본 연구는 전국에서 일조시간이 가장 짧은 제주 동부지역의 저온기에 토마토 수경재배 온실의 광량, 습공기 및 근권 온도 특성을 분석하여 저온기의 저일조 조건에서 안정적인 과채류 생산을 위한 방안을 제언하고자 수행하였다. 본 실험은 제주 시 구좌읍 김녕리 PO 필름 단동형 복합환경제어 온실에서 2022년 10월 30일－2023년 1월 31일, 2024년 11월－2025년 1월까지 2회 실시하였다. 온실 내부에 100W·m-2 이상의 광량 이 도달하는 시간은 2022－2023년의 경우 11월(9시, 114W)> 12월(10시, 110W)> 1월(11시, 104W) 순으로 1월에 11시로 가장 늦었으며, 2024－2025년의 경우 11월(10시, 107W), 12월(10시, 90W), 1월(10시, 104W)이 유사하였다. 일평균 누적광량은 850J·cm-2·day-1 수준 이상으로 측정된 날수가 2022년 11월, 12월과 2023년 1월에 각각 12, 6, 9일이었고, 2024년에는 각각 12, 9, 13일로 심각한 저일조 환경임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 2023년과 2025년 1월의 VPD 범위는 각 각 5.4－8.8mbar, 5.7－9.8mba로 적정 수준으로 유지되었으 며 증산율은 VPD가 2.5배 낮아짐에 따라 Tr 값이 2배 감소하 였다. 배지 온도는 2023년 1월에 일출 후 시간당 0.2－ 0.6℃씩 증가하여 16℃로 가장 높았다. 온실 내·외부 CO2 농 도차(Ci-Co)는 CO2 시비를 하지 않았을 경우 맑은날은 － 84μmol·mol-1(10시), 흐린 날도 0.2μmol·mol-1(14시) 수준 을 보였다. 본 연구를 종합하여 볼 때, 저온기의 저일조 환경에 서 광량 부족으로 인한 낮은 근권 온도와 CO2 농도가 작물의 광합성과 생장에 제한 요인이 될 수 있음을 시사하고 이를 극 복하기 위한 기술적 대안이 필요하다고 판단된다.

토마토뿔나방(Phthorimaea absoluta)은 현재 전 세계 토마토 재배에 심각한 문제를 초래하는 해충이며 국내에서는 2023년에 처음 발견된 이후. 전국적으로 퍼져 국내 토마토 재배 농가에 많은 경제적 손실을 입히고 있다. 특히 친환경 토마토 재배 농가에 대한 피해가 크게 발생하였지만 친환경 방제 방법이 부족한 상황이다. 북아프리카와 유럽에서는 토마토뿔나방의 포식성 천적인 담배장님노린재 (Nesidiocoris tenuis)를 상업적으로 이용하고 있으며, 스페인에서 알벌류(Tricogrammatidae)를 토마토뿔 나방 방제에 활용하는 등 친환경 방제수단으로써 천적을 활용하고 있다. 국외에서의 천적을 이용한 토마토뿔나방 방제 사례를 수집하여 기존 국내 천적의 활용성을 검증하고 이를 토대로 국내 토착 천적의 탐색 및 효과 검증을 통한 종합적인 천적 활용 친환경 방제 전략 수립에 이용하고자 한다.

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L,. var. cerasiforme Mill.) is small fruits with a bright red color resembling a cherry and having an excellent taste, sweet and juicy ambience. So far, no cherry tomato variety was registered in Ethiopia. Consequently, six genotypes were imported from National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Sciences (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) Republic of Korea, and field experiment was conducted in RCBD with three replications at six Ethiopian testing sites, with irrigation, during off-seasons of 2021 and 2022 to identify high yielding, well adapted and good quality varieties. The overall analysis of variance across locations and years showed non-significant difference among the genotypes for marketable and total yields. But separate analysis for each site has revealed significant differences among genotypes at Melkassa, Koka, Adami- Tulu and Fogera, unlike that of Kulumsa and Woramit. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among these genotypes for fruit numbers per plant, average fruit weight, fruits per cluster, plant height, skin thickness, juice volume and total soluble solid. Wonhong No.3 gave higher marketable (24.49 t/ha) and total (26.19 t/ha) yields, and generally Wonhong Nos.3 and 5 had higher yields and good qualities across these tested locations and years. Hence, Wonhong No.3 (designated as Jorgie-1) was registered for its higher yield, non-cracking, good TSS and color, while Wonhong No.5 (renamed as Jorgie-2) was preferred for its smaller fruit size, reasonable yield and quality (TSS, color, non-cracking). Hence, both varieties were officially registered in 2023 season for commercial production in different agro-ecologies of Ethiopia, and they are believed to add more economic and nutritional values for the tomato producers and the consumers. They can also support the intensification of tomato cultivation in peri-urban and urban agriculture, where demands and thus government focus are increasingly growing.

This study was conducted to analyze the productivity and economic feasibility of truss-limited tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) grown at a high density in Cambodia during the rainy season. During the rainy season in Cambodia, due to excessive rain and very high temperature, tomatoes cannot grow well in an open field, leading to a greatly reduced yield. High density truss-limited cultivation (HDTLC) of tomatoes can shorten the growing season and increase yields. In conventional cultivation (control), tomatoes were transplanted at a spacing of 70×40 cm and harvested up to the 4th fruit cluster. In HDTLC, tomatoes were transplanted at a spacing of 20×20 cm or 25×25 cm and harvested up to the 2nd fruit cluster. Plant heights in HDTLC were higher than those in the control at 22 days after transplanting (DAT). At 39 DAT, plant heights did not differ between 25×25 cm and control. At 60 DAT, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width of the HDTLC were lower than those of the control. Fruit length and width were also lower in HDTLC compared to those of the control. However, sugar content was more than 19% higher in HDTLC compared to that in the control. Yield per plant of the control was the highest, but yields per ha in HDTLCs were 99% (20×20 cm) and 38% (25×25 cm) higher, respectively, compared to that of the control. No pesticides were used for disease control in this experiment. However, to ensure yield, it is recommended to observe the disease status of plants and spray pesticides at the appropriate time. The disease index (1: disease-free; 5: all leaves were disease-infected) of late blight (Phytophthora indestans) was significantly higher for 20×20 cm (4.5) and 25×25 cm (3.6) groups compared to the control (2.0). Income with 20×20 cm (5,668 thousand KRW) and 25×25 cm (1,863 thousand KRW) were 4.9 and 1.6 times higher, respectively, compared to that with the control (1,149 thousand KRW). So, we want to spread the HDTLC technology, which transplanting of tomato seedlings at 20×20 cm intervals and harvests up to 2nd fruit cluster, to Cambodian farmers.

본 연구는 과피색에 따른 토마토 과실의 숙성 단계에 따른 기능성 물질 및 항산화 활성의 차이를 알아보기 위해 실시하 였다. 토마토 샘플은 성숙한 단계에서 과피색이 황색, 흑색, 적 색으로 구별되는 세 가지 토마토 품종을 이용하였다. 토마토 샘플을 녹색기, 변색기, 최색기, 완숙기의 4가지 숙성 단계에 서 수확한 후 당, 라이코펜, 아스코르브산, 폴리페놀 및 항산화 활성을 포함한 다양한 생리 활성 화합물을 분석하였다. 토마 토 과실의 주요 당분은 과당과 포도당이다. 황색 토마토의 과 당과 포도당 함량은 숙성 단계에 따라 점차 증가하였다. 그러 나 흑색 토마토와 적색 토마토는 변색기 단계에서 증가한 후 상대적으로 일정하게 유지되었다. 과피색에 관계없이 모든 토마토 과실에 함유된 라이코펜 함량은 숙성 단계에 따라 크 게 증가했습니다. 라이코펜 함량은 적색 토마토 과실의 성숙 단계에서 가장 높게 관찰되었다. 황색 토마토 과실의 아스코 르브산 함량은 낮았으며 숙성 단계 동안 상대적으로 일정하게 유지되었다. 흑색 토마토 과실의 아스코르브산 함량은 성숙 단계에서 2,249mg·kg-1으로 크게 증가한 반면, 적색 토마토 과실에서는 성숙 단계에서 3,529mg·kg-1으로 점차 증가했습 니다. 페놀성 화합물인 퀘르시트린은 토마토 과실에서 발견 되었지만, 성숙 단계에서 토마토 과실의 퀘르시트린 함량은 점차적으로 감소되었다. ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 최색기의 황색 토마토 과실에서 급격히 증가한 반면, 흑색 토마토와 적 색 토마토에서는 숙성 단계에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였다. 모든 토마토 과실의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 최색기에서 크 게 증가했다.

Five insecticides (Acrinathrin, Dinotefuran, Emamectin benzoate, Chlorfenapyr and fluxametamide) approved for tomato cultivation were evaluated in Frankliniella occidentalis populations collected from Chungcheong province (Cheongyang, Chungju and Gongju). Leaf dip bioassay was used to evaluate resistance levels (LC50). Bioassays on Acrinathrin demonstrated higher LC50 concentration in evaluated populations. In particular, the Chungju population was 745.61 times the recommended concentration of the insecticide. Other remarkable resistance levels were recorded for the Dinotefuran with 435.06 times and 196.29 times the recommended concentrations for the populations from Chungju and Gongju, respectively. Bioassays for Emamectin benzoate, Chlorfenapyr and Fluxametamide showed low resistance to insecticides in the evaluated populations.

Density survey should be carried out for applying integrated pest management strategies, but it is labor-intensive, time- and cost-consuming. Therefore, binomial sampling plans are developed for estimating and classifying the population density of whiteflies late larvae based on the relationship between the mean density per sample unit (7 leaflets) and the proportion of leaflets infested with less than T whiteflies ( ). In this study, models were examined using tally thresholds ranging from 1 to 5 late larvae per 7 leaflets. Regardless of tally thresholds, increasing the sample size had little effect on the precision of the binomial sampling plan. Based on the precision of the model, T=3 was the best tally threshold for estimating the densities of late larvae. Models developed using T=3 validated by Resampling Validation for Sampling Plan program. Above all, the binomial model with T=3 performed well in estimating the mean density of whiteflies in greenhouse tomato.

Gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium spp., is a major disease of tomatoes, and it threatens its cultivation worldwide, especially in warm and humid areas. This study was conducted on 223 tomato germplasm conserved at the National Agrobiodiversity Center to select the resources resistant to the gray leaf spot pathogen strain previously isolated in Korea, using a bioassay and genotypic analysis of the resistance gene (Sm). Two weeks after inoculation with Stemphylium lycopersici, the disease index (rated on a scale of 0-4) of gray leaf spot was assessed in detached tomato leaves. The results showed that 22 resources were resistant, with a disease index of 0-1. Additionally, 65 genetic resources were found to be moderately resistant, with a disease index between 1.0 and 2.0. Subsequently, Hybridization Probe Melting (HPM) analysis of the 22 resistant genetic resources confirmed the genotype of the gray leaf spot resistance gene (Sm). Among them, 20 genetic resources showed a homozygous resistant genotype. The resources selected in this research may contribute to the breeding of new tomato varieties resistant to gray leaf spot and may serve as a basis for further genotypic analysis studies.

In 2006, Cambodian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI) bred a high-quality tomato ‘Neang Pich’ variety. Since ‘Neang Pich’ is susceptible to Sclerotium rolfsii (S. rolfsii), it is severely affected the production major tomato growing regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seven S. rolfsii tolerant rootstocks on growth and yield in graft cultivation of ‘Neang Pich’ tomato. ‘Neang Pich’ seedlings were used as scion and non-grafted control. Six eggplant genotypes (‘2017053’, ‘2017062’, ‘17CJVC2’, ‘No. 80’, ‘VI041979A’, ‘VI041996’) and a commercial tomato variety (‘Hulk’) were used as rootstock. The grafted and non-grafted tomatoes were grown in a plastic greenhouse and open field. The survival rate of plants did not differ between plastic greenhouse (80.2%) and open field (79.5%). The top and root fresh weight of plants grown in a plastic greenhouse increased by 77% and 11% compared to the open field and the dry weight increased by 48% and 10%, respectively. The top (309 g) and root (18.9 g) fresh weight, and the top (90.5 g) and root (6.39 g) dry weight depending on rootstock were the highest in plants grafted onto ‘2017062’. The yield of tomatoes in a plastic greenhouse (19.5 MT/ha) was 65% higher than that of open field (11.8 MT/ha). The yield of tomatoes depending on rootstock were the highest in ‘2017062’ (17.8 MT/ha). The effect of cultivation practice and grafting on pH and sugar content (oBrix) of the fruit was non-significant difference (p0.05). The scion diameter, top fresh weight, fruit weight and yield (MT/ha) were significant difference (p0.05) in the interaction effect between tomato cultivation practices (plastic greenhouse and open field) and rootstock.

담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci)는 광식성 해충으로 토마토황화잎말림바이러스(Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus; TYLCV), 카사바갈색줄무늬병 (Cassava Brown Streak Disease; CBSD)를 매개하는 해충이다. 담배가루이 방제를 위해 화학적 방제가 주로 시행되지만 저항성으로 인한 한계로 인 해 종합적해충방제를 위한 고정정확도를 이용한 표본조사법(Fixed precision sampling plan)을 개발하였다. 표본추출은 토마토 식물이 50 cm 높이의 레일 위에 위치한 배지를 이용해 재배되고 있어 배지로부터 130 cm 이상(지상에서 180 cm 이상)을 상단, 70 cm~100 cm (지상에서 120 cm~150 cm)를 중단, 50 cm 이하(지상에서 100 cm 이하)를 하단으로 나누어 각 위치별 토마토 7엽의 잎 뒷면에서 관찰된 담배가루이 노숙 유충 마리 수를 조사 하였다. 담배가루이 노숙유충은 이동성이 거의 없어 알에서 우화한 뒤 고착화하여 용과 성충 단계를 거치기 때문에 중단, 하단에 밀도가 높았다. 공간분 포분석은 Taylor’s power law (TPL)를 이용하여 도출된 TPL의 회귀계수를 통해 분석하였고, TPL 계수의 차이는 공분산분석(ANCOVA)하여 차이 가 없어 자료를 통합(pooling)하여 계산된 새로운 TPL 계수를 이용하여 표본추출정지선과 방제의사결정법을 개발하였다. 개발된 표본추출법의 적합 성을 판단하기 위해 분석에 사용하지 않은 독립된 자료를 이용하여 Resampling Validation for Sampling Plan (RVSP) 프로그램으로 평가하였다.

Tomato is one of the major widely cultivated crops around the world. The leaf area is directly related to the total amount of photosynthesis, which affects the yield and quality of the fruit. Traditional methods of measuring the leaf area are time-consuming and can cause damage to the leaves. To address these problems, various studies are being conducted for measuring the leaf area. In this study, we introduced a model to estimate the leaf area using images of tomatoes. Using images captured by a camera, we measured the leaf length and width and used linear regression analysis to derive the leaf area estimation formula. Furthermore, we used a Neural Network (NN) for additional analysis to compare the accuracy of the models. Initially, to verify the reliability of the image data, we conducted a correlation analysis between the actual measurement data and the image data, which showed a high positive correlation. The leaf area estimation model presented 23 estimation formulas. We used regression analysis to estimate the coefficients of each model and also used employed an artificial neural network analysis to derive high R-squared (R2) values and low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. Among the estimation formulas, the ninth model showed the highest reliability with an R-squared value of 0.863. We conducted a verification experiment to confirm the accuracy of the selected model, and the R-squared value was 0.925. This study confirmed the reliability of data measured from images and the reliability of the leaf area estimation model using image data. These methods are expected to be an important tool in agriculture, using imaging equipment for measuring and monitoring the crop growth.