본 연구는 스마트도시의 지속 가능한 공공 서비스 개발을 위한 주요 토론 주제를 발굴하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현행 지방정부 스 마트도시 서비스 도출 방식은 시민 리빙랩을 통해 시민 의견을 반영하지만, 기술적 요구와는 동떨어진 민원 수준 의견이 많아 한계가 있다. 또한, 공공기관은 중앙정부 정책에 의존하여 민간 기술에 종속되는 경향이 있어, 장기적인 관리 및 운영이 어렵다. 이러한 문제 를 해결하기 위해 시민들의 기술 이해 수준과 공공기관의 기술 수준을 함께 고려한 전략적 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구는 이러한 요소 들을 바탕으로 향후 연구 및 정책 수립의 기초 자료로 활용될 토론 주제를 제안하였다.

The Government of Vietnam recently issued a Strategy for Intellectual Property 2030 and amended the Law on Intellectual Property in 2022 for the economic development of Vietnam through stimulating innovation and creativity. Many solutions are recommended to foster the integration of research and development, and intellectual property such as recycling, water cleaning, treatment of poisonous exhausted air, energy saving, green technology for conserving ecosystems. To have more inventions and patents, Vietnam needs to protect its intellectual property rights (IPRs) involving all its various sectors and entities more. However, the current status of IPRs protection in Vietnam shows limitations in this field due to lack of appropriate legal rules on civil and criminal sanctions. This article will give an overview of IPRs protection in Vietnam and then analyze some current provisions relating to civil and criminal sanctions for IPRs infringement based on the experiences of some foreign countries. It will also recommend some solutions for overcoming these challenges.

Since the gene expression interference induced by dsRNA was discovered, dsRNA has been considered as an antiviral agent and pesticide to protect beneficial insects and crops, respectively. Recently, dsRNA was classified as IRAC mode of action group 35, and the first dsRNA pesticide, Calatha of GreenLight Bioscience, has been approved by EPA. Also an animal drug for Asian honeybee, HoneyGuard-R of Genolution is about to be approved by APQA. During the last two decades, hundreds of papers already had demonstrated the application and capability of dsRNA for agriculture, however, we have just a few commercialized products at hand at this moment. It is time to understand the processes, hurdles and limitations on the industry side that are indispensable for the development, registration and commercialization of dsRNA-based products.

RNAi (RNA interference, RNA 간섭)은 타겟 유전자의 mRNA 시퀀스와 상동한 이중 가닥 RNA (double-stranded RNA)에 의해 일어난다는 사실이 밝혀진 이후, 유전자의 기능을 파악하는 연구 도구로 활용되다가, 2018년에 비로소 사람의 유전자 치료제로 상용화가 되었다. 지금은 더 많은 질병들의 유전자 치료제를 만들기 위해 다양한 회사들이 임상을 진행하고 있다. 농업의 분야에서는 곤충의 ‘생존 필수 유전자’를 타겟함으로써 해충 방제제로 개발되어 서부 옥수수 뿌리벌레(Western corn rootworm)를 RNAi로 방제하기 위한 제품이 종자 형식으로 상용화 되었고, 최근에는 심각한 농약저항성을 가진 콜로라도 감자벌레(Colorado potato beetle)를 RNAi로 방제하기 위 해 ‘스프레이 방식의 뿌리는 dsRNA’가 상용화되었다. 추후에 더 많은 해충을 타겟으로 하는 제품이 개발될 예정 이다. 본 발표에서는 위에 언급한 상용화된 dsRNA 시퀀스의 환경안전성평가와 관련된 연구, off-target effect, siRNA 활용, nanoparticle 등 RNAi 기술을 보다 안전하고 유용하게 농업적으로 사용할 수 있는 방법에 대한 ‘실험 실의 역할’이 무엇인지 알아보고자 한다.

The sustainable development of livelihood is of great significance to improve the livelihood of farmers. It‘s necessary to broaden farmers’ livelihood strategy choices. Intangible cultural heritage tourism diversifies livelihoods and improves stability of farmers‘ lives. Taking Yangjiabu Folk Art Park and Red Sorghum Movie City as research objects, this study uses sustainable livelihood analysis framework, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation methods to explore the impact of intangible cultural heritage tourism on sustainable livelihoods, providing reference for rural development in need of enriching livelihood strategies. The research finds that different paths of intangible cultural heritage tourism lead to different accumulation of livelihood capital. Therefore, when planning and developing intangible cultural heritage tourism, rural areas should solve the shortage of livelihood capital brought by different types of development paths, promoting sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage tourism and farmers’ livelihoods. Secondly, in the process of rural development of intangible cultural heritage tourism, there is a mutual transformation and substitution, mutual influence and restriction relationship between different livelihood capital. Rural development of intangible cultural heritage tourism needs to consider the relationship between various livelihood capital, ensuring they can promote each other and coordinate development.

This study quantitatively analyzes the inter-sectoral linkages of emerging security based on the network of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in North Korea's Voluntary National Review Report (VNR) using Social Network Analysis (SNA). As a result of the analysis, North Korea's overall linkage score for each emerging security sector was high in the following order: health security (7.8), environmental security (5.9), food security (5.4), and energy security (4.0). This refers to the degree of interconnectivity with other security sectors. The ranking of security with high connectivity by the emerging security sector is as follows. Food security was in the order of environment > health > energy security, health security was in the order of environment > food security, energy security was in the order of health > environment > food security, and environmental security was highly connected in the order of health > energy > food security. This quantitative analysis indicates the importance of emerging security sectors and the need for mutual linkage in North Korea's SDGs implementation strategy. This will help set priorities for future cooperation in emerging security areas between North and South Korea and seeking organic linkage plans for each security sector.

지속가능발전은 미래 세대의 필요를 만족시키는 능력의 손실 없이 현 세대의 필요를 만족시키는 것이다. 지속가능발전은 현재 환경, 경제, 사 회라는 세 가지 프레임속에서 2030년까지 17개의 목표를 달성하는 것을 주요 골자로 전 세계의 파트너십을 유도하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 세 가 지 주요 프레임에 전체적으로 연관될 수 있는 문화라는 개념을 대표하는 박물관의 가치를 살펴보았다. 연구의 이론틀로 지속가능발전교육과 박물 관 교육의 접점을 살펴봄으로써 지속가능발전의 실천장으로서 박물관은 어떠한 가치를 가지는지 특히 해외 박물관 사례를 중심으로 분석하였다. 무엇보다도 2022년 새롭게 정의된 박물관에 절대적으로 필요한 다양성, 포용성, 지속가능성은 박물관이 지속가능발전과 밀접한 연관성이 있음을 직접적으로 증명한다. 해외 박물관의 교육 사례를 살펴본 결과 지속가능 발전의 환경 문제와 관련된 이슈를 가장 빈번하게 다루고 있음을 확인할 수 있었는데 향후 국내 국공립박물관의 교육 정책에 반영할 수 있는 시 사점을 가진다. 다양성과 포용성을 기반으로 한 박물관 교육 사례도 확 인되었는데 이는 한국 박물관의 교육 비젼 확대에 참고할 수 있는 부분 이라고 생각된다.

Implementing a rural revitalization strategy will help spread traditional culture and promote the sustainable development of traditional handicrafts. Batik is a traditional handicraft made by residents in China’s minority areas in their daily lives. This study was conducted because of a lack of objective methods for evaluating related project plans. This study was conducted to develop an index for the sustainable development of functional traditional batik production. This study had three major parts. The first part was a literature review that investigated sustainable and traditional batik dyeing and a field investigation carried out in Shitou Village, Danzhai County and Danzhai Paimo Village, Anshun, Guizhou to identify the factors that influence traditional batik production. The second part identified the factors identified in previous research that affect sustainable, traditional batik production and the projects executed to do the same. The third part was a survey conducted using the Delphi method. The results were analyzed, producing 10 influencing and 23 detailed factors that affect traditional batik production. Future research in this area should draw on various disciplines, investigate the direction in which traditional batik production is developing, and determine how to promote the sustainable development of other traditional handicrafts.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the overall economic growth of countries. Governments have taken various measures to prevent the spread of the virus, resulting in a significant increase in unemployment, such as young people who are disadvantaged groups such as first-time job seekers and inexperienced fresh graduates. The concept of sustainable development has been gradually recognized by most countries as an important principle in international regulations. It has been reflected in international treaties, judicial cases, and initiatives. To alleviate the pressure of youth unemployment, China has adopted a series of policies and measures, which are consistent with the concept of sustainable development. This paper intends to focus on the current situation of China’s youth employment market and relevant laws and policies to improve it. It draws on the measures taken by other countries to deal with youth unemployment and puts forward suggestions from the perspective of sustainable development.

In the current era of sustainable development, economic, social, and environmental changes are interrelated, and social inclusion and environmental sustainability are our shared goals. In response, social and environmental values have become important considerations for the success of an enterprise, placing an increased emphasis on the interests of all stakeholders. This trend in the governance of enterprise fueled the emergence of a new organizational form: the certified B Corporation (B Corp), a social enterprise certified by B Lab as an enterprise that creates value for non-shareholding stakeholders, including employees, customers, the local community, and the environment. With their positive social and environmental impacts, B Corps have become increasingly recognized as instrumental in the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and literature on B Corps has increased. However, empirical research on the role of B Corps is still lacking.

The tourism industry specifically experienced distinct failing revenues and was an economic sector among those most rigorously influenced by the pandemic. In the gradual recovery period after the pandemic, the technology implementation in travel has been a great achievement for travel companies. This study is based on a systematic literature review to examine the ability of Virtual Reality (VR) and Geographic information systems (GIS) to serve as a facilitator of sustainable tourism development goals. The potential impact of VR and GIS within tourism will bolster the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and will be conceptualized. The use of these technologies in connection to the SDGs can associate with SDG No. 8, SDG No.9, SDG No.11, and SDG No. 13, which are related to "decent work and economic growth", "industry, innovation, and infrastructure", "sustainable cities and communities", and "climate action."

본 연구는 최근 전 세계적인 도시연합체를 통한 지역발전 전략은 획일 적이고 경직된 일방적 발전 형태가 아닌 다양한 양상의 발전을 추구할 수 있다는 점에서 하나의 거대한 도시에 대한 집중이나 인위적인 하향식 정치적 결합이 아닌 기능적으로 연계된 도시연합체 형성이 도시연합의 발전을 위한 대안이 될 수 있음을 주장한다. 따라서 본 연구는 석탄 철 강 지역으로 일자리를 찾아 모여든 루르 지역이 초기 독일의 국가 성장 에 일조했으나 실업과 지역 산업의 사양 산업화로 인한 쇠퇴를 경험했던 독일의 도시 지역연합 메트로폴 루르가 위기를 극복하고 새롭게 산업전 환을 성공적으로 완수하게 된 요인을 도시발전의 정치적 요인인 거버넌 스를 통해 분석했다. 이를 통해 한국적인 광역 단위의 메가시티 형성 전 략은 단순히 특정 도시들의 물리적 결합을 통한 양적 발전이 아닌 다양 한 요인을 고려한 기능적 결합을 통한 도시 지역연합으로의 성장 가능성 을 탐색할 필요가 있음을 강조한다.

수도권 중심의 국가발전 전략이 한계에 다다른 가운데, 주요국들은 지 방을 발전시키기 위한 다양한 전략이 제시되어 왔다. 2000년대 이후 유 럽, 일본 등 주요국들은 광역경제권 형성을 통한 지방 대도시권 발전방 향의 전략을 채택해 온 가운데, 최근 한국에서도 부울경 지역연합이 출 범한 경험이 있다. 본 논문에서는 프랑스의 지방분권 개혁 및 문제점, 과 제에 관하여 고찰하였다. 특히 본고에서는 프랑스의 광역경제권 형성 과 정을 통해 부·울·경 메가시티 전략에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 1970년대 중앙집권적 행정체제로는 경제발전과 지역협력 대응에의 한계 가 있음을 직시한 프랑스는 지방분권을 추진해 왔다. 지방분권 추진에 많은 어려움을 겪어 왔던 프랑스 정부는 2012년 이후 최근까지 지방분 권의 효율성과 민주주의의 조화를 위한 분권발전 정책을 제시해 왔다. 프랑스는 지방분권 추진 과정에서 지역 광역화와 생활권의 이격에서 발 생하는 문제점들을 해결하기 위해, 도시지역계획(PLU), 코뮌 토지이용구 분도(CC), 국토의 일관성 계획(SCOT) 등을 제시하였다.

This study focused on diagnosing and analyzing the level of sustainable development for each fishing communities by applying the sustainable development index in the fishing communities to support the policy of revitalizing the fishing communities. In terms of methodology, diagnostic indicators for rural areas were used through previous studies and literature surveys, and three categories, five fields and 27 indicators were finally selected through collecting opinions from experts. After deriving the weight for each indicator in detail, the final sustainable development index of the fishing communities was applied to fishing village fraternity. Based on the results of the analysis of the application of sustainable development cases in fishing communities, policy support should be implemented differentially according to regional decline factors and potential growth factors. In the population and social sector, it is necessary to consider ways to reduce population and reduce aging. In the industrial and economic sectors, fishing activation and systematic support for fishing-related industries should be provided. In the marine and built environment sector, the government's active project execution and budget support are required. In addition, it is expected to be used in various ways in the process of developing fishing communities and establishing revitalization plans that reflect the characteristics of the region.

When we think about an idea of United Nations Tolerance Program UNTP, it is important for us to share memory with world citizens that we had 2314 veterans from 11 countries in the Busan U.N. Forces Cemetery since January of 1951. Recently, we had 13 veterans, who got buried coming from 4 Americans, 3 Hollanders, 2 Frenchmen, 2 Germans, 2 Englishmen, 1 Canadian and 1 headband after they died in their countries. (Joongang daily newspaper June 19, 2022). "I believe that creating a fifth office of the UNTP in Republic of Korea (Seoul, Busan, Kyunggi or Jeju Island), as a twin organization of the UNEP in Nairobi, Kenya, would provide a geopolitical balance to the international organization and a useful base for peace island studies in the conflict laden region of East Asia. Establishing this office in S. Korea(Seoul, Busan, Kyunggi or Jeju Island), with its unique geographical location as a hub for peace talks and environmental negotiations between Russia, North Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan, would contribute to peace and development in the region." (Yates. 2022).

Climate change has severely impacted food security and agricultural productivity in Africa. The scarcity of rains and the severe drought affecting the Sub-Saharan and the horn of Africa have impoverished the soil, and water resources, and have caused the death of livestock in countries like Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Niger, and etc. On the other hand, the usage of chemical fertilizers for soil and crop nutrients is becoming an economic and environmental burden for African farmers. Thus, the necessity to implement sustainable agricultural technics to maintain and improve soil fertility by applying natural nutrients obtained from livestock manure while livestock is fed with crop residues in a single agricultural area. Although this farming system offers environmental and economic benefits to farmers, particularly in the rural and semi-urban areas, its implementation is very low in Africa because of: 1) constant migration of herders in the search of green pasture for livestock, making the collection of manure difficult, 2) religious and traditional beliefs considering animal waste as not being pure to be applied on crops, 3) conflicts between herders and farmers over the control of water resources and arable lands, making the cohabitation of livestock and crops in one farmland unlikely, and 4) the habit of crop residues burning, which is not just harmful to the environment but also a waste of natural livestock fed. Based on the reviewed literature, the Korea-Africa Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (KAFACI) plans to develop and implement an integrated crop-livestock project in KAFACI member countries with the mission 1) to diffuse the importance of using natural nutrients for improving soil fertility and enhancing crop and livestock productivity in Africa, 2) to train researchers and farmers on new technologies for manure treatments, 3) to demonstrate the benefits of using livestock manure for soil fertility, crops nutrients, while using crop residues as livestock nutrients, and 4) contribute to enhancing sustainable agriculture in Africa through the reduction of greenhouse gas by reducing livestock’s waste and crop residues burning.