export procedures according to administrative agreements, change of owned company due to domestic movement, deletion of inventory due to loss/disposal, deletion of inventory due to export or addition of inventory due to derived materials. Through this system, operators can easily manage agreement items, and the government can obtain reliable information on agreement items in close to real-time. In addition, when this system applies to exports of items subject to the agreement, the number of items subject to the agreement exported by Korea can be provided first so that the importing country can more quickly check the items subject to the agreement. It is expected to contribute to securing control of the items subject to the agreement and reducing concerns over nuclear proliferation.

최근 회전 회전기계의 건전성 관련 연구가 활발하게 진행중이며, 조선업의 대표적인 회전기계인 갠트리 크레인에도 이를 적용하고자 하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 조선업의 갠트리 크레인의 경우 상대적으로 낮은 RPM으로 구동되고 잦은 운 전과 정지가 이루어지며 충격, 소음 등의 외부환경 인자가 측정 데이터에 영향을 크게 미쳐 오차를 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 조선업의 내업공정에서 사용되는 갠트리 크레인의 Hoist 모사장비를 제작하여, 운전조건(RPM) 변화와 데이터 획득 센서의 위치 차이가 획득 데이터에 미치는 오차를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 상대적으로 낮은 운전조건에서는 센서 위치 차이에 따른 획득 데이터 의 오차는 크게 발생하지 않았으나, 상대적으로 높은 운전조건에서는 획득 데이터의 오차가 크게 발생하는 것으로 확인하였으며, 회전 기계의 데이터 획득 시 운전조건과 획득 센서위치가 획득 데이터에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to propose part management and standardization to reduce cost and increase compatibility of parts through standardization and standardization of parts to be applied to urban air mobility(UAM) systems, Personnel Air Vehicle(PAV), Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL), and so on. In other words, parts used in the urban air transportation system must be verified from the initial design stage in accordance with the aviation standard, and a systematic management system for various parts must be established to secure stability and improve quality. Therefore, as a system similar to the aviation component management system, it should be thoroughly managed for urban aviation components.

국제해사기구에서는 선박에서 배출되는 질소산화물 및 이산화탄소 등에 관한 환경규제를 꾸준하게 강화하고 있다. 이에 친환 경 요소를 바탕으로 하는 전기추진시스템의 수요가 증가하고 다양한 선박에 적용되며 연구개발이 꾸준하게 진행되고 있다. 전기추진시스 템은 신뢰성을 높이고 선내 배치를 용이하게 하기 위한 이중화 구성이 주로 채택되며 실제 장비나 공간을 가상 세계에 쌍둥이처럼 구현 하고 현실 세계의 정보와 데이터를 가상 세계와 통합하여 실제 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 상황을 컴퓨터로 시뮬레이션 함으로써 결과를 미리 예측할 수 있는 디지털트윈 기술의 접목을 통하여 전기추진시스템의 안전성 확보를 위한 연구 또한 매우 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전기추진선박의 디지털트윈 기술개발을 위한 전력관리시스템 이중화에 대한 검증을 FMEA를 바탕으로 분석 후 선급에서 제시하는 이중화 FMEA 기준을 바탕으로 실제 선박 운항 조건에서 전력관리시스템의 단일 장비 고장의 일차 피해와 이차 피해 및 전체 시스템의 영향을 분석하여 추가 피해를 방지하기 위한 보상기능으로 전력관리시스템의 역할과 알고리즘을 제안하였으며 실제 테스트를 통해 추진력 보존이 개선되었음을 검증하였다.

This paper is to study the technology of inspection and history management systems for wind power that are continuously increasing around the world. In the past, inspections and analysis of major devices in renewable energy system have been operated in an analog way that identifies problems through photography and passive method. To improve this problem, we conduct a study on VR-based inspection history management system using 3D texturing technique of drone image. The paper describes the current status and prospects of wind power, research and development of wind power blade inspection and history management systems, experiments and reviews in the field, and expected effects and future utilization of this technology. It is expected that the latest technology for inspection and management of renewable system will be secured and introduced to the site through the development research of this system to reduce maintenance costs and power generation costs.

Today’s manufacturers must respond quickly to customer needs. In particular, make-to-order companies are constantly striving to satisfy customer demand for products in order to secure more favorable conditions in the future through bidding. In this bidding process, quotations play a very important role in providing favorable conditions. And the most important content that companies strive to satisfy their customers is the product's performance. Therefore, a company can attract customers and secure economic profits through good quotations, but it can be said that the first priority is to match the performance of the products requested by the customers. That is, when a company creates a quotation, it is important to structure the quotation according to the performance of the product. Thus, this paper intends to present a quotation management framework and a quotation BOM information model for constructing quotations efficiently in make-to-order manufacturing. And, in order to prove the usefulness of the proposed quotation management framework, we presents an case of the construction of an quotation management system based on the JAVA platform. As a result, the integrated quotation management system based on the proposed quotation management framework and quotation BOM has been successfully operated in a make-to-order company that manufactures marine engines.