Recently, there has been an increasing attempt to replace defect detection inspections in the manufacturing industry using deep learning techniques. However, obtaining substantial high-quality labeled data to enhance the performance of deep learning models entails economic and temporal constraints. As a solution for this problem, semi-supervised learning, using a limited amount of labeled data, has been gaining traction. This study assesses the effectiveness of semi-supervised learning in the defect detection process of manufacturing using the MixMatch algorithm. The MixMatch algorithm incorporates three dominant paradigms in the semi-supervised field: Consistency regularization, Entropy minimization, and Generic regularization. The performance of semi-supervised learning based on the MixMatch algorithm was compared with that of supervised learning using defect image data from the metal casting process. For the experiments, the ratio of labeled data was adjusted to 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of the total data. At a labeled data ratio of 5%, semi-supervised learning achieved a classification accuracy of 90.19%, outperforming supervised learning by approximately 22%p. At a 10% ratio, it surpassed supervised learning by around 8%p, achieving a 92.89% accuracy. These results demonstrate that semi-supervised learning can achieve significant outcomes even with a very limited amount of labeled data, suggesting its invaluable application in real-world research and industrial settings where labeled data is limited.

Mid-sized manufacturing companies, which account for 0.7%(5,480 companies), 13.8%(1.169 million persons) of total employment, and 15.7% of total sales, have recently experienced a lot of difficulties in management activities due to the impact of COVID-19, the U.S.-China trade war, and the collapse of global supply chains. To overcome this, revitalization of quality management activities to strengthen corporate competitiveness is emerging as an urgent task. In order for these quality management activities to achieve their intended purpose, the positive leadership of corporate managers is very important above all else. There have been many studies related to positive leadership, but most have focused on charismatic leadership and transformational leadership centered on large companies or small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, this study aims to present ways to strengthen the leadership of managers by empirically analyzing how the positive leadership of managers of mid-sized manufacturing companies, which was relatively under-researched, affects quality management activities and Business performance(Balanced Score Card; BSC).

Recently, as ESG management has become an important issue, major companies in the automotive parts manufacturing industry are conducting ESG evaluations of their suppliers for the purpose of supply chain management. The results of these evaluations are being incorporated into contractual agreements. However, many small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) are lacking in their capacity and resources to effectively respond to ESG evaluations. Furthermore, existing ESG management guidelines do not provide an industry-specific guidance, making it necessary to establish industry-specific guidelines that SMEs can refer to. Therefore, in this study, the evaluation Indicators of ESG supply chain assessments are surveyed, which is conducted by domestic major automotive parts companies and global automobile manufacturers. Then 56 supply chain ESG evaluation Indicators are derived. Also, ESG management indicators for SMEs is analyzed through the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA), based on an interview of expert groups. Therefore, this study could propose industry-specific ESG guidelines, based on the results of the derived indicators, which reflects the need for SMEs to practice ESG management within certain boundaries.

본 연구는 기업의 기술혁신이 고용과 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 변수 간 양방향 인과관계를 고려하여 분석하였다. 기술혁신의 대리변수는 기업의 특허출원 수이며, 분석대상은 100인 이상 규모의 국내 제조업체이다. 실증분석의 경우 기술혁신(특허출원), 고용(근로자 수, 숙련 근로자 비중), 기업성과(근로자 1인당 매출액)가 종속변수인 연립방정식 모형을 3단계 최소자승추정법(3SLS)으로 추정하였다. 외생변수로 기업의 경영상 특성과 일반적 특성을 통제하였고, 각 방정식의 식별변수로 R&D집약도, 근로자 1인당 노동비용(또는 기업부설연구소 보유 여부), 교육훈련투자를 사용하였다. 분석자료는 인적자본기업패널(HCCP)의 1차년도(2005년) ∼7차년도(2017년) 자료이며, 이를 NICE신용평가정보(주)의 기업 재무자료 및 한국 특허청의 특허정보와 병합하여 사용하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, 기업의 특허출원이 활발할수록 근로자 수, 숙련 근로자 비중, 근로자 1인당 매출액이 모두 증가하였고, 반대 방향의 인과관계도 모두 유의 하였다. 따라서 기업의 기술혁신은 고용의 확대 및 질적 제고뿐 아니라 기업의 지속적인 성장에도 기여하는 것으로 확인된다.

In recent years, ESG activities (Environment, Social and Governance) have been paid more and more attention by enterprises and their stakeholders in various countries. China is the largest developing country in the world. The ESG performance of Chinese listed enterprises helps to understand the shortcomings of their sustainable development ability and further enhance the firm value. Moreover, the interaction effect between green innovation investment and ESG activities is of great significance for enterprises to balance the resource allocation between the two factors in the future. Taking listed Chinese manufacturing companies from 2011 to 2020 as an example, this study investigates the influence of ESG activities on financial performance and non-financial performance, and tests the moderating role of green innovation. Our results show that: (1) ESG performance has a negative impact on financial performance; (2) ESG performance has a positive impact on non-financial performance; (3) Green innovation can positively adjust the negative impact of environmental activities on financial performance. However, it will enhance the negative impact of governance activities on financial performance. The interaction effect between green innovation and social activities on corporate financial performance is a substitution effect; (4) With the improvement of green innovation level, the positive impact of ESG overall performance and environmental performance on corporate reputation will also be suppressed.

The utilization of carbonaceous reinforcement-based polymer matrix composites in structural applications has become a hot topic in composite research. Although conventional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have revolutionized the composite industry by offering unparalleled features, they are often plagued with a weak interface and lack of toughness. However, the promising aspects of carbon fiber-based fiber hybrid composites and hierarchical composites can compensate for these setbacks. This review provides a meticulous landscape and recent progress of polymer matrixbased different carbonaceous (carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphene, and nanodiamond) fillers reinforced composites’ mechanical properties. First, the mechanical performance of neat CFRP was exhaustively analyzed, attributing parameters were listed down, and CFRPs’ mechanical performance barriers were clearly outlined. Here, short carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite was distinguished as a prospective material. Second, the strategic advantages of fiber hybrid composites over conventional CFRP were elucidated. Third, the mechanical performance of hierarchical composites based on carbon nanotube (1D), graphene (2D) and nanodiamond (0D) was expounded and evaluated against neat CFRP. Fourth, the review comprehensively discussed different fabrication methods, categorized them according to performance and suggested potential future directions. From here, the review sorted out three-dimensional printing (3DP) as the most futuristic fabrication method and thoroughly delivered its pros and cons in the context of the aforementioned carbonaceous materials. To conclude, the structural applications, current challenges and future prospects pertinent to these carbonaceous fillers reinforced composite materials were elaborated.

In this study, in order to confirm the relationship between technical innovation competence and corporate performance, the effect of technical innovation competence of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies on corporate performance was identified, and entrepreneurship, which plays a role as a driving force in triggering technical innovation competence, was analyzed to determine whether there is a mediating effect between them. To conduct the research, first, the research model was established by examining previous studies on technical innovation competence, entrepreneurship, and corporate performance. Second, an on-line and offline survey was conducted for employees in companies after constructing a questionnaire that can verify the hypothesis suitable for the research model. Third, the hypothesis was verified by performing validity and reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using a statistical program. Results of this study, first, it was found that R&D competence and technology innovation system, which are elements of technical innovation competence, had a significant effect on financial performance, and technology innovation system and technology accumulation capacity, had a significant effect on non-financial performance. Second, it was analyzed that entrepreneurship has a mediating effect in both R&D capability, technological innovation system and technology accumulation capability, which are elements of technical innovation capability, and financial and non-financial performance, elements of corporate performance.

The relationship between companies in the supply chain is a core competency of the company and key indicator which determines the survival of a company. Therefore, companies are investing in efforts for inter-company relations, and related studies have been conducted for a long time. However, in the supply chain, the positions and characteristics of suppliers and buyers are not the same. Therefore, research is needed to better understand and respond to other characteristics of the relationship between suppliers and buyers. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the resources held between the buyer and the supplier through social capital, which is a value asset that can be used as a resource created through social relations, and whether it affects the commitment of the relationship. In addition, The core of this study was to statistically analyze the differences between suppliers and buyers through this analysis. This study was conducted by surveying companies that are suppliers and buyers along the supply chain. The difference between the supplier and the buyer was revealed through empirical analysis, and statistically, the difference between the two groups was also revealed. As a result of the analysis, the higher the involvement of the buyer, the more significant the result of structural capital was, and the result was statistically opposite to the supplier. As for the relationship capital, quantitative and qualitative relationship capital had different effects on the commitment. Both the supplier and the buyer had a positive effect on relationship performance. However, the effect of emotional commitment on non-financial relationship performance has a greater degree of influence on suppliers, and it appears in statistical differences. This study revealed differences in the relationship between suppliers and buyers, and found that different investments and efforts were required for each group.

The effects of R&D investment on innovation such as patents and intangible assets, and the effect on the corporate performance such as revenue and profit growth, were analyzed using path analysis. In particular, this study compared and analyzed the performances of non-cooperative R&D and cooperative R&D. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, R&D investment has a significant impact on innovation performance. This supports the existing research results. Second, patents have a significant impact on intangible asset growth. Third, in the case of corporate groups carrying out cooperative R&D, intangible asset growth forms a significant causal relationship with revenue growth. Fourth, in case of cooperative R&D, intangible asset growth has a significant mediating effect between patent and revenue growth. Like the existing research, the results of this research support the innovation performance of R&D investment. It also supports the existing argument that the results of cooperative R&D are more favorable to increase corporate value. However, unlike the existing research, we found a path leading to increased revenue through patents and intangible assets, and confirmed that such a path is likely to be achieved through cooperative R & D rather than internal R&D.

본 연구는 국내에 진출해 있는 외국인투자기업 본사의 경영자 파견여부가 해외자회사의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 관찰하였다. 이에 더하여 연구개발 활동 수준, 기업 규모, 합작설립 여부와 같은 자회사 수준 변수들의 조절 효과를 규명해 보고자 하였다. 다국적 해외진출기업 총람을 통하여 획득한 338개의 외국인투자기업을 표본으로 2011년부터 2015년까지의 5개년도 패널자료를 분석한 본 연구의 실증 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내진출 외 국인투자기업의 최고경영자가 본사에서 파견한 외국인일 경우 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 외국인투자기업 해외 자회사의 연구개발 활동이 활발할수록 본사에서 파견된 최고경영자가 해외자회사의 성과에 미치는 영향력이 강화되는 것으로 나타났다.

융⋅복합 제품의 확산, 디지털 기술의 발전과 고도화, 제품수명주기의 단축, 지식원천의 다양화 등 경영환경의 급격한 변화로 인하여 기업은 내부 자원만을 이용한 혁신으로 경쟁에 대처하기 어려운 상황에 놓이게 되었다. 특히, 중소기업은 자체 기술개발의 한계와 자원의 제약으로 인해 환경변화에 신속하게 대처하기가 더욱 어렵다. 기업이 제품과 시장에서 지위를 강화하기 위해서는 혁신에 필요한 아이디어나 기술 등을 외부에서 조달하고 내부의 자원들도 외부와 공유하며 새로운 제품과 서비스를 개발해야만 한다. 기업이 기업 내부와 외부로의 지식흐름을 활용하여 내부 혁신성과를 높이고 혁신의 외부 활용시장을 확대하여 기업의 가치를 높이는 개방형 혁신 패러다임은 여전히 유용한 혁신 전략이 될 수 있는 이유이다. 개방형 혁신에 관한 다양한 연구들이 진행되었지만, 중소기업의 개방형 혁신의 선행요인과 기업성과를 하나의 연구모형으로 분석하여 개방형 혁신에 대한 심층적인 이해를 제공한 연구는 부족하다. 또한 개방형 혁신의 선행요인 연구에서 그 중요성에도 불구하고 충분하게 검증되지 않았던 기업가 지향성과 개방적 조직문화에 대해 그 영향을 실증적으로 확인할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 중소기업의 기업가 지향성과 개방적 조직문화가 개방형 혁신에 미치는 영향을 검토하고, 기업가 지향성, 개방적 조직문화, 개방형 혁신이 기업성과에 미치는 직⋅간접적 영향을 개방형 혁신의 매개효과를 중심으로 분석한다. 실증분석을 위해 우리나라 상장기업들과 외부감사기업들 중 종업원 100인 이상 5,000명 이하 제조기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였으며, 283개의 유효한 응답결과에 대해 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 연구모형과 가설을 검증했다. 실증분석 결과는 첫째, 기업가 지향성은 개방형 혁신과 기업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 둘째, 기업의 개방적 조직문화는 개방형 혁신에는 긍정적인 영향을 나타내지만 기업성과에 미치는 직접적 영향은 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타냈다. 셋째, 개방형 혁신은 기업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 개방형 혁신은 기업가 지향성과 기업성과 사이에서 부분적으로 매개효과를 나타내며, 개방적 조직문화와 기업성과 사이에서는 완전매개 효과를 나타내었다.

In recent years, there have been many serious disasters caused by the lack of basic safety and health measures at workplaces, such as chemical poisoning accidents and fire and explosion accidents at large shipyards. At the same time, interest and awareness of the safety of our people is rising. There are several schemes to preemptively remove industrial accidents. Among them, the safety and health diagnosis system that provides the safety and health of the workplace is proposed as an alternative and the system is expanding quantitatively every year by suggesting problems and remedial measures. Therefore, it is very important to secure the safety and health of the workplace through the safety and health diagnosis. However, due to the lack of laws and regulations on safety and health diagnosis system, dumping of diagnosis amount due to the existence of too many diagnosis agencies, lack of expertise of diagnostic workforce, etc. there has been serious disasters in the diagnostic workspaces. In this regard, the reliability of the safety and health diagnosis is questionable. Therefore, in this study, I intend to improve the reliability of safety and health diagnosis by reviving the intention of safety and health diagnosis legislation

The value created by supply chain management (SCM) practices means managers today are even more interested in these initiatives, this is especially true in emerging markets where they can have a profound impact. This research examines several critical SCM initiatives (strategic supplier partnerships, information quality, and proactive logistics practices), and their impact on supply chain flexibility, and ultimately organizational performance for small scale (fewer than 100 employees) manufacturing firms in India. These constructs are especially important for India because it has been suggested that they have high logistics costs as a result of insufficient infrastructure (e.g., power grid) and various labor-related issues. Under the Extended Resource Based View of the firm (Mathews, 2003) managers realize that capitalizing on supplier capabilities can improve the firm’s own responsiveness and overall performance. Therefore we examined strategic supplier partnerships (the long-term cooperative exchanges with critical suppliers) and proactive logistics practices (the interactions specifically with logistics providers regarding planning and joint problem solving), along with information quality (including accuracy, adequacy, timeliness, and credibility of information being exchanged) (Monczka et al., 1998). Other constructs include supply chain flexibility (the ability of the firm to respond to any change concerning its trading partners) and organizational performance (capturing productivity, efficiency, market share, and profit level) (Yamin et al., 1999; Tan et al., 1998). Validated scales developed by Li (2002) and Tan et al. (1998) were used and firm owners were targeted from a list of Coimbatore’s (a city in India) small scale manufacturers covering a wide-range of industries. The result was 75 completed surveys (a 94% response rate) which we evaluated using partial least squares (PLS) path modeling as appropriate for our sample size. The findings indicate that improving strategic supplier partnerships and information quality enables the firm to achieve a more flexible supply chain and ultimately better organizational performance. This research improves our understanding of critical considerations

본 연구는 CEO의 혁신성, 학습적 문화, 정보 시스템 활용 수준이 기업의 혁신성과에 미치는 영향 그리고 이러 한 혁신성과가 기업의 경제적 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보는데 주요 목적이 있다. 김해시에서 활동하 고 있는 중소제조기업 122개를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 구조방정식을 통해 분석한 결과, CEO의 혁신성과 학습 문화는 각각 기업의 혁신 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 그리고 기업의 혁신 성과는 기업의 경제적 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 본 연구는 혁신은 대기업의 전유물이 아니며 대기업에게만 효과가 있는 것이 아니라 자원 이 부족하지만 CEO의 경영 스타일과 학습적 문화와 같이 거대한 자본을 들이지 않는 혁신활동으로도 기업의 혁 신을 이끌 수 있다는 것을 제안한다. 또한, 중소기업에게 있어 혁신이 기업 성과를 결정하는 요인으로 밝혀졌기 에 중소기업의 CEO는 실무적으로 이를 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 마지막으로, 본 연구에서는 기존 문헌과 달리 혁신성과를 경제적 성과와 연결하여 살펴보았다는데 큰 의의가 있다.

The present study is aimed at examining in multilateral ways the structural relationship among technological orientation, market orientation and product development performance of manufacturing companies, which are deemed to be key factors for them to increase absorptive capacities. From the study, it was revealed that: First, in terms of the relationship between market orientation and absorptive capacities, it was made clear by the analysis that the market orientation sought after by manufacturing companies has influence upon their absorptive capacities. Second, with regard to the relationship between technological orientation and absorptive capacities of manufacturing companies, the analysis found that the technological orientation pursued by them affects their absorptive capacities. Third, as for the relationship between absorptive capacities and product development performance, the analysis made it clear that the absorptive capacities of manufacturing companies exerts influence upon their product development performance. Fourth, in respect to the relationship between market orientation and product development performance, it was concluded from the analysis that market orientation produces effect upon product development performances like technological innovation and acquisition of new technologies needed for product development. Finally, regarding the relationship between technological orientation and product development performance of manufacturing companies, it became obvious from the analysis that the technological orientation affects the product development performance.

본 연구는 기대이론, 강화이론, 목표설정이론과 상대적 박탈이론 등에 근거하여 한국 제조기업의 성과급 수준이 직원들의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 개인에게 차등적으로 지급되는 개인성과급 수준은 직원들의 조직몰입에 부(-)의 영향을 미치며, 팀, 사업부, 전사적으로 지급되는 집단성과급 수준은 직원들의 조직몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다고 주장하였다. 뿐만 아니라 외국인 지분 보유가 성과급 수준과 조직몰입 간의 관계를 부(-)의 방향으로 조절할 것이라고 주장하였다. 국내 200개 제조기업에 근무 중인 4,531명의 직원들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 자료를 활용하여 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 이상의 주장을 실증적으로 검증하였다.