한국선교신학회는 지난 30년 동안 한국교회와 선교학계에 중요한 역할을 감당했다. 한국 교회의 올바른 목회 관을 제시하고 교회의 본질과 삶을 바르게 정위시켰다. 또한 한국 교회의 바른 선교관을 제시하고 선교신학을 세우는 일에 헌신해 왔다. 교회와 선교 현장이 연계되어 교회가 바른 선교관을 가지고 하나님의 선교를 잘 감당하고 선교사들이 올바른 선교 정체성을 가지고 선교할 수 있도록 학문적으로 돕고 방향을 제시해 왔다. 한국선교신학회는 발전을 위해 성경과 선교 에 대한 연구를 통해 하나님의 선교에 헌신하도록 방향을 제시해 주고, 기후변화에 따른 생태-선교학적 연구로 하나님의 창조 세계 보전에 대한 시각을 바르게 제시해 줘야 할 것이다. 그리고 팬데믹 이후에 급변하는 선교 현장의 선교-지역학 연구를 통해 선교사와 교회가 지속가능한 선교를 감당할 수 있도록 학문적 방향을 제시해 주고 연계성 을 갖도록 다리 역할을 해 주어야 할 것이다.

The ASEAN charter is a treaty established by ten member countries in the Southeast Asia founded on December 2008. Prior to the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) charter, the Maritime Professional Education and Training Development Program was facing a challenge of disruptions relative to maritime events. Due to the disruptions of maritime events, challenges such as gap in international relations, lack of database integration in the field of maritime education and training, lack of knowledge transfer and no effective and proper framework of future development particularly in the areas of maritime education and training among the ASEAN countries existing. The goal of this paper is to motivate professionals and the relations society to collaborate in the Maritime Professional Education and Training Development: Today and Tomorrow, to be able to fill the gaps presented to this paper. In order to ensure this study can be completed in the right ways and times, the Critical Path Method (CPM) is used. As a finding of this study, all professional maritime members are expected to strengthening the international professional relations in maritime education and training system among the ASEAN region.

Fluctuation in the price of oil has been an international concern for decades, because oil is the primary export and main economic driver for many States. OPEC as an international organization is practicing its role in controlling oil prices and oil market under the rules and norms of international law. In 2014, the price of oil decreased tremendously in a way that shocked the international market. OPEC tried to stem the losses and prevent prices from falling even further, and tried to facilitate international law in the current crisis. World markets were further shocked when OPEC announced that it would not cut production, and that the market would be supplied by the usual average amount of oil exports. In contrast, WTO cut its global trade in an attempt to shore up prices in the international markets, since low oil prices affected international trade as well. In this article, I analyze the oil crisis that hit the world from 2014 to the early year of 2016 period, and the role of international organizations such as OPEC and WTO in facing international economic crises, as well as the role of international politics to assure the implementation of law.

이 논문의 목적은 “네 이웃을 네 몸과 같이 사랑하라”는 이웃사랑의 계명이 오늘날 현대인에게 어떤 의미가 있으며, 그것이 어떻게 가능한지를 지젝의 이웃 사랑의 윤리의 관점에서 논구하는 것이다. 지젝은 올바른 이웃사랑을 실천하기 위해서는 상징질서를 매개로 이웃의 근본적 타자성과 관계해야 한다고 주장한다. 또한 그는 상징 질서의 규제를 받게 되어 기표의 힘에 압도당하는 이웃의 차원뿐만 아니라 법과 제도 등 사회체제에서 배제되거나 억압당하는 이웃의 차원을 동시에 사랑해야 한다고 주장한다. 그리고 마주하는 타자가 아니라 이웃의 이웃인 제3자를 사랑함으로써 제3자가 나의 이웃사랑에서 배제되지 않도록 함 으로써, 동시에 마주하는 가까운 이웃까지도 사랑할 수 있게 하는 것이다. 이웃사랑의 현대적 의미는, 현대인은 상징적 규범이 강제하는 획일성과 존재의 위계체계에 갇히지 않은 채 주체의 나르시시즘적 자아구조에서 벗어나 새로운 윤리적 주체와 사랑의 관계를 맺을 수 있게 되고, 이를 바탕으로 서로 이웃 사랑이 가능한 새로운 윤리의 현실 세계를 개척해 나갈 수 있게 된다는 것이다.

칼 라이헬트는 노르웨이 출신 중국선교사로서 중국 불교승려들에 대한 초점을 맞추어 사역한 선교사로서 그의 위대한 업적에 비해 선교역사에서 드러나지 않은 인물이다. 당시 승려들의 복음화를 위해 그들과 동일화하는 과감한 상황화 입장을 펼쳤으므로 선교부의 오해와 불신으로 추방당하기까지 하였다. 그는 성취론(Fulfillment Theory)적 입장에서 불교철학과 기독교와의 접촉점을 발견하여 그들에게 예수 그리스도의 복음을 가르쳤다. 하남성에서 홍콩으로 선교지를 옮긴 후 도풍산에 불교양식의 선교센터를 건립하고 찾아오는 불교승려들과 도교인들에게 함께 기숙하며 토론하면서 복음을 가르쳤으며, 270여명의 불교승려들과 다수의 도교인들을 개종시켰다. 또한 루터교 연합신학교를 설립하여 제자들을 배출시켰으며, 중국어 성경주석발간 등 교육사업과 출판사업에도 업적을 남겼다. 당대 선교부로부터의 냉대와 추방에도 불구하고 일생에 걸친 불교의 지도자들을 향한 사랑과 전도행로는 기독교 선교역사에서 재평가되고 연구되어야할 가치가 있다. 본 연구를 위해 칼 라이헬트의 저서와 그에 관한 저널들, 성취론에 대한 견해들과 라이헬트의 입장, 도풍산 현장의 증거 등을 수집하고 분석하였다.

Across two experiments, this study provides support for the concept that money and time are marked by psychologically distinct constructs. As temporal distance increases, preferences are more likely to be based on the value associated with a high-level construal of options than the value associated with a low-level construal of options. That is, as potential contributors are asked to donate later, high-level featured resources (i.e., time) take focal precedent over low-level ones (i.e., money) in judging preference for donation methods. This study also found that the match effect between temporal distance and construal-level holds only when the level of attitude toward NPO is relatively favorable. However, donation intention is enhanced under mismatch conditions when the level of attitude is less favorable. That is, when potential contributors hold relatively less favorable attitudes toward the NPO, those who are requested to make an expediting decision of donation are more likely to have higher intention to donate with a high-level construal resource. This study attributed the finding to the shift of people’s focal resource through their level of attitude toward the NPO. Unlike the previous research, which focused mainly on how temporal distance influences individuals’ construal levels to result in different donation behaviors, this study investigates the relationship between donation resources and temporal distance. The results from the research provide empirical evidence that temporal distance can have impact on individuals’ preference of the types of donation resources. Given that the features of donation resources can be related temporal distance, this research can shed light on how temporal construal theory can be used in charitable-giving contexts. Additionally, while considerable number of temporal construal studies have investigated the impact of the match effect on the attitude toward a brand, this study explores the role of attitude toward the organization on the interaction effect of temporal distance and construal levels. The findings from this study can provide an opportunity for better understanding of temporal construal theory.

The “Sipadan and Ligitan” dispute was settled by the ICJ (2002), but its impact on basepoint for baseline and maritime delimitation on the Ambalat remains a contentious issue until now. Since the islands are used as basepoints by Malaysia that results in controversy between Indonesia and Malaysia. This essay will investigate the current situation over Ambalat regarding two basepoints islands for maintaining Equidistance Line in Disputed Area. It will discuss why Malaysia has no right to use the straight baseline or straight archipelagic baseline to connect the basepoints of Sipadan and Ligitan at Sabah and suggest measures to maintain equidistance line in Ambalat.

We overview and discuss the IAU today from the viewpoint of its regions based on historical and statis- tical data, and consider the status and future of astronomy in the Asian-Pacific region. New activities of the IAU, the Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) and the Office for Astronomy Outreach (OAO) for the future evolution of astronomy are introduced. We also review the recent developments in astron- omy in the Asian-Pacific region, and emphasize the importance of regional cooperation and coordination for the future.

Shim, Youngsook. 2014. World Englishes research in Korea, China, and Japan: A meta-analysis of articles published in World Englishes and English Today. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(3). The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of research findings on world Englishes in the context of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese societies, based on an analysis of 89 research articles published in two international journals, World Englishes and English Today, between 2005 and 2014. After a careful review of them, the articles were classified into four important topic areas: the local variety, including language users’ attitudes toward it and its linguistic characteristics (36%); other varieties of world Englishes, with subcategories of perception, education, and intelligibility of those varieties (17%); English use in the given social context, further categorized into descriptive analysis and critical analysis of English use (25%); English teaching and learning, including general EFL teaching/learning topics and English- medium instruction (18%); and others (4%). This paper presents important findings surrounding each topic area and further discusses their sociolinguistic implications and suggests future research direction.

One of the central problems for today's philosophy is elucidation roles of individuals and communities in history. For modern researchers it is stress-free to keep a clear divided line between them, as well as between religious and secular, communalist and nationalist and etc. Such approach becoming a recognized problem and I want to suggest that one way of shedding light on the issue may lie in widening sphere of philosophical discourse on mind, without making simplistic distinctions between rational and irrational in history. At this context would be right to recognize that culture creates the human mind. Once this done, it becomes less complicated to evaluate not just the pass history but also the current socio-political trends of modern development, including Central-Asian. At this context I propose to stress role of communitarian mind and it's oppositions\links with today's nationalism in the region. Community-based social structures managed to survive for a long Central-Asian history. Islam as a dominant religion managed to accept communal diversity as a natural law here. Such frame is particularly observable since Central-Asian Muslims succeeded to develop and keep unique TurkishPersian (settled-nomad) cultural synthesis. However today we have heating up problems among all five modern Central Asian states (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan) and most experts could not able to have clear explanations on today's brinkmanship (borders, water, migrants and etc.). But on the roots of conflict is ignoring communitarian mind and accepting nationalism.

Recently, most Christians in Korean have felt shame at watching the status quo of Korean protestantism. Almost everyday, we Christians faced unpleasant news about churches and clergies. At the same time, Christians feel the crisis of church growth and mission. At this moment, it would be significant and meaningful to search for the church reforms in the history of Christianity and to be taught from the past. For this reason, the writer investigated several historical events which caused the church reform consciously or unconsciously. As a result of this research, several types of church reform in the church history could be described as follows. The first case of church reform was accomplished for the purpose of the ecclesiastical and the social change by means of the political struggle. Second, for the purpose of the ecclesiastical and the social change by the revolutionary method. Third, for the purpose of structural subversion by the political struggle. Finally, for the purpose of structural subversion by the revolution. Among these four, because the second type of reform is illogical, the writer would consider the others. The rest of three cases of reform, however, whether it would be successful or not, had the limitation that could not have accomplished the fundamental reform of problems in their own era. For this, the writer has looked for the another way which was named as the fifth way of reformation and the writer considered it as true church reform. Also, it was regarded a genuine church reform as the most effective way of mission. As the fifth way of reform in the church history, the writer analyzed three historical events: the way of St. Francis and his mendicant movement in the twelfth century; the way of religious movement of Beguine in the thirteenth century; and the way of methodist movement of John Wesley in the eighteenth century. The characteristics of these movement would be as follows. First of all, these movements did not happen to struggle or criticize the existing church power and social structure directly. Secondly, even though there were leading persons in these movements, these movements were empowered by the anonymous laities. Thirdly, the participants of these movements proliferated and flourished very rapid within very limited times. Finally, They were so creative that they created new idea, theology, philosophy, and life styles. In conclusion, the writer proposed the fifth way as the ideal both for church reform and growth simultaneously. Through the fifth way, the people who are sick and tired to churches and protestantism in Korea might come into the world of hope, new spirituality, and creative life that they have never felt in the existing ecclesiastical structure. Then, new Christian communities will proliferate such as the above creative religious movements.

This study presents George G. Hunter’s church growth insights revealed in his classic, To Spread the Power: Church Growth in the Wesleyan Spirit. On the basis of his insights and interpretations of collected data including interviews, letters, and observation, this study evaluates the mission programs of Anjung Church of the Nazarene. Hunter adopted John Wesley’s ideas and the church growth theories developed by Donald A. McGavran and C. Peter Wagner to produce his own church growth theory. This study attempts to apply Hunter’s church growth insights to a local church, Anjung Church of the Nazarene. This church represents the Korean Nazarene Church (KNC) in this evaluation. (KNC was organized in 1948, although some Nazarene churches were already planted in Pyong Yang and Seoul during the Japanese colonial period). Hunter’s church growth insights were translated into six “mega-strategies.” The six mega-strategies are: 1. Identifying receptive people, 2. Reaching across social networks to people, 3. Organizing new recruiting groups and ports of entry, 4. Ministering to the needs of people, 5. Indigenizing the ministries to fit the culture of the people, and 6. Planning to achieve their intended future. This study discovered some strengths and some weaknesses of the Anjung Church of the Nazarene. The church was comparatively strong in evangelism and outreach, although DGR showed diversity between “poor” growth and “good” growth. The church has grown steadily since it was planted in 1947. In particular, the church was very aggressive in church planting work. However, the church was comparatively weak in cross-cultural missions, although it tried to build two church buildings, one in the Philippines and another in North India. This study presents seven suggestions to Anjung Church of the Nazarene based on missiological analysis and evaluation. In summary, the church needs to carry out holistic mission programs to maintain the balance between proclamation / evangelism and social action / social service. Anjung Church of the Nazarene has a great potential to fulfill the Great Commission and to implement the Great Commandment. The classical purposes of missions are conversion, church planting, and the extension of God’s kingdom. God will be glorified by the local church.

This paper has composed of 4 chapters which are as followed. Chapter one deals with introduction which explains reasons and background of research. Chapter two is entitled “a paradigm shit of people centered missions.” Chapter Three has put much time on priority missions. Chapter four has discussed on perspective of future missions. Chapter five deals with concluding thoughts of this paper. This paper has focused on a paradigm shift of people missions concept and priority missions. The writer has also spent time with searching and collecting data with current missions statistics. He also has emphasized on impact of unreached people concept which led into world church to get involved for world evangelization. From the introduction part, the author has attempted to explain the importance of this research. He gives legitimacy for this studies which is relevant to today’s world of missions-focused atmosphere. He also provides much statistics of current missions around world. The author emphasizes that the innovation of people concept missions has played vital role not only to Korean church, but also around the world. In Chapter two author has spent time with defining the term people concept missions which is derived from Matthew 28:19 that it’s portion was all the nations(ethne). The ethne stands for ethnic, culture, language, gentiles and outside people rather than nations or countries. Author explains that how 1974 the Lausanne congress for world Evangelization gave birth of people concept missions. Chapter two gives also explanation of what other missions agencies adopted proper use of people group and the unreached people group. In Chapter three the writer has provided of necessity of priority missions. the Least reached people group missions should be applied by nations, religions, people groups and the least untargeted people group. Priority mission strategy should be the last method to reach the lost with gospel. In last two chapters authors deals with much about proposals and outlook on future missions. He suggest that future mission strategy should be based up priority missions so that global christian world would accomplish within the period. Author hope that there are so many opportunities and potential when the world evangelical church sincerely take this obligations puting into practice.