Schizandra chinensis(Turcz.) Bail is one of the local special crops grown in Mungyeong, more than 70% of Gyeongbuk province in South Korea, and various pests are emerging due to recent climate change and intensive cultivation. Scirtothrips dorsalis(Hood) are the most damaging pests among the insects that occur in the Schizandra chinensis(Turcz.), mainly affecting fruit quality, yield and quality. The survey was conducted from February 2017 to September 2018 in three locations in Mungyeong area. Blue and yellow traps were used to investigate the occurrence patterns and the degree of damage. As a result of the survey, Scirtothrips dorsalis(Hood) occurred first in flowering period in May, and then occurred in fruits. The occurrence density was highest in July. It was confirmed that the attractiveness of each trap color was blue in the early stage of growth and yellow in the late stage but there was no significant difference in the whole.

본 연구의 목적은 오미자로부터 순수분리한 리그난이 무의 종자발아 및 유묘생장에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로서 생장조절제와 천연물의 생물검증 방법을 개발하기 위해서 수행하였다. 오미자로부터 순수분리한 schisandrin, schisandrin C, gomisin A 및 gomisin N 등 4종의 리그난이 무 종자의 발아 및 유묘생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 무 종자를 10-5, 10-6 및 10-7 M의 schisandrin, schisandrin C, gomisin A 및 gomisin N 용액에 1시간 침지 후 발아율을 비교한 결과, 4종의 리그난류 처리는 대조구에 비해 발아속도가 빨랐다. 리그난류의 처리 48시간 후 대조구를 기준으로 하여 발아율의 촉진 또는 억제 효과를 비교한 결과, schisandrin과 gomisin A는 10-6 M의 농도에서, schisandrin C와 gomisin N은 농도가 높을수록 발아율이 억제되는 경향이었다. 리그난이 유묘생육에 미치는 영향을 대조구를 기준으로 하여 생육 촉진 또는 억제 효과를 조사한 결과, 하배축은 gomisin A와 gomisin N의 처리시 10-5 M의 고농도에서, gomisin N의 경우에는 10-6 M에서 생육이 촉진되었으며, 뿌리의 길이는 schisandrin 10-4 M의 고농도에서 가장 길었다. 유식물체당 총 생체중 및 건물중은 10-7 M의 저농도 처리시에 촉진되었으며, schisandrin C는 10-5 M의 고농도 처리시에 생체중과 건물중이 감소하였다. 따라서 오미자로부터 순수분리한 리그난은 종자발아 또는 유묘의 생장을 조절할 수 있는 생장조절제로서 이용가능이 있을 것으로 기대된다.

오미자 열매 추출물의 첨가량을 0-50%로 달리하여 식혜를 제조한 후 물리화학적 및 관능적 품질특성을 측정하고 각 특성사이의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 추출물의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 식혜의 pH는 유의적으로 감소한 반면 가용성 고형분 함량 및 적색도(a*값)는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 한편, 밝기를 나타내는 L*값과 황색도를 나타내는 b*값은 추출물의 첨가량과 직접적인 관계를 나타나지 않았다. 관능적 품질특성 중 색, 신맛, 단맛은 추출물의 첨가량과 유의적인 관계를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 상관분석 결과 추출물의 첨가량은 L*값과 a*값을 제외한 모든 물리적 및 관능품질 특성과 유의적인 관계를 나타내었다. 소비자 기호도검사에 의하면 10% 오미자 열매 추출물을 첨가한 식혜의 전체적인 기호도가 다른 시료군에 비해 유의적으로 높음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05).

Background : Korea ginseng root has been traditionally used as a tonic as it is stated to have the capacity to normalize body functions and strengthen systems that are caused by various stresses. But, white ginseng (WG) has lower antioxidant activity than other medicinal crops. Omija (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) has various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which have the effective components of Omija are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), and this components were contented mostly in seed part on Omija. Physiological characteristics of WG extracts were investigated by adding Omija to enhance functionality. Methods and Results : WG extract were prepared by adding 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of Omija to the weight of WG. Physiological characteristics of WG extracts were investigated DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and nitrite scavenging activity. As the amount of Omija added increased, DPPH radical scavenging activity of WG extract increased proportionally. IC50 of 10 times water extracts were 0.455, 0.028 and 0.041 ml/ml on WG (100WG), WG added 50% Omija (50OM50WG), and Omija (100OM0WG), respectively. On the other hand, FRAP of extracts decreased slightly with increasing amount of Omija. Nitrite scavenging activity of Omija extract were significantly more active than WG extract, exhibited to 88.89% and 72.65% on WG extract added with 40% Omija (40OM60WG) and non added (100WG), respectively, pH 1.2. and then, to 33.45% and 1.38% with 40OM60WG and 100WG extract, respectively. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that WG extracts by adding Omija increased the DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity and the preference degree on taste.

Background : Management of air temperature are known to primarily affecting on physiological properties and yield in plant. Methods and Results : The effect of air temperature on characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Schisandra chinensis Baillon were investigated under controlled temperature using growth chamber. Net photosyntheis rate, transpiration was measured at 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 of photon flux density and chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed by OJIP method. Net photosyntheis rate and transpiration rate was higher in treatment of 25℃. As results of chlorophyll fluorescence by OJIP analysis, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) and PIabs was higher in treatment of 25℃ which reflects the relative reduction state of PSII. But in treatment of 35℃ the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC, DIo/RC were higher than in treatment of 25℃ which implied that the relative reduction of electron transport at PSI and increasement of photo inhibition at reaction center. Conclusion : This result implies that 25℃ of air temperature may be a adequate temperature to improving the efficiency of photosynthesis through controlling a photosystem in Schisandra chinensis Baillon.

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders and has been associated with the neuroendocrine system and alterations in behavior. Schisandra chinensis Baillon is one of major medicinal plants used as a Korea medicine and food sources, and has been processed in the fields of various food products and medicinal herbs. The chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol is widely used to evoke depressive-like behaviors in laboratory mice or rat. The CMS procedure induced some behavioral changes that are compatible with the common expectations, i.e. 'anhedonic' behavior and can affect corticosterone level. The present study, Schisandra chinensis extract administration by daily gavage from the 3 weeks exhibited an antidepressant-like effect on CMS-induced depression in mice. Schisandra chinensis extract administration at dose of 200mg/kg significantly increased the sucrose consumption, and decreased the immobility durations in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Furthermore the corticosterone level decreased than control group. In conclusion, Schisandra chinensis extract showed antidepressant-like effects on sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test based on CMS model.

공기주입형 생물반응기를 이용하여 오미자 현탁배양세포로부터 Gomisin J의 생산 가능성을 확인 하였다. 시료의 초기접종 농도와 탄소원의 농도에 따른 세포증식과 Gomisin J의 생산성은 6% sucrose가 첨가된 MB5배지 에 100 g (FCW)의 현탁배양세포를 접종하였을 경우 세포중량 (dry biomass)과 Gomisin J의 함량은 각각 43.5 g DCW/과 0.71 × 10-3 μg/g DCW을 얻을 수 있었다. 배양기내 산소의 공급량은 0.5로 공급해 주는게 바람직 할 것으로 사료되었다.

Transformed roots of Schisandra chinensis were obtained following co-cultivation of in vitro cultivated plantlet segments with Agrobaterium rhizogens ATCC15834. This root was examined for its growth and gomisin J contents under various culture conditions. Among the six basal culture media tested, WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) medium supplemented with 5% sucrose was the best roots growth 6.2 (g D.W/flask) and gomisin J accumulation 1.56 (X10-3 ug/g D.W). Initial inoculum size correlated with the yield of biomass while gomisin J contents was not affect. Gomisin J production was influenced by the initial sucrose concentration and the highest production yield was achieved at the concentration of 7%. The optimal shaking speeds for roots growth and gomisin J production was 120 and 140 rpm, respectively.

Cell growth and gomisin J production by suspension cultures of Schisandra chinensis Baillon were investigated under various culture media, initial sucrose concentrations, shaking speeds, and inoculum sizes. Callus was induced from in vitro cultivated leaf segments on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA. The maximum dry cell weight of 2.23 g was obtained at inoculum size of 0.5 g fresh cell weight and in MB5 medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA, 3% sucrose after 8 weeks. The production of gomisin J in suspension cell cultures was maximized in WPM medium containing 5% sucrose. The shaking speed for maintaining maximal cell dry weight was 100 rpm while the best shaking speed for gomisin J accumulation was 140 rpm.