The collision problem is one of the design factors that must be carefully considered for the risk of collision occurring during the operation of ships and offshore structures. This paper presents the main results of the ship collision study, and its main goal is to analyze potential crash scenarios that may occur in the FLNG (Floating Liquefied Natural Gas) considering the likelihood and outcome. Consideration being given to vessels visiting the FLNG and surrounding vessels navigating around, such as functionally supported vessels and offloading carriers. The scope includes vessels visiting the FLNG facility such as in-field support vessels and off-loading carriers, as well as third party passing vessels. In this study, based on QRA (quantitative risk assessment), basic research methods and information on collision are provided. Based on the assumptions and methodologies documented in this study, it has been possible to clarify the frequency of collision and the damage category according to the type of visiting ship. Based on these results, the risk assessment results related to the collision have been derived.

강풍 현장에서는 소방공무원들의 안전에 심각한 위협을 받을 수 있으며 현장 활동에도 큰 영향을 끼치게 된다. 현재 국내에 는 강풍 시 현장 대응 매뉴얼 기준이 마련되어 있지 않아 소방공무원의 강풍에 대한 이해를 돕기 위한 충분한 교육이 이루어지지 않으며, 강풍 시 현장 활동에 대한 합리적인 판단이 불가능한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 강풍 현장에서 소방공무원의 희생을 줄이기 위하여 실제 소방대원을 대상으로 풍동실험을 수행하였으며, 수행된 풍동실험 유형으로는 소방관의 복장, 지면의 미끄러운 정도, 물건 운반 등이 있다. 또한 강풍 조건에서 활동 유형별 현장 대원의 행동과 풍속에 따른 행동 제약 요인을 분석하고, 활동 유형별 제한 풍속을 도출하여 이에 따른 정량적인 평가를 수행하였다.

The mortality rate in industrial accidents in South Korea was 11 per 100,000 workers in 2015. It’s five times higher than the OECD average. Economic losses due to industrial accidents continue to grow, reaching 19 trillion won much more than natural disaster losses equivalent to 1.1 trillion won. It requires fundamental changes according to industrial safety management. In this study, We classified the risk of accidents in industrial complex of Ulju-gun using spatial analytics and data mining. We collected 119 data on accident data, factory characteristics data, company information such as sales amount, capital stock, building information, weather information, official land price, etc. Through the pre-processing and data convergence process, the analysis dataset was constructed. Then we conducted geographically weighted regression with spatial factors affecting fire incidents and calculated the risk of fire accidents with analytical model for combining Boosting and CART (Classification and Regression Tree). We drew the main factors that affect the fire accident. The drawn main factors are deterioration of buildings, capital stock, employee number, officially assessed land price and height of building. Finally the predicted accident rates were divided into four class (risk category-alert, hazard, caution, and attention) with Jenks Natural Breaks Classification. It is divided by seeking to minimize each class’s average deviation from the class mean, while maximizing each class’s deviation from the means of the other groups. As the analysis results were also visualized on maps, the danger zone can be intuitively checked. It is judged to be available in different policy decisions for different types, such as those used by different types of risk ratings.

The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning made law for Pre-Hazard Risk Analysis in December 31, 2014 to protect researchers from continuing accidents in laboratory. Conducted before an experiment, Pre-Hazard Risk Analysis finds hazards of the experiment and rules to manage the hazards.So the Pre-Hazard Risk Analysis can support laboratory safety system by prevent accidents in laboratory. Pre-Hazards Risk Analysis is newly created system so that executors need Guidelines to perform this analysis properly. This study is to develop guide tool for Pre-Hazard Risk Analysis by analyzing other risk assessment systems; PSM, Off-site Consequence Assessment, laboratory safety system. Also, this study suggested how to establish database for Pre-Hazard Risk Assessment by analyse KRAS.

The purposes of this study are to analyze risks of construction step BIM(Building Information Modeling) applied project and improve it. Recently, construction industry has emphasized an importance of BIM for efficient utilization of various information. In the whole life cycle of huge construction project, there are cases introducing BIM and projects applying BIM are gradually increased to the work of construction step. However, the process of communication is not established, so the contents of BIM process of construction step are just showing rough fields and concepts of working utilization, so it's restrictive to utilize BIM actively on constructions step. Through results of case study in this research, constructor risks of BIM business should be efficiently treated with Fuzzy-FMEA that is more precise than existing danger evaluation.

유류와 위험 유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 이하 HNS)을 포함하는 위험물질의 해상운송 중에 발생하는 사고가 증가하고 있어, 이러한 위험물질 해양사고를 방지할 수 있는 예방대책을 마련해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 국내에서 발생하는 위험물질 해양사고 자료(2002~2014)를 수집하여 인명 및 환경 위험도를 분석하였으며, 사고원인 규명 및 적절한 예방대책이 필요한 우선 안전관 리분야를 파악하고자 하였다. 인명위험도는 선박 수리 및 탱커세정(tank cleaning) 작업과정에서 발생하는 폭발 및 인명사고 중 질식 등 이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 환경위험도는 충돌, 좌초 등에 의한 유출사고로 인해 발생하였다. 또한 비포장 상태의 위험화물을 선박에 적재 중 취급부주의로 인하여 유출사고가 일어났다. 다수의 사고는 적합한 안전장비 미착용, 취급 부주의 등 인적오류로 인한 사고로 서 관리·감독을 강화하고, 주기적인 교육·훈련을 통하여 사고 저감이 가능하다. 위험물질 해양사고를 예방하기 위해서는 물질 자체 고 유의 특성상 유해성과 위험성을 지닌 위험물질(유류와 HNS)에 대한 안전관리를 더욱 강화해야 한다.

Process Hazard Analysis(PHA) have been performed for a risk management of process (petrochemical) industry for nearly 50 years. There are many PHA methods for application in the process industry, Hazop Study method has been recognized as a good method used typically in most of phase of process plant. And also there was inconvenient opinion that Hazop Study is too resource (man power, time etc.) consuming comparing its result performance (a quality of recommendations) for a good operating and existing plant. In this study, two types of PHA method - checklist and K-PSR - were performed respectively for a new para-xylene(PX)plant and 30 year old PX plant. Past history and experience of incident, operation, maintenance and so on are very important in PHA by those two methods. The higher effectiveness were realized in PHA by a checklist and K-PSR Method than prior Hazop study. And also some suggestions including PHA cycle determination, RBPS application, Follow-up plan of PHA result etc. were proposed about PHA improvement measures for a best risk management.

The Coastal VTS will be continuously constructed to prevent marine traffic accidents in the coastal waters of the Republic of Korea. In order to provide the best traffic information service to the ship operator, it is important to understand the navigation risk factor. In this study, we analyzed the navigational hazards of Gunsan coastal area where the coastal VTS will be constructed until 2020. For this purpose, major traffic flows of merchant ships and density of vessels engaged in fishing were analyzed. This study was conducted by Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Vessel Pass (V-PASS) data. The grid intervals are 10 minute × 10 minute (latitude × longitude) based on the section of the sea. A total of 30 sections were analyzed by constructing a grid. As a result of the analysis, the major traffic flows of the merchant vessels in the coastal area of Gunsan were surveyed from north to south toward Incheon, Pyeongtaek, Daesan, Yeosu, Pusan and Ulsan, and from east to west in the port of Gunsan Port, 173-3, 173-6, 173-8, 183-2, 183-5, 183-8, 183-3, 184-1 and 184-2. As a result of the study, the fishing boats in Gunsan coastal area mainly operated in spring and autumn. On the other hand, the main traffic flow of merchant ships and the distribution of fishing vessels continue to overlap from March to June, so special attention should be paid to the control during this period.

In this study, we used a choropleth map to explore the spatial variation of the risk of cattle herds being bovine tuberculosis (BTB) positive in Gangwon-do in 2015. The map shows that the risk of being BTB-positive was lower in provinces located in the middle of Gangwon-do (Wonju, Youngwol, Peongchang, and Kangneung) than in other provinces. In addition, one province located in the north (Goseong) had a low risk of BTB. The estimate for the intercept of the spatial lag model was 0.66, and the spatial autocorrelation coefficient (lambda) was 0.20 (Table 1). The Moran’s I was 0.33 with p-value of 0.02. In 2015, provinces located in the North West (Hwacheon) and East (Donghae) of Gangwon-do had a higher BTB risk. We identified some specific provinces at low BTB-positive risk, information that may prove useful for control of BTB in the study area.

Korea`s industrial death rate is 13 percent in 2015. It’s five times higher than the OECD average. Economic losses due to industrial accidents continue to grow, reaching 19 trillion won in natural disaster losses equivalent to 1.1 trillion won, requiring fundamental changes in industrial safety levels. In this study, We classified the risk of accidents in industrial complex of Ulju-gun using spacial analysis and decision tree methodologies. We draw the main factors that affect the accident and developed the four risk category(alert, hazard, caution, and attention). It is judged to be available in different policy decisions for different types, such as those used by different types of risk ratings, targeted education, and technical support.

목 적: 본 연구는 제5기 국민건강영양조사(2012) 자료를 이용하여 한국 성인의 건성안 유병률과 위험요 인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 19세 이상 성인 중 안과의사에게 건성안 검진을 받은 5,698명(남자 2,368명, 여자 3,330명)을 대 상으로 인구사회학적 특성, 전신질환 특성, 건강관련행위 특성에 따른 건성안의 유병률과 위험요인을 분석 하였다. 결 과: 전체 연구대상자의 건성안 유병률은 13.5%이었다. 인구사회학적 특성별 건성안 유병률은 남성보 다 여성이, 50세 미만군보다 50세 이상군이, 농촌지역보다 도시지역에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며, 전 신질환별 건성안 유병률은 고혈압, 이상지혈증, 골관절염, 류마티스 관절염, 우울증, 신부전증이 있는 경우 에 유의하게 높았다. 건강관련행위별 건성안 유병률은 비흡연자, 비음주자, 수면시간이 짧은 군이 높았다. 건성안 빈도는 여성에서(OR 2.29, CI 1.89-2.77)와 50세 이상군에서(OR 1.21, CI 1.01-1.46), 농촌지역에 서(OR 1.96, CI 1.56-2.47)에서 더 높았다. 유의한 모든 변수를 보정한 후에 건성안의 위험인자는 신부전 (OR 2.82, CI 1.48-5.69), 갑상선(OR 1.62, CI 1.16-2.26), 류마티스 관절염(OR 1.54, CI 1.01-2.33), 이상 지혈증(OR 1.42, CI 1.13-1.78), 우울증(OR 1.36, CI 1.11-1.66), 골관절염(OR 1.27, CI 1.02-1.57)이었다. 결 론: 우리나라 19세 이상 성인의 건성안 유병률은 13.5%으로 높은 수준이며, 50세 이상, 도시지역 거 주자, 여성과 신부전증, 갑상선, 류마티스 관절염, 이상지혈증, 우울증, 골관절염 환자에서 건성안의 위험이 높으므로 해당 위험요인을 가진 사람들을 대상으로 한 교육과 홍보를 통해 건성안증상을 조기 발견하여 적 절하게 대처하도록 할 필요가 있다

목 적: 2011, 2012년도 국민건강영양조사 내용을 기반으로 우리나라 나이관련황반변성(Age-related macular degeneration, AMD)의 위험요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 국민건강영양조사 제5기 과정 중 2011년, 2012년도 조사대상자의 건강 검진과 안과 검진을 받은 45세 이상의 성인을 대상으로 AMD와 상관성이 있는 위험요인인 성별과 연령 통제 전과 후로 구분하여 로지 스틱 회귀분석으로 통계처리를 하였으며 유의수준은 0.05 이하로 하였다. 결 과: 인구·보건학적인 요인에서는 성별과 연령을 통제하기 전에는 여성, 연령이 많을수록, 교육정도 가 낮을수록, 읍/면 거주자에서 발병률이 높게 나타났으나, 성별과 연령을 통제한 경우에는 거주지는 상관 성이 없고 여성과 연령이 많을수록, 교육정도가 낮을수록 발병률이 높게 나타났다. 신체·질병학적인 요인 에서는 성별과 연령 통제하기 전에는 고혈압, 중성지방 및 가족력이 위험요인이었으나 성별과 연령 통제 후 에는 모든 요인들이 AMD와 상관성이 없었다. 성별과 연령을 통제하기 전에는 난시, 근시, 원시, 백내장 및 안질환 가족력이 AMD와 상관성이 있었으나, 성별과 연령을 통제 후에는 원시안과 백내장이 AMD 위험요인 으로 나타났고 근시안은 AMD 위험요인이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 건강·행태학적인 요인에서는 성별과 연령 을 통제하기 전에는 햇볕 노출 5시간 이상만 상관성이 있었으나, 성별과 연령을 통제한 후에는 흡연, 햇볕 노출 5시간 이상이 AMD 발병을 높이는 위험요인으로 분석되었다. 결 론: AMD 발병은 나이와 성별에 연관이 있고, 성별과 연령을 통제한 경우에는 원시, 백내장, 흡연 및 햇볕 노출 시간이 상관성이 있음을 확인하였다.

Cytokines may play an important role in the acute rejection (AR) of solid organ transplantation. Many studies have investigated the association between interleukin-10 gene (IL-10) polymorphisms and risk of AR. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) and AR risk after solid organ transplantation in Caucasian population. A comprehensive electronic search of PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Korean databases was performed. Meta-analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software (Biostat, NJ,USA). We assessed the pooled p-value, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the association between the risk of AR and IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A). The OR and 95% CI were used to evaluate the strength of the association. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Fourteen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. In overall analysis, we observed that IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) was associated with the AR in liver transplantation (G allele vs. A allele, OR = 1.436, 95% CI = 1.006-2.050, p = 0.046 in fixed model). However, IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) did not show any significant association with solid organ transplantation and renal transplantation (p>0.05 in each model, respectively). Our meta-analysis suggests that IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) may be related to susceptibility of AR in liver transplantation recipients.

비소는 화학적 형태에 따라 독성이 상이하며 무기비소의 독성이 강하며 피부병변이나 피부암을 유발시키는 발암물질로 알려져 있다. 무기비소의 인체섭취한계량으로, JECFA에서는 기존의 무기비소의 주간잠정섭취허용량 15 μg/kg b.w./week을 철회하였으며, EFSA에서는 폐, 피부암, 피부병변 등에 대한 BMDL0.1 0.3~8 μg/kg b.w./day를 제시하였다. 식품 중 쌀, 해조류 및 음료류은 무기비소 함량이 높은 식품으로 알려져 있다. 식품 중 쌀, 해조류 및 음료류은 무기비소 함량이 높은 식품으로 알려져 있다. 쌀을 재배하는 논 토양은 혐기성으로 주요 무기비소 화학종이 As(III)이기 때문에 쌀에서도 주요 무기비소 화학종이 As(III)인 반면, 수계에서는 주로 As(V)로 존재하기에 해조류에 서의 주요 무기비소 화학종은 As(V)이다. 식품 중 무기비소 분석은 증류수, 메탄올, 질산용액 등을 이용해 가온 또 는 상온조건에서 추출한 후 이온교환크로마토그래피과 액체크로마토그래피를 활용하여 비소화학종을 분리하고 원 자흡광광도계, 유도결합플라즈마 질량분석기를 통하여 정량 및 정성분석이 이루어지고 있으나, 국제적으로 통용되 는 보편화된 방법은 아직 제시되지 않고 있다. 유럽, 미국인 등의 무기비소 노출수준은 0.13~0.7 μg/kg bw/day인 반면, 우리나라를 포함한 아시아인의 무기비소 노출수준은 0.22~5 μg/kg bw/day인 것으로 추정되고 있다. 각 국가에서는 식품 중 무기비소 기준을 설정하고 있으며 국내에서도 관련 기준 설정을 준비 중에 있다. 현재까지 식품 중 무기비소 저감화를 위해 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 쌀의 경우 도정도를 높이거나 세척을 많이 할수록, 해조류는 끓이는 과정을 통해 무기비소 함량을 크게 줄일 수 있다. 식품 중 무기비소 안전관리 강화를 위해서는 관련 시험법의 국제적 조화, 실태조사를 통한 무기비소 노출에 관한 지속적인 연구가 요구된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between HbA1c level and health risk factor. For analysis, 330 elderly women aged 65 years and over were recruited in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were classified into two groups according to their HbA1c level; the diabetic group (HbA1c level≥6.5%, n=68, 20.6%) and control group (HbA1c level< 6.5%, n=262, 79.4%). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, a health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups and nutrient intake. Educational level of the diabetic group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The height of the diabetic group was shorter, and percentage fat of the diabetic group was higher than those of the control group. In the diabetic group, the higher concentrations of creatinine and activity of alkaline phosphatase were found to be significantly unfavorable factors. Therefore, the diabetic group was assumed to be at risk of decreased liver and renal function. The self-rated health level of the diabetic group has a declining tendency, while the medicine intake was significantly higher than that of the control group, but there are no significant differences in visiting frequency of hospital and community health center. The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups. Although there are no significant differences in nutrient intake, the diabetic group had relatively inferior nutrient intake of diet, especially vitamin C, as contrasted with the control group. In conclusion, the weight control and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of the diabetes and continuous education and intervention by specialized nutritionists will be needed for diabetic patients. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of the diabetes of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.