토양 오염 정화 방법 중 토양 세척은 널리 활용되는 정화 방법으로, 고농도 중금속 및 일부 유기오염물질을 단기 간에 효과적으로 제거할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 중금속, 계면활성제, 염류 및 잔류성 유기오염물질이 혼합된 세척수 의 처리는 여전히 큰 과제로 남아 있다. 이러한 문제에 대응하기 위해 분리막 기반 기술이 유망한 대안으로 주목받고 있다. 본 총설에서는 이러한 기술을 압력 구동형, 삼투압 구동형, 열 구동형, 전기화학 구동형으로 구분하여 최근의 연구 동향을 종 합적으로 정리하였다. 또한, 막 오염과 에너지 소비 등의 주요 기술적 문제를 평가하고, 하이브리드 시스템 통합 및 자원회수 기반의 지속가능한 처리 전략을 포함한 향후 발전 방향을 제안하였다.

본 연구는 케이팝(K-pop) 시장의 성장과 확산에 따른 20대 청년층의 케이팝 소비 현상을 볼터와 그루신의 ‘재매개’ 개념을 중심으로 분석하였다. 문헌 연구와 2차 데이터 분석을 활용하여, 기존 공중파 방송과 유튜브 같은 뉴미디어 플랫폼 간의 상호작용과 재매개 과정을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 케이팝 콘텐츠는 기존 미디어에서 뉴미디어로 재매개되면서 20대 청년층의 소비 패턴에 중 요한 변화를 가져온 것으로 나타났다. 음악 공연은 오프라인에서 온라인 플랫폼으로 이동하면서 시간과 장소의 제약을 넘어 더 넓은 접근성을 제공하게 되었으며, 직캠과 같은 개인화된 콘텐츠의 대중화는 팬들의 선호도를 반영하여 케이팝 콘텐츠 소비를 발전시켰다. 더불어 피지컬 음반에서 플랫폼 음반으로의 전환은 새로운 기술을 접목하여 전통적 음반 형식을 재구성한 사례로, 20대 청년층의 구매 패턴에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 나아가 VR, AR/XR과 같은 기술을 활용한 케이팝 콘텐츠 는 팬들과의 상호작용을 강화하며 새로운 소비 경험을 창출하였다. 이러한 변화는 뉴미디어 환경 에서 재매개가 케이팝 콘텐츠 소비를 다각화하고 글로벌 확산을 촉진하는 데 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구는 케이팝 산업 관계자들에게 현대의 뉴미디어 환경에서 소비자의 콘텐 츠 접근성 및 활용성을 고려한 전략 수립에 대한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

The need for high-performance environmental remediation has increased due to the environment’s ongoing degradation in the form of significant growth in industrialization and urbanization. Therefore, the toxic heavy metals can easily enter into environmental as well as foods and thus the search of clean water for drinking, household and irrigation purposes is of crucial importance. To meet this challenge, microelectrodes are flexible, low-cost and easier for fabrication has become the strong role in the detection of heavy metals with high sensitivity towards higher adsorption of heavy metals from contaminated water. To improve the sensitivity of the microelectrodes, carbon-based microelectrodes decorated with nanomaterials have been explored for the detection of metal ions thereby their presence in trace levels can be estimated. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent developments in carbon-based microelectrodes for the electrochemical determination of heavy metals. It is followed by the various nanomaterials decorated on the carbon microelectrodes for detection of heavy metals was systematically discussed. Finally, the application and the future perspectives in the development of smart electrochemical sensing is provided. This short review will provide the useful information for the recent development in microelectrodes and also guide the pathway for the detection of heavy metals.

서해병 폐기물 배출해역 오염심화구역의 퇴적물 정화·복원을 위해 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017년에 준설토를 피복하였다. 피복 효과 평 가를 위해 배출해역 내 피복구역(5개 정점)과 자연회복구역(2개 정점)을 설정하고 2014년부터 2020년까지 연 1회 구역별 표층 퇴적물을 채취 하여 퇴적물 물리·화학적 특성 및 저서동물상을 분석하였다. 퇴적물 평균 입도(Mz)는 자연회복구역에서 5.91~7.64 Φ로 세립질이었고 피복구 역에서는 준설토의 영향으로 1.47~3.01 Φ의 조립질 퇴적물로 구성되어 있었다. 유기물 및 중금속 함량은 피복구역에서 자연회복구역 대비 약 50 % 낮아(p<0.05) 준설토 피복 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 대형저서동물 분석 결과에서는 피복구역의 출현종수, 생태지수가 자연회 복구역보다 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 피복구역의 출현종수 및 생태지수의 시계열 분석 결과에서는 2013, 2014년 피복 이후 초기 4년간 증가하 다가 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 피복으로 인해 빠른 성장과 짧은 수명의 특징을 보이는 기회종 생물들이 피복 초기에 우세하다가 2016, 2017년에 추가로 피복이 진행됨에 따라 서식환경이 다시 교란되어 나타난 현상으로 추정된다. AMBI는 자연회복구역 및 피복구역에서 모두 2등급(Good), BPI는 1~2등급 수준을 유지하고 있어 건강한 저서상태로 평가되었다. 따라서 폐기물 배출해역의 오염퇴적물 정화 및 저 서생태계 복원을 위한 준설토 피복은 오염도 저감효과는 나타나지만 저서생태계의 측면에서는 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 회복추이를 관찰 해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 향후 배출해역의 오염심화구역 정화 복원 사업 확대 시 적응적 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Forming perceptions and having experiences through digital media is becoming more common than having in-person relationships in digital media environment. This study, which was conducted when Fashion Week transitioned to a digital platform in 2020, focuses on fashion shows that are announced through social media. The purpose of the study is to explore how traditional fashion media change through social media and what their media characteristics are from the perspective of remediation, which has been suggested by Bolter and Grusin (1999) as the logic of change in the new media. The results of the case analysis in this study, based on the definition and logic of remediation outlined through a literature review, are that social media fashion shows are remediated from traditional fashion shows in the manner that they are represented, improved, refashioned, and absorbed. The characteristics of remediation expressed in social-media-based fashion shows were derived from repurposed video content, improved the elements of fashion shows to express the shows in various ways, expanded places within the fashion shows, and decontextualized and visually flattened spatial discontinuity, and from genre transitions and perceptual shifts. Socialmedia- based fashion shows are becoming a tool to renew the fashion experience and views of fashion and strengthen the authenticity of the brand by interacting with the audience, improving on the spatial limitations of traditional fashion shows, and diversifying fashion presentation methods.

Oil spills into ocean or coastal waters can result in significant damage to the environment via pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Absorbents based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) foams have the capacity to remove minor or major oil spills. However, conventional chemical synthesis of rGO often uses petrochemical precursors, potentially harmful chemicals, and requires special processing conditions that are expensive to maintain. In this work, an alternative cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach suitable for large-scale production of high-quality rGO directly from used cooking sunflower oil is discussed. Thus, produced flaky graphene structures are effective in absorbing used commercial sunflower oil and engine oil, via monolayer physisorption in the case of used sunflower and engine oils facilitated by van der Waals forces, π–π stacking and hydrophobic interactions, π-cation ( H+) stacking and radical scavenging activities. From adsorption kinetic models, first-order kinetics provides a better fit for used sunflower oil adsorption (R2 = 0.9919) and second-order kinetics provides a better fit for engine oil adsorption (R2 = 0.9823). From intra-particle diffusion model, R2 for USO is 0.9788 and EO is 0.9851, which indicates that both used sunflower and engine oils adsorption processes follow an intra-particle diffusion mechanism. This study confirms that waste-derived rGO could be used for environmental remediation.

Remediation in game has two logics, transparent immediacy and hypermediacy. Transparent immediacy is a form of visual representation that wipes out the presence of the medium for users and makes them feel as though they are in the presence of the objects of representation. Although game has characteristics of both transparent immediacy and hypermediacy, it has particularly strong transparent immediacy, which allows users to become immersed in the game. The self that is formed in game remediates another self through immersion in immediacy and the awakening of hypermediacy. This study analyzes the characteristics of the remediation self based on the virtual self represented in immediacy and networked self represented in hypermediacy in game. The virtual self is characterized by the immersion and dissolution of Descartes’ ego, which are enabled by the provision of linear perspective and six degrees of freedom. The networked self is characterized by a desire for hypermediacy,which is fulfilled bythe interface windows and a high level of interactivity. This paper explores how game as a new digital medium redefines the self.

본 논문은 디지털 시대의 참여 미술에서 달라진 매체, 주체, 소통의 조건을 분석한다. 1990년대 이후의 미술은 관계 미학과 사회적 작업으로 특징지어진다. 미술은 사람과 사람 간의 소통, 사회 문제에 대한 개입과 참여를 유도하는 보다 민주적인 방향으로 전개되었다. 21세기 들어 디지털 미디어가 미술의 영역에서 더 큰 자리를 차지하게 되었고, 이로 인해 미술작품이 관객들과 맺는 관계에도 변화가 일어났다. 본 논문은 이러한 변화에 대한 관심에서 출발하여 디지털 시대에 참여 미술을 둘러싼 변화와 조건들을 살펴본다. 20세기 초 역사적 아방가르드 이래로 참여미술은 장소와 의미화의 문제에 개입해 왔다. 21세기 디지털화된 미디어 환경으로 매체특정성의 개념이 해체된 이후 제시된 포스트미디엄 조건이 전환을 보인다. 다시 말해, 다양한 미디어를 디지털로 재매개하여 다층적인 감각 경험과 소통을 야기한다. 그 결과 참여 미술이 디지털 미디어의 상호작용성의 미학을 포함하게 되었다.

This paper presents applicability of Fenton oxidation to perchloroethylene(PCE) contaminated soil. The initial concentration of PCE was 187mg/kg and Fenton oxidation conditions were 1.0M H2O2 and 0.5M Fe2+. More than 97% of PCE decomposition and 98% of dechlorination were obtained within 5 hrs. It was found that the decomposition of PCE by Fenton oxidation was followed pseudo first order and its reaction coefficient was 0.78 hr-1. GC-MS and GC-ECD analysis of reaction intermediates confirmed only the presence of trichloroacetic acid(i.e., 1.0% of initial PCE concentration). Under Fenton oxidation conditions, it was proposed that PCE was decomposed not simultaneously but one by one.

Copper hexacyanoferrate (Cu-HCF), which is a type of Prussian Blue analogue (PBA), possesses a specific lattice structure that allows it to selectively and effectively adsorb cesium with a high capacity. However, its powdery form presents difficulties in terms of recovery when introduced into aqueous environments, and its dispersion in water has the potential to impede sunlight penetration, possibly affecting aquatic ecosystems. To address this, sponge-type aluminum oxide, referred to as alumina foam (AF), was employed as a supporting material. The synthesis was achieved through a dip-coating method, involving the coating of aluminum oxide foam with copper oxide, followed by a reaction with potassium hexacyanoferrate (KHCF), resulting in the in-situ formation of Cu-HCF. Notably, Copper oxide remained chemically stable, which led to the application of 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) to facilitate its conversion into Cu-HCF. This was necessary to ensure the proper transformation of copper oxide into Cu-HCF on the AF in the presence of KHCF. The synthesis of Cu-HCF from copper oxide using H3BTC was verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The manufactured adsorbent material, referred to as AF@CuHCF, was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These analyses revealed the presence of the characteristic C≡N bond at 2,100 cm-1, confirming the existence of Cu-HCF within the AF@CuHCF, accounting for approximately 3.24% of its composition. AF@CuHCF exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 34.74 mg/g and demonstrated selective cesium adsorption even in the presence of competing ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Consequently, AF@CuHCF effectively validated its capabilities to selectively and efficiently adsorb cesium from Cs-contaminating wastewater.

The operation of nuclear facilities involves the potential for on-site contamination of soil, primarily resulting from pipe leaks and other operational incidents. Globally, decommissioning process for commercial nuclear power plants have revealed huge-amounts of soil waste contaminated with Cs-137, Sr-90, Co-60, and H-3. For example, Connecticut Yankee in the United States produced approximately 52,800 ton of contaminated soil waste, constituting 10% of the total waste generated during its decommissioning. Environmental remediation costs associated with nuclear decommissioning in the US averaged $60 million per unit, representing a significant 10% of the whole decommissioning expenses. Consequently, this study undertook a preliminary investigation to identify important factors for establishing a site remediation strategy based on radionuclide- and site-specific media- characteristics, focusing the efficiency enhancement for the environmental remediation. The factors considered for this investigation were categorized into physical/environmental, socioeconomic, technical, and management aspects. Physical/environmental factors contained the site characteristics, contamination levels, and environmental sensitivity, while socio-economic factors included the social concerns and economic costs. Technical and management factors included subcategories such as technical considerations, policy aspects, and management factors. Especially, technical factors were further subdivided to consider the site reuse potential, secondary waste generation by site remediation, remediation efficiency, and remediation time. Additionally, our study focused the key factors that facilitate the systematic planning for the site remediation, considering the distribution coefficient (Kd) and hydrogeological characteristics associated with each radionuclide in specific site conditions. Therefore, key factors in this study focus the geochemical characteristics of site media including the particle size distribution, chemical composition, organic and inorganic constituents, and soil moisture content. Moreover, the adsorption properties of site media were examined concerning the distribution coefficient (Kd) of radionuclides and their migration characteristics. Furthermore, this study supported the development of a conceptual framework, containing the remediation strategies that incorporate the mobility of radionuclides, according to the site-specific media. This conceptual framework would necessitate the spatial analysis techniques involving the whole contamination surveys and radionuclide mobility modeling data. By integrating these key factors, the study provides the selection and simulation of optimal remediation methods, ultimately offering the estimated amounts of radioactive waste and its disposal costs. Therefore, these key factors offer foundational insights for designing the site remediation strategies according the sitespecific information such as the distribution coefficient (Kd) and hydrogeological characteristics.