한반도의 Donacia속에는 2아속에 속하는 6종이 있다(An, 2019). 이 중 Chujo (1941)는 북한 함경북도 웅기에서 채집한 표본을 D. aquatica (Linnaeus, 1758)로 보고하였고, Kimoto and Kawase (1966)는 D. japana로 표기하여 보고하였다. 그리고 Hayashi (2020)는 한국에 기록된 D. japana가 D. aquatica로 오인되었을 수 있다고 밝혔다. 이러한 혼란을 해결하기 위해 본 연구는 한국(포천과 울산)에서 채집한 표본과 D. japana에 대한 기재문, 수컷생식기와 같은 형태적인 부분(Hayashi, 2020), COI 유전자 염기서열을 비교하였다. 그 결과로 한반도에 기록된 D. japana은 D. aquatica로 대체되고, D. japana는 일본 고유종이라고 결론을 내리고자 한다.

Despite enormous popularity of graphene oxide (GO) several open questions remain regarding the structure and properties of this material. One of those questions is the role of a graphite precursor on the properties of GO product. In this study, we investigate the oxidation process and the structure of GO products, made from the four different graphite precursors: synthetic graphite, two natural flaky graphites, and expanded graphite. The highest rate of the oxidation reaction was registered for the small particle size synthetic graphite. Thermal expansion of natural flaky graphite did not significantly affect the rate of the reaction. The nature of the graphite precursor does not notably affect the chemical composition of the synthesized GO products. However, it affects stability of respective aqueous dispersions. The solutions of the three GO samples, prepared from the natural graphite sources demonstrate excellent stability due to complete exfoliation of GO to single-atomic-layer sheets. GO from synthetic graphite forms unstable dispersions due to the presence of numerous multi-layered particles. This, in turn, is explained by the presence of not fully graphitized, amorphous inclusions in synthetic graphite. Our observations suggest that synthetic graphite should not be used as GO precursor when the ability to completely exfoliate and the stability of dispersions are critical for intended applications.

Pharmaceutical products occurring in freshwater bodies create numerous problems for the water bodies owing to their bio-toxic nature. In order to remove such pharmaceutical pollutants, a novel Er-doped Bi4O5Br2/ g-C3N5 nanocomposite was prepared by one-pot synthesis and applied for the photocatalytic removal process. The Er ions doped on the surface of Bi4O5Br2/ g-C3N5 nanocomposite exhibited 97% degradation of tetracycline in 60 min under visible light irradiation, which is higher than pure g-C3N5 and Bi4O5Br2 photocatalysts. The improved photocatalytic properties are attributed to the outstanding visible light harvesting capacity and quick charge carrier separation efficiency which greatly reduced the recombination rate in the heterojunctions. Based on radical trapping experiments, the •O2 −, h+ and •OH radicals played a prominent role in the photodegradation reactions under visible light. Finally, the ternary Er-doped Bi4O5Br2/ g-C3N5 nanocomposite is effectively recyclable with quite a stable photocatalytic removal rate. This work enables a new perspective on the rational design of rare-earth-based nanocomposites for various pharmaceutical pollutants treatment processes.

Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exhibits a specialized herbivorous diet, primarily targeting select Solanaceae plants. Despite its significant economic impact as a pest, causing substantial harm to crops like hot pepper and tobacco, it has received comparatively limited attention in research compared to its generalist counterparts, H. armigera and H. zea.We introduce a chromosome level genome assembly using a Korean H. assulta (Pyeongchang strain, K18). This assembly was achieved through a combined approach utilizing Nanopore long-read sequencing (approximately 78X coverage) and Illumina NovaSeq short-read sequencing (approximately 54X coverage). The total assembled genome spans 424.36 Mb, designated as ASM2961881v1, comprises 62 scaffolds, with 98.7% of the genome contained within 31 scaffolds, confirming the insect's chromosome count (n = 31). The completeness of the assembly is reflected in BUSCO assessment, with values reaching 99.0%, while the repeat content accounts for 33.01%, and 18,593 CDS were annotated. Additionally, 137 genes were identified within 15 orthogroups that have rapidly expanded in H. assulta, while 149 genes in 95 orthogroups have rapidly contracted. This genome draft serves as a valuable resource to explore various aspects of the specialist's biology, enabling research into host-range evolution, chemical communication, insecticide resistance, and comparative investigations with other Heliothine species.

Ticks are obligatory ectoparasites of many vertebrates and transmit pathogens causing diseases such as Heartland virus and Ehrlichiosis. The lone star tick, Ambloyomma americanum L., is the primary vector of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, which causes human monocytic Ehrlichiosis. We aimed to investigate the genomic levels of gene regulation in the processes of acquiring the pathogen and of immune to pathogen. We designed six experimental groups: E. chaffeensis positive and negative groups of males and females, and pathogen free male and female ticks. Illumine HiSeq 2500 sequenced six libraries with 100-cycle single direction. Raw sequence reads (more than 209 million) were trimmed and filtered based on minimum quality score (Q-value >30) and size (> 40nt) for de novo assembly. Assembly using Trinity pipeline produced 140,574 contigs from trimmed and filtered sequence reads (about 117 million reads, 56% of raw data). For quality control of the de novo assembly of transcripts, we filtered out the sequences for mitochondrial, E. chaffeensis, and transposable elements sequences, and tested for contig redundancy and gap separations of the assembled sequences. RSEM and edgeR analyses of 61,802 contigs for identifying differentially expressed genes were followed by Blast2GO analyses for annotations of contigs and enriched-gene ontology (GO) term analyses in pairwise comparisons of the libraries. Further investigation of major groups of genes induced by pathogen would provide better understanding of pathogen-vector interaction, which will allow us to prevent of pathogen transmission by interrupting interaction between pathogen and ticks.

Presentation is the way of revealing regionality that is hidden into the inner world. The expression of regionality has to be based on the origin and at the same time created newness as always suitable for the present through combination of 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity'. Regionality that has been maintained even under the application modern trends, spirits, technologies and materials should be now disclosed. Creating new forms that reflect regionality is possible only when a keen sense(emotion) always focusing on the essence of the earth works together with foresight(imaginative power) clarifying global pattern changes, under high tensions between both of them. Kim Su-Keun succeeded in reinterpreting traditional spaces, but failed in communicating patterns of life, ultimately revealing stiffness with no tension and no creativity. Kim Jung-Up could not draw out a whole meaning of relations among traditional fragments or relations between them and the present. He only borrowed such fragments from the view of formative art. For 'disclosed abstract', 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity' are repeated circularly and cope with pattern changes, continuously creating new forms and showing unity as a complete calmness(rest). In "YangDuk Catholic Church" by Kim Su-Keun provides a simultaneous reactivation of various images through continuous cross-weaving rather than being inclined to either the earth or the world. Based on the technique of 'disclosed abstract', "YangDuk Catholic Church" created a new form and space never seen before.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore W. B. Yeats’ poetic representation from the perspective of an approach which has arrested critical attention in recent development of contemporary critical theories. In most of its previous readings, Yeats has been generally considered as a romantist, occultist, and even modernist. However, this paper regards Yeats as a decolonialist living in a colonial society, and attempts to locate Yeats’s position in the context of decolonialists view including Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, and Gayatri Spivak. Decolonialism as a literary theory is becoming an influential textual strategy rather than remaining as one of the academic master discourses. So far, the established textual reading theories have been closely related to logocentrism, and they failed to be acknowledged as an objective way of reading. For this reason, the decolonialism has an important implication in the sense that it subverts the colonial ideology within the context of colonized society, and at the same time, reconstructs counter-discourse to find out self-identity and decolonized space. Yeats lived in Ireland from birth to death. During his lifetime, Ireland was under the colonial rule by England. At that time, under the influence of the Irish armed struggle in 1916, Yeats had eye-witnessed historical moments of the death of his mother land, Ireland as well as of the Irish people, as the history of Ireland manifests. In doing so, the Irish people broke the cycle of imperial situation. The consciousness of them became consciousness of the nation. The nationalists claimed the independence of their Ireland. By way of this historical experience of authentic decolonialization, Yeats’s aesthetics became, more and more, politicized against the crisis which the repressive force of imperialism caused. In this traumatic disasters of Ireland, Yeats’s poetic quest makes him struggle against the colonial power in a poetic way. In this regard, this thesis analyses Yeats’s text from the perspective of decolnialism. To begin with, focusing on the decolonization expressed by Yeats’s text, I tries to examine the process of his poetical writings and his attitude against colonialism. To this do, my major interest is in his myth and language employed in his poetry. And I attempt to search for the true Irishness in which Yeats makes every effort to materialize the reality of Ireland in his poetry. To sum up, the decolonial discourse and its textual strategy have important implications that lay bare the dominant ideology hidden in the seemingly impersonal intention of imperiali’sm.

In existing method, research for landscape resource is driven by professional (or with the participation of local people at Tokenism level), and usually hinder local residents from reflecting their appreciations on the landscape resources in their own ways and eventually ends up with indistinguishable landscape planning. To avoid this, a profound understanding of what landscape they experience in their daily life and how they perceive it should be empirically analysed carefully. The purpose of this study is to apply walking behavior as a method to examine local residents’ subjective perceptions and consider its usability. The researcher walked the site(Sucheongri) with the residents, carrying a GPS device, taking photographs of the landscape objects they described, and recording the relevant explanations. After gathering photographs and explanations which represent the research participants’ individual subjective perception, the researcher analysed the explanation using open coding, based on grounded theory. By the analysis, 117 landscape objectives are identified and 18 reason factors for landscape perception were deduced from the explanation. Those factors could be classified as ‘positive feeling inducing’ and ‘negative feeling inducing’, and also as ‘personal emotion based’ and ‘community based emotion’. By comparison between feeling map by conventional method and feeing map by new method, usability of new method was empirically reveled. Walking behavior makes it easier for researcher to get more abundant data in quantitative aspect and profound understanding with affection of respondent by allowing them to ‘go beyond’ the perceptions they remember. Finally new method with walking gives professionals a contextual understanding of a place and more resident-oriented plans and management on sites.

현재까지 피부 미백에 대한 평가는 피부 반사광 전체에 대한 분석이 주를 이루어 왔다. 그 예로 SHV (Saturation, Hue, Value), L* a* b* (CIELAB color space system) 등 색차계를 사용하여 검출된 빛을 몇 가지 기준으로 나누어 분석하는 방법이 이용되어왔으며, 밝기나 채도 변화를 기준으로 피부 미백을 평가해왔다. 하지만 이러한 기존의 미백 평가법들은 빛의 전체 피부 반사량을 통한 측정이라는 한계를 가지고 있어 투명감, 화사함, 윤기 등 소비자들이 원하는 새로운 미백 효능의 평가에는 사용하기 힘든 단점이 있었다. 이번 연구에서는 이전까지 정량적으로 표현하기 힘들었던 투명감에 대한 새로운 측정법을 활용하여 8주 동안 자사의 2가지 미백 제형 효능 평가에 사용하였으며, 이를 위해 루미스캔(LumiscanTM)이라고 명명된 편광을 활용한 각도별 반사광 측정 장치를 제작하여 실험에 활용하였다. 또한, 투명감 측정 이외에도 15가지 측정치에 대한 실험을 병행하여 투명감에 주요한 영향을 미치는 요소를 분석하고자 하였으며 결과적으로 자사의 2가지 미백 제형은 각각 4, 8주에 5 ~ 9 %의 투명도 개선을 보여주었다. 그리고 피부결(-28 %), 멜라닌(-17 %), 홍반(-7 %), 수분량(15 %), 피부 밝기(6 %) 등이 피부 투명감에 주요한 영향을 주는 요소라는 사실을 보여주었다.

The purpose of this study is to discuss issues on how locality can be revealed through landscape planning and design especially in the local environment. Over the past decade, there has been substantial increase in architects and landscape architects working internationally. There are many that believe this may lead to a unifying global brand of design that overlooks the identity and specificity of place. This lead us to think opportunities and challenges for designers working internationally to understand and create a unique sense of place. Relations between contemporary design trend and local identity will be studied through case studies. Design strategies and languages on revealing locality will be also discussed with the Suncheon Education Culture Center project

만능성 인간 배아줄기세포로부터 확립된 신경줄기세포 또는 신경전구세포는 퇴행성 신경질환 세포치료제로 이용될 수 있는 다양한 종류의 신경세포로 분화 유도될 수 있다. 하지만, 인간 배아줄기세포로부터 신경세포를 생산하기 위한 기술은 아직 많은 장애를 가지고 있다. 인간 배아줄기세포 유래 신경전구세포에서 특징적으로 나타나는 신경관 유사로제트에 대한 이해는 인간 배아줄기세포 신경 분화의 효율을 높이는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다. 일반적으로 신경로제트