In this study, theoretical analyses are performed to investigate the characteristics of the static and dynamic stiffness of a nonlinear vibration isolator system. The vibration isolator system is modeled as an equivalent nonlinear oscillator. Based on the model, the static equilibrium and frequency response solutions are obtained with the variations of external static load and/or system parameters. It is shown that the static stiffness of the nonlinear vibration isolator tends to be hardened with the increase of external static load, which prevents the occurrence of excessively large deflection. This static stiffness-hardening effect is more remarkable with a larger spring constant ratio. The dynamic stiffness is also strengthened when the spring constant ratio increases, which enlarges the force transmissibility and reduces the isolation frequency bandwidth. Thus, the static stiffness- hardening improves the robustness of the nonlinear vibration isolator, whereas the dynamic stiffness-hardening rather degrades its performance. Thus, the opposite tendency of the static and dynamic stiffness-hardening effects should be considered in the design process of the nonlinear vibration isolator.

This study performed the seismic response analysis of an LNG storage tank supported by a disconnected piled raft foundation (DPRF) with a load transfer platform (LTP). For this purpose, a precise analytical model with simultaneous consideration of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) and Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) was used. The effect of the LTP characteristics (thickness, stiffness) of the DPRF system on the seismic response of the superstructure (inner and outer tanks) and piles was analyzed. The analytical results were compared with the response of the piled raft foundation (PRF) system. The following conclusions can be drawn from the numerical results: (1) The DPRF system has a smaller bending moment and axial force at the head of the pile than the PRF system, even if the thickness and stiffness of the LTP change; (2) The DPRF system has a slight stiffness of the LTP and the superstructure member force can increase with increasing thickness. This is because as the stiffness of the LTP decreases and the thickness increases, the natural frequency of the LTP becomes closer to the natural frequency of the superstructure, which may affect the response of the superstructure. Therefore, when applying the DPRF system, it is recommended that the sensitivity analysis of the seismic response to the thickness and stiffness of the LTP must be performed.

The saturation of wet storage facilities constructed and operated within nuclear power plant sites has magnified the significance of research concerning the dry storage of spent nuclear fuel. Not only do wet storage facilities incur higher operational and maintenance costs compared to dry storage facilities, but long-term storage of metal-clad fuel assemblies submerged in aqueous tanks is deemed unsuitable. Consequently, dry storage is anticipated to gain prominence in the future. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that quantitatively assessing the residual water content remains elusive even when employing the apparatus and procedures utilized in the existing dry storage processes. The presence of residual water can only be inferred from damage or structural alterations to the spent nuclear fuel during its dry storage, making precise prediction of this element crucial, as it can be a significant contributor to potential deformations and deterioration. The aforementioned challenges compound the issue of retrievability, as substantial complexities emerge when attempting to retrieve spent nuclear fuel for permanent disposal in the future. Consequently, our research team has established a laboratory-scale vacuum drying facility to investigate the sensitivity of various parameters, including canister volume, pump capacity, water surface area, and water temperature, which can exert thermohydraulic influences on residual water content. Moreover, we have conducted dimensional analysis to quantify the thermohydraulic effects of these parameters and express them as dimensionless numbers. These analytical approaches will subsequently be integrated into predictive models for residual water content, which will be further developed and validated at pilot or full-scale levels. Furthermore, our research team is actively engaged in experimental investigations aimed at fine-tuning the duration of the pressure-holding phase while optimizing the evaporation process under conditions designed to avert the formation of ice caused by abrupt temperature fluctuations. Given that the canister is constructed from acrylic material, we are able to identify, from a phenomenological perspective, the specific juncture at which the boiling phenomenon becomes manifest during the vacuum drying process.

This paper described a method for analyzing the structural performance of a metal container used for disposing radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, and numerical analysis results of a method for reinforcing the container. The containers to be analyzed were those that can be used in near-surface and landfill disposal facilities scheduled to be operated at the Gyeongju radioactive waste disposal facility. Structural reinforcement of the container was performed by lattice reinforcement, column reinforcement, and bottom plate reinforcement. Accordingly, a total of 14 reinforcement cases were modeled. The external force causing damage to the container was set equivalent to the impact of a 9-m fall, accounting for the height of the vault at the near-surface disposal facility. The reinforcement methods with a high contribution to the structural performance of the container were concluded to be lattice and column reinforcements.

The “shadow zone” is defined as a region below a flow obstacle, such as a vault, in unsaturated soils. Due to the capillary discontinuity of the cavity, water saturation on the top and side of the cavity is higher than the ambient saturation. On the bottom of the cavity, however, there is a region where water saturation is lower than ambient saturation. Undoubtedly, a shadow zone may also exist below a LILW disposal vault built in subsurface soils above the water table before the vault is fully degraded. During the degradation, flow in the shadow zone is controlled by the rate of water infiltrating the degrading vault. In this study, as one of the efforts to be made for enhancing safety margin by a realistic safety assessment of the engineered vault type LILW disposal facility, the shadow zone effect is investigated by a numerical parametric study using AMBER code. The conceptual model and data were excerpted from IAEA, ISAM Vault Test Case for the liquid release design scenario. It is assumed that the nearfield barriers degrade with time. In order to compare a visible shadow zone effect, the vault degradation period is assumed to be both 500 and 1,000 years, and the shadow zone depth to be varied according to unsaturated zone lithology. It can be seen that with a shorter shadow zone (2.7 m), radionuclides arrive at the water table earlier than with a full shadow zone (55 m) due to increased advection rate in the unsaturated zone. This effect tends to be more visible in the case of a longer degradation period. For radionuclides with short residence time relative to their half-lives in the unsaturated zone, such as Tc-99 and I-129, the radionuclides are shown to come out because they will arrive sooner, thereby allowing less peak release rate, when the shadow zone effect is considered. Once the vault is completely degraded and the infiltration rate of water flowing through the vault is equal to the ambient rate, the shadow zone effect disappears. In this example calculations using IAEA ISAM Vault Test Case input parameters, it might not be shown a significant shadow zone effect. Nevertheless, when the extent of the shadow zone is determined through more sophisticated hydraulic studies in the unsaturated soils surrounding the vault, the shadow zone effect would be checked up on the realistic near-field radionuclide transport modeling in order to contribute to gaining safety margins for post-closure safety assessment of the Wolsong 2nd phase LILW disposal facility.

In order to construct and operate the dry storage systems, it is essential to confirm the safety of the systems through safety analysis. If the dry storage cask is damaged due to an accident, a large amount of radioactive material may be leaked to the outside and cause radiation exposure to surrounding workers and nearby public, so the effect thereof should be evaluated. Many input parameter are required in the confinement evaluation for accident condition, and in this study, the change in the confinement evaluation result according to the change of major input parameter is to be studied. In this study, we selected fractions of radioactive materials available for release from spent fuel, cooling time, and distance to exclusive area boundary as the major input parameter. In general, the release fraction suggested by NUREG-1536 has been used, but NUREG-2224 provides the fraction for high burn-up spent fuel in fire and impact accident conditions, unlike NUREG-1536 which provide a single value. In the case of the distance to exclusive area boundary, 100 to 800 m was considered, and in the case of the cooling time, 10 to 50 years was considered in this study. In order to compare the dose change by the parameter, we set up the hypothetical storage system. A storage cask of the system contain 21 PWR spent fuel assemblies with an initial enrichment of 4.5wt%, burnup of 45,000 MWD/MTU. During the accident condition, it is assumed that the cask is leaked at 1.0×10−7cm3·sec−1. Since the main dose criterion for accident conditions is 50 mSv of effective dose, effective doses are calculated in this study. In an accident condition, transuranic particulate contribute most of the doses, so the doses are determined according to the fraction for the particulate. Therefore, it was confirmed that the dose was almost the same as the fraction for the accident conditions in NUREG-1536 and the fraction for the impact accident conditions in NUREG-2224 is 3×10−5, but the dose was also 100 times higher as the fraction for the fire accident conditions in NUREG-2224 is 3×10−3. In the case of the cooling time, it was confirmed that the dose change according to the cooling time was not significant because the dose contribution of transuranic elements having very long half-life was very large. In the case of the distance, it was confirmed that the dose decreased exponentially as the atmospheric dispersion factor decreased exponentially with the distance.

기존 화석 연료의 고갈 및 환경오염의 문제와 대용량 발전을 위하여 해양환경 및 자원을 이용한 친환경에너지 발전에 대한 연구 및 개발이 증가하고 있으며, 이 중 높은 발전 효율을 가진 해상태양광 발전에 대한 연구가 크게 증가하고 있다. 환경하중이 비교적 약한 내수조건과 달리, 환경하중이 강한 해양에서의 태양광 발전을 위해서는 더 강한 강성의 구조재를 사용해야 한다. 하지만, 구조재의 생 산 가능성, 무게를 포함한 구조물 특성 및 경제적 효율성 등의 제약조건이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 부유식 방파제를 설 치함으로써 태양광구조물에 작용하는 파랑하중을 감소시켜 구조재의 강성 강화를 최소화하고자 하였다. 부유식 방파제의 크기 및 구 조물로부터의 거리를 변화하여 이에 따른 파랑하중 및 구조재 응력의 감소 정도를 확인하였다. 다수 부력체의 상호간섭을 고려한 파 랑하중의 경우, 고차경계요소법(Higher-Order Boundary Element Emthod)을 이용해 산정하였으며, 구조재에 작용하는 응력은 유한요 소법(Finite Element Method)을 통해 평가하였다. 각 조건에서의 최대응력을 분석 및 비교함으로써 해상태양광 발전 시스템에 대한 부 유식 방파제의 영향을 확인하였으며, 부유식 방파제의 크기가 파랑하중 및 구조재 응력 감소에 큰 영향을 미침을 확인하였다.

In this study, the frequency response analysis of a bistable electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is performed, based on an electromagnetic oscillator model, to investigate its nonlinear dynamic behaviors. The displacement and current responses are obtained, by the direct integration of the model, with the variations of mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. It is shown that the operating frequency band of the system can be broadened by the increase in mechanical parameters(inertial mass and Q-factor), but it does not depend significantly on any electromagnetic parameters(an external load resistance and the internal resistance of a coil). On the other hand, the output current of the energy harvester is affected only by the electromagnetic parameters (specifically, the sum of two resistances). Thus, the mechanical and electromagnetic parameters of the electromagnetic energy harvester must be designed properly, respectively, for broader and more efficient performance.

Ti-6Al-4V alloy has a wide range of applications, ranging from turbine blades that require smooth surfaces for aerodynamic purposes to biomedical implants, where a certain surface roughness promotes biomedical compatibility. Therefore, it would be advantageous if the high volumetric density is maintained while controlling the surface roughness during the LPBF of Ti-6Al-4V. In this study, the volumetric energy density is varied by independently changing the laser power and scan speed to document the changes in the relative sample density and surface roughness. The results where the energy density is similar but the process parameters are different are compared. For comparable energy density but higher laser power and scan speed, the relative density remained similar at approximately 99%. However, the surface roughness varies, and the maximum increase rate is approximately 172%. To investigate the cause of the increased surface roughness, a nonlinear finite element heat transfer analysis is performed to compare the maximum temperature, cooling rate, and lifetime of the melt pool with different process parameters.

본 논문에서는 Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL) 기법을 이용하여 인공섬 형식의 방호공을 구성하는 수중사면에 선박이 충돌하 는 경우 발생하는 선박의 선수와 지반의 거동에 대한 매개변수 해석을 수행하였다. 고려된 매개변수는 선수의 경우 선수각, 스템각, 충돌위치 그리고 충돌속도이며, 지반의 조건으로 사면의 기울기, 지반과 선박의 마찰계수 그리고 지반의 강도이다. 선수의 거동으로 부터 소산된 충돌력과 운동에너지를 각 매개변수에 대해 산정하고, 이를 지반의 변형과 연계하여 에너지 소산기구의 거동을 파악하였다. 충돌력을 변위의 지수함수로 가정하고 매개변수의 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 지수함수의 계수는 사면의 경사와 선박과의 마찰계수에만 영향을 받는 결과를 얻었다. 이 관계로부터 소산되는 충돌에너지를 타당하게 산정할 수 있었다. 충돌 시 선수에 의해 밀려난 원지반의 부피와 소산된 충돌에너지는 비례하는 관계로 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 보였고, 이 관계는 선박의 형상보다는 선박과 사면 의 마찰계수와 지반의 강도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

PURPOSES: In this study, a numerical parametric study was performed to evaluate the effect of angular velocity and weight of wheel, and density of road-bed particles on corrugation development. METHODS : Discrete element method coupled with rigid body dynamics was applied to simulate a wheel-running circular table with variations in independent parameters, such as wheel angular velocity, wheel weight, and particle density. The position profiles for travel distance from origin were compared and analyzed to confirm if the trend from numerical analysis agrees with the analytical solution. RESULTS: The angular velocity of the wheel exhibits a clear inverse relationship with the development of corrugation even though the weight of wheel does not demonstrate clear trends for both long-wave and short-wave corrugation. The density of road-bed particles is observed to have clear proportional effect on corrugation development. The movement of corrugation to the running direction, which was observed in previous research, is also observed for various conditions. CONCLUSIONS : The parametric study using discrete element method with rigid body dynamics clearly exhibits good agreement with analytical solution for initiation of corrugation. The coupled method is confirmed to supply additional information that cannot be delivered by analytical solution only.

A Beam String Structure (BSS) is a type of hybrid structures, which is composed of upper structural members, lower strings, and struts. Due to the advantages that the pre-tensioned strings elicit pre-caber of the upper structural members, the deflection can be greatly reduced without increasing the structural member size. In this study, a two-way beam string structure is proposed to endure bi-directional loading. The two-way beam string structure consists of two cable parts, namely, sagging and arch-shaped cables. A parametric study is presented aimed at proposing design guide lines of the two-way beam string structures. Numerical finite element analyses through the ABAQUS package were implemented to obtain their behaviors.

조합하중 작용 시 현무암섬유 강화 복합재료(BFRP) 플레이트의 좌굴거동에 대한 해석적 연구를 유한 요소법(FEM)을 통하여 평가하였다. 복합재료 플레이트 내에서 고려될 수 있는 경계 조건, 치수의 종횡비 및 하중 조건과 같은 다양한 매개변수에 대한 영향성을 연구하였다. BFRP의 역학적 성질은 국내에서 제작된 시편을 이용하여 인장 및 면내 전단 실험을 통하여 구하였다. 산정된 물성치를 토대로 고전적인 판 이론을 이용하여 대칭으로 적층된 판을 우선적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 2축 및 전단에 대한 조합 하중의 경우, 종횡비가 0.5∼1.0 일 때 좌굴하중이 빠르게 감소한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 반대로, 종횡 비가 1.0∼2.5 일 때는 좌굴하중이 약간 감소하는 경향이 보였다. 또한, 기존 축 방향 하중의 평면 내 전단 하중을 조합하여 추가할 경우 플레이트 판 내의 좌굴하중 감소가 약 4% 정도로서 큰 영향을 미치지 못함을 알 수 있었다.

딥러닝을 위한 CNN 기술은 의학, 농업, 항공 및 자동차 산업 전반에 걸쳐 연구, 개발되고 있다. 또한 콘크리트 균열이나 강철 용접 결함과 같은 건설 분야에도 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 건설분야에 적용하기에 앞서, 이전 연구를 발전시키고 CNN 기법을 사용하여 손으로 쓴 이미지의 분류를 분석하였다. 딥러닝은 일반적으로 학습층의 깊이가 깊을수록 정확도가 높아지지만 분석 시간이 오래 걸리는 단점이 있다. 또한 훈련 옵션에 따라 많은 변화가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 많은 파라미터 연구를 수행했고 학습 계층이 더욱더 깊어질 때 분석을 수행하였다.

본 연구에서는 DVR 내부 공기유동을 직접 제어하여 CPU의 온도를 낮추기 위한 유동제어 구조물을 제안하였다. 제안된 구조물은 세 개의 얇은 판의 형태로 구성되었으며, DVR 내부의 공기 유동을 포괄적으로 제어하여 CPU의 효율적인 방열을 유도하고자 하였다. DOE와 RSM을 이용한 매개변수 연구기법을 통해 유동제어 구조물의 형상을 최적화하였으며, 해석에는 유한체적방법을 이용한 유체역학 분석 패키지인 FlowVision을 사용하였다. 실제 DVR 기기에서의 실험을 통해 해석 결과를 검증한 결과 CPU의 온도가 16.1℃ 낮아짐을 확인하였다

When piles adjacent to deep excavations (i.e. tunnel operation), pile for slope stabilization, highway embankments near abutment piles in soft soil, the load generates lateral soil movement on pile. The lateral soil movement leads to develop the horizontal pressure between the pile and soil, also increase deflection as well as bending moment in the pile. In order to investigate a single pile subjected to horizontal loads due to the movement of the upper soil layer, the pile and soils are modelled by using 3D finite element analysis in this paper. The finite element analysis software used in this study is ANSYS. Furthermore, the soil's elastic behaviour follows the Mohr-Coulomb model and the pair of contact elements is used to simulate the pile-soil contact. A good correlation between laboratory and predicted results is observed in the validation analysis. The parametric study also demonstrates that soil Young's modulus and soil movement profile are key factors in predicting the behaviour of the pile.

Beam bracing is applied to prevent the relative displacement of the top and bottom flanges or to effectively control the twisting of the section, and the lateral stability of the beams are provided by lateral bracing, torsional bracing or a combination of both. Modular steel I-girders are laterally interconnected by torsional bracings that are installed to increase the resistance to lateral torsional buckling. In this paper, numerical parametric study was carried out by varying the crossbeam web height to examine the effects of the web torsional stiffness. Three-dimensional finite-element analysis using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS was obtained for the parametric numerical analyses of a series of feasible two-girder models, and the failure mode, lateral-torsional buckling strength and the moment-displacement behavior of the main girders was determined.

The purpose of this study was to analyze some parameters’ effects on buckling behavior of Sinusoidal Corrugated Web using finite element analysis program. Studying buckling behavior is one of the most important things to design sinusoidal corrugated web girders and predict the shear performance. In this paper, Four parameters of Sinusoidal Corrugated Web, which are thickness( ), height( ), wave height( ) and wave length( ), were selected for buckling behavior analysis. Via buckling analysis, it is shown that  ,  and  have influence on shear buckling stress, Initial stiffness and reduced strength after buckling.