본 연구는 수도권 MRI실 신규 방사선사의 현실충격 수준과 영향 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 간호사 대상 도구를 수정·보완한 설문 조사 결과, 6개 하위영역 평균점수는 모두 4점 척도의 중간 이하였으며 ‘동료 관계 위축’과 ‘업무 의 압도’가 상대적으로 높고 ‘사회적 지지 상실’이 가장 낮았다. 성별에 따른 차이는 없었으나 고용형태·학제·임상 경력·병원 종별·근무자 수·검사실당 인원·동료 연령 비율 등 조직과 환경, 경력 관련 변수에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 신규 방사선사의 현실충격이 개인 특성보다 조직·환경 요인에 더 큰 영향을 받음을 보여주 며, 향후 방사선사 업무와 조직문화를 반영한 전용 측정 도구 개발과 사회과학 연구 활성화를 통해 직군 특성에 맞는 정책·교육 전략 수립의 기초자료를 제공할 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study aimed to elucidate the functional correlation between G-protein activation and Ca²⁺ signaling during hypotonic shock-induced cell swelling in human osteoblast-like cells. Calcium influx was investigated using fura-2 fluorescence imaging, specific channel blockers, and G-protein modulators such as cholera toxin (CTX) and pertussis toxin (PTX). The external solution contained hypotonic Na⁺, and 300 M Cd²⁺ was applied to assess the involvement of extracellular Ca²⁺ channels. Calcium influx was significantly inhibited by Cd²⁺, indicating an extracellular source of Ca²⁺ through specific channels. CTX prolonged the hypotonic Na⁺-induced elevation of intracellular Ca²⁺, while PTX completely abolished it. These results suggest the involvement of G-protein-mediated pathways in Ca²⁺ regulation. Furthermore, the CTX-induced potentiation implies regulation via the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling axis, indicating that stretch sensitivity may be modulated by hormone-activated adenylate cyclase. This study is the first to demonstrate a functional link between hypotonic stress-induced Ca²⁺ influx and G-protein activation in human osteoblast-like cells, potentially involving a novel Ca²⁺ channel regulated by the cAMP/PKA pathway.

본 연구는 간호대학생의 임상실습 스트레스가 전환충격에 미치는 영향 에서 스트레스 대처와 사회적 지지의 병렬 매개효과를 검증함으로써, 두 자원의 상대적 중요성을 규명하고 간호교육 현장에서의 중재 전략 수립 에 근거를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 C도에 소재한 일개 대학의 3~4학년 간호대학생을 대상으로 2024년 11월 15일부터 11월 25일까지 구조화된 설문지를 활용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 28.0을 활용하여 기술통계, Pearson 상관분석, PROCESS macro의 Model 4를 분석하였다. 연구결과 임상실습 스트레스는 사회적 지지와 부적의 상관관계(r =-.237, p=.004), 전환충격과 정적 상관관계(r =-.685, p<.001)가 나타났고, 스트레스 대처는 사회적 지지와 정적 상관관계 (r =.219, p<.001), 사회적 지지와 전환충격은 부적 상관관계(r =.-296, p<.001)가 나타났다. 또한 임상실습 스트레스와 전환충격과의 관계에서 스트레스 대처는 매개효과가 유의하지 않았으나, 사회적 지지의 유의한 부분 매개효과(B=.033, 95% CI [.001, .094])가 확인되었다. 이는 전환충 격의 완화에 있어 개인이 보유한 대처 전략보다 외부로부터 제공되는 사 회적 지지가 더 효과적임을 시사한다. 따라서 임상실습 교육 전반에서 다양한 형태의 사회적 지지 체계를 구축하는 전략이 필요하다.

본 연구는 간호대학생의 전문적 자아개념을 향상시키기 위한 전략으로서, 임상실습 전환충격과 전문적 자아개념 간의 관계에서 회복탄력성이 매개효과를 가지는지를 확인하고자 수행되었다. 연구 대상은 G시에 위치한 4년제 대학의 간호학과에 재학 중인 3, 4학년 학생들이었으며, 자료는 2025년 4월 7일부터 5월 16일까지 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, 피어슨 상관분석, 그리고 Baron과 Kenny의 회귀분석 절차를 활용하여 분석하였다. 회복탄력성의 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 Baron과 Kenny의 3단계 회귀분석 을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1단계에서 임상실습 전환충격은 회복탄력성에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(β=-.310, p<.001). 2단계에서 임상실습 전환충격은 전문적 자아개념에 부적 영향을 미쳤으며(β =-.387, p<.001), 3단계에서 회복탄력성은 임상실습 전환충격과 전문적 자아개념 간의 관계에서 부분 매 개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다(임상실습 전환충격: β=-.317, p<.001; 회복탄력성: β=.224, p<.001). 이러한 결과는 간호대학생의 전문적 자아개념을 향상시키기 위해서는 임상실습 전환충격을 완화하고 회복 탄력성을 증진시키는 전략이 필요함을 시사한다.

In this study, the design of shock tower mounting, a type of shock absorber mounting for four-wheel drive vehicles, was addressed through structural analysis. In the case of existing shock tower mounting components, cracks occurred in the shock tower frame side weld joints, so the maximum stress should be reduced to extend the life of the designed components. Based on this, various design changes were performed on the shock tower mounting components, and the maximum stress generated through structural analysis of each design change model was compared. For the structural analysis, a load of 40,000 N was applied in the axial direction of the shock absorber, and the results were relatively analyzed and compared. As a result of the analysis of the shock tower mounting components through the design change, Case 3, a model that alleviated the stress concentration applied to the body mounting, increased the strength compared to the existing model, and the stress in the shock tower frame side weld joints was reduced by 16.3%.

본 연구는 중국상업은행을 대상으로 COVID-19로 인한 위기를 극복하는 과정에 긍정적인 영향 을 미친 변수가 무엇인지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 분석표본을 대상으로 맘퀴스트지수 (Malmquist index) 생산성 분석을 실시하여 COVID-19 전후 생산성이 모두 양호했던과 모두 불량했던 그룹 으로 구분한 후, 각 그룹별로 패널 (panel) 분석을 수행하여 수익성 결정요인을 비교하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. COVID-19 전후 지속적으로 높은 생산성을 유지한 중국상업은행 은 자산건전성이 높을수록, 수지비율이 낮을수록, 규모가 작을수록 그리고 이자수익이 높을수록 수 익성에 긍정적인 영향을 발휘하여 COVID-19를 극복한 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 두 그룹 간 생산 성변화 차이가 은행의 경영자원 배분과 경영특성에 의한 것임을 시사한다. 향후 중국상업은행은 수 익구조 개선, 비즈니스 모델의 혁신, 디지털전환에 대한 적극 대응을 해나가야만 지속가능한 성장 을 도모할 수 있을 것이다.

This study systematically analyzed the causes of recurring electric shock accidents using accident analysis techniques and attempted to suggest implications for accident prevention. 124 electrocution death accidents that occurred from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed and classified into four factors(organizational influence, unsafe supervision, preconditions for unsafe acts, and unsafe acts) using the HFACS technique. As a result, First, in terms of organizational influence, many issues related to organizational processes were found, and the main causes were the lack of a safety management manual for electrical work, the lack of risk assessment, and the lack of safety procedures for electrical work. Second, in terms of unsafe supervision, the main causes were inappropriate operations such as not assigning a work supervisor during work or the lack of actual management and supervision. Third, in terms of preconditions for unsafe acts, the main causes were physical and technical problems such as not performing power outage work or not taking protective measures for live parts. Fourth, in terms of unsafe acts, the main causes were analyzed to be violations of safety procedures such as workers mistaking a power outage or not recognizing a current leakage condition, making a wrong judgment of the situation, and shortening the work time and working without safety measures for work convenience. Additionally, when examining whether the personal characteristics of those who died from electric shock had significant differences in unsafe behaviors, it was confirmed that there were significant differences in violations or decision-making errors depending on the industry and electrical-related major.

This study is about the evaluation for shock-proof performance of the system, elastically support the low accumulator of the naval artillery against underwater explosion, using DDAM. For the evaluation, the shock analysis procedure using DDAM, supported by MSC/NASTRAN, was briefly described. In addition, in order to perform the shock analysis, the elastic support system was modeled as a finite element. The shock analysis of the elastic support system was performed by selecting the analysis frequency range so that reliable results can be obtained. Finally, the shock-proof performance of the system was evaluated by comparing the shock analysis results with the properties of the elastic support system.

Forbush decreases (FDs), as the transient event of decreasing cosmic ray (CR) intensity, show the main phase of a sudden decrease within approximately one day and the recovery phase over several days. FDs are associated with abrupt solar wind events such as interplanetary shocks (IP shocks) and magnetic clouds. FD generation is explained by drift due to the magnetic field strength and by diffusion caused by magnetic turbulence. The FDs and the IP shocks from 1998 to 2004 in the solar maximum period were chosen to determine a more effective generation of FD between drift and diffusion. Seventy FDs with a CR variation of more than 3.0% and a minimum value of less than −1.5% were selected using Oulu neutron monitor data. The Advanced Composition Explorer satellite identified 292 IP shocks and we divided them into two sections: the pre-sheath region ahead of the shock front and the post-sheath region behind the shock front. The magnetic field strength, magnetic turbulence, solar wind speed, and solar wind turbulence of the post-sheath regions were analyzed. Most (62/70) of the FDs were associated with the post-sheath regions of the IP shocks. The important factors that generated the FDs were drift by the large physical properties in the post-sheath regions and diffusion by the strong turbulence in the post-sheath regions. The increase in the magnitude of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) shows larger in the IP shocks associated with FD (2.33 times) than in those not associated with an FD (1.70 times) between the pre-sheath and post-sheath regions. On the other hand, the increase in turbulence of IMF was the same for IP shocks associated with an FD and not associated with an FD. Although it was difficult to determine the dominant factor for the generation of FDs, the present study suggested that the drift by the magnetic field strength may play a more significant role than the diffusion by the magnetic turbulence.

During the formation of large-scale structures in the universe, weak internal shocks are induced within the hot intracluster medium (ICM), while strong accretion shocks arise in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) within filaments, and the warm-cold gas in voids surrounding galaxy clusters. These cosmological shocks are thought to accelerate cosmic ray (CR) protons and electrons via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). Recent advances in particle-in-cell and hybrid simulations have provided deeper insights into the kinetic plasma processes that govern microinstabilities and particle acceleration in collisionless shocks in weakly magnetized astrophysical plasma. In this study, we adopt a thermal-leakage type injection model and DSA power-law distribution functions in the test-particle regime. The CR proton spectrum directly connects to the Maxwellian distribution of protons at the injection momentum pinj = Qppth,p. On the other hand, the CR electron spectrum extends down to pmin = Qepth,e and is linked to the Maxwellian distribution of electrons. Here, pth,p and pth,e, are the proton and electron thermal momenta, respectively. Moreover, we propose that the postshock gas temperature and the injection parameters, Qp and Qe are self-regulated to maintain the test-particle condition, as the thermal energy is gradually transferred to the CR energy. Under these constraints, we estimate the self-regulated values of the temperature reduction factor, RT , and the proton injection parameter, Qp, along with the resulting CR efficiencies, ηp and ηe. We then provide analytical fitting functions for these parameters as functions of the shock Mach number, Ms. These fitting formulas may serve as valuable tools for quantitatively assessing the impact of CR protons and electrons, as well as the resulting nonthermal emissions in galaxy clusters and cosmic filaments.

총담관결석의 치료는 내시경역행담췌관조영술을 시행하여 결석을 제거하는 것이 표준적인 방법이며 내시경유두부 괄약근절개술 및 내시경유두부풍선확장술을 시행한 후 바스켓 및 풍선도관, 기계석 쇄석술 등의 여러가지 방법을 사용하여 그 성공률은 90% 이상으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 일부 거대담석이나 담도협착이 동반된 경우 등에서는 담석의 제거에 실패하는 경우가 있다. 본 저자들은 방사선 비투과성 담석에 대해서 일반적인 담석제거를 위한 방법을 사용한 후에도 담석제거에 실패하고 기계적 쇄석술을 시행하던 중 바스켓의 철선이 끊어지면서 담석과 함께 총담관 내에 잔류하게 된 환자에서 체외충격파 쇄석술을 시행하여 담석을 파쇄한 후 담석의 제거에 성공하였던 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

UV and O3 are materials used in the water treatment process, and many studies have been reported to remove organic matters, contaminants, and microorganisms. In this study, we were investigated effects of Chirnomidae (Chironomus flaviplumus, Chironomus riparius), which are contamination indicator species to exposure UV and O3 for the survival rate, body color change and gene expression response. The survival rate of C. flaviplumus exposed to UV decreased to about 70% after 24 hours, and C. riparius about 50%. There was no change in the survival rate of C. flaviplumus exposed to O3, and C. riparius decreased to 95% after 10 minutes of exposure, but there was no change during the subsequent exposure time. In addition, UV and O3 exposure to the two species in body color faded in a time-dependent. In the HSP70 gene expression, C. riparius showed an increase in expression after UV exposure compared to the control group, and a significant difference was shown 12 hours after exposure (P<0.05). C. flaviplumus exposed to O3 showed a relatively low expression compared to the control group, and showed a significant difference at 10 minutes and 1 hour after exposure (P<0.05). These results reported the ecotoxicological effects on Chironomidae according to UV and O3 exposure. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic data to understand the effects of UV and O3, which are disinfectants used in water treatment plants, on Chirnomidae entering plants. Key words: Chironomus flaviplumus, Chironomus riparius, UV, O3, acute toxicity, survival

In this study, the abnormal noise phenomenon generated intermittently in the shock absorber of the combat armored vehicle was approached from the side of the squeak joint to solve the phenomenon. In order to identify the cause of the noise, the factors causing friction in the shock absorber were checked from the viewpoint of problem product analysis, process, and design. As an improvement plan, by improving the non-lubricated section in the nitrogen chamber, the operating noise was reduced to a level lower than that of a general automobile engine along with the elimination of noise. Considering that this is a combat vehicle, it is judged that it has been improved so as not to affect the survivability and health of the crew during equipment operation. Through the improvement of this study, it is expected to prevent power loss and improve the emotional quality of our soldier.