With the evolving nature of modern warfare and the rapid advancement of technology, Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) has emerged as a core element of future air power. This study systematically identifies evaluation measures for assessing the mission effectiveness of MUM-T in the context of Air Force operations. To this end, a survey of experienced fighter pilots was conducted to derive mission scenarios suitable for MUM-T, and statistical analysis led to the selection of five scenarios. Subsequently, comprehensive evaluation measures for each selected scenario were derived through literature review and expert interviews, and their validity and expert consensus were verified using the Delphi method. Finally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to calculate the relative importance of the evaluation measures (secondary measures only) for each scenario, and a formula-based model was proposed. The findings of this study provide a quantitative evaluation framework for verifying MUM-T mission effectiveness using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) tools, and are expected to serve as a foundational basis for weapon system acquisition and the development of operational concepts.

This study investigates the effects of digital interface structure on the operational performance of unmanned and manned–unmanned integrated mechanical systems from a human factors perspective. Using case-based comparative analysis, changes in response time, operation error rate, and situational awareness accuracy before and after interface redesign were examined. The results indicate that improvements in interface integration, procedural simplification, and consistency significantly enhance operational performance without modifying mechanical hardware or control algorithms. The study highlights the importance of incorporating human factors engineering into the early design and evaluation stages of complex mechanical systems.

본 연구는 화장품 무인매장의 서비스품질이 고객만족과 행동의도에 미치는 영향과 신뢰성의 조 절효과를 검증하고자 하고자 화장품 무인매장 방문 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실 시하였다. 총 208부의 설문을 SPSS 27.0으로 분석한 결과, 서비스품질 요인 모두가 고객만족과 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 고객만족 또한 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 신뢰성은 고객만족과 행동의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치고, 서비스품질과 고객만족 및 행동의도 간의 관계에서 조절 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 무인매장 운영 시 기능적·경험적 서비스품질과 신뢰성 제고가 고객만족과 행동의도 강화를 위한 핵심 요인임을 시사한다.

전통적으로 선박은 사람이 탑승하여 조종하였지만 오늘날 선박, 인공지능, 정보통신을 비롯한 과학기술의 발전으로, 사람이 조종하지 않아도 독립적으로 항해하는 자율운항선박이 등장하였다. 그런데 무인잠수항행기기(unmanned under water vehicle)는 자율운항선박이 등장하기 이전부터 해양과학조사와 수 로측량, 해저자원 탐사·개발 등에 사용되었으며, 해양과학과 해양산업의 필수 적인 장비로 사용되고 있다. 무인잠수항행기기는 형태와 기능에 따라 원격조종 잠수정(ROV), 자율운항수중이동체(AUV), 해양글라이더(OG)로 구분되며, 자율운항선박과 마찬가지로 수밀성·부유성, 적재성, 이동성이 있으므로, 수중에서 항 행과 화물수송이 가능하다. 이러한 무인잠수항행기기의 다양한 해양 활동에도 불구하고, 그 법적 지위, 특히 선박성에 대해서는 명확하게 정리되지 못하고 있으며 회색지대(gray zone)에 놓여있다. 현재, 무인잠수항행기기는 원격 또는 자율 수중선박 또는 수중장비로서 해양 과학연구와 해양산업발전의 중요한 수단이 되었다. 이러한 무인잠수항행기기 의 다양한 기능에도 불구하고, 그 법적 지위에 관한 해석이 수행된 사례가 없다. 이 논문에서는 무인잠수항행기기의 법적 지위에 관하여 해양법·해사협약, 국 내법 중심의 문언상 해석과 실무 중심의 기능상 해석을 수행하고, 그 법적 지 위에 관하여 해석론적 결론과 합리적 운용 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

In this paper, a water rescue mission system was developed for water safety management areas by utilizing unmanned mobility( drone systems) and AI-based visual recognition technology to enable automatic detection and localization of drowning persons, allowing timely response within the golden time. First, we detected suspected human subjects in daytime and nighttime videos, then estimated human skeleton-based poses to extract human features and patterns using LSTM models. After detecting the drowning person, we proposed an algorithm to obtain accurate GPS location information of the drowning person for rescue activities. In our experimental results, the accuracy of the Drown detection rate is 80.1% as F1-Score, and the average error of position estimation is about 0.29 meters.

This study developed an unmanned autonomous moving algae collection device (HAMA-bot) to remove high-density algae concentrated in the waterfront of urban agricultural reservoirs, and analyzed the effect of algae removal after field application to medium-sized urban reservoir. The algae reduction effect (Chl-a) of the study site in the reservoir by the HAMA-bot operation showed an average 18.5% higher in the treatment area compared to the control area before operation, while the average reduction of 24% in the treatment area after operation. In addition, the Chl-a removal rate, which directly analyzed the influent and effluent of HAMA-bot, showed a very high level with an average of 96.9% (94.7~99.2%). Currently, it is optimized for urban reservoirs and manufactured on a small scale, but it is a useful tool that can be applied on a large scale to large dams and rivers, and it is considered that the field applicability would be improved with the optimized scale.

The diversity of smart EV(electric vehicle)-related industries is increasing due to the growth of battery-based eco-friendly electric vehicle component material technology, and labor-intensive industries such as logistics, manufacturing, food, agriculture, and service have invested in and studied automation for a long time. Accordingly, various types of robots such as autonomous mobile robots and collaborative robots are being utilized for each process to improve industrial engineering such as optimization, productivity management, and work management. The technology that should accompany this unmanned automobile industry is unmanned automatic charging technology, and if autonomous mobile robots are manually charged, the utility of autonomous mobile robots will not be maximized. In this paper, we conducted a study on the technology of unmanned charging of autonomous mobile robots using charging terminal docking and undocking technology using an unmanned charging system composed of hardware such as a monocular camera, multi-joint robot, gripper, and server. In an experiment to evaluate the performance of the system, the average charging terminal recognition rate was 98%, and the average charging terminal recognition speed was 0.0099 seconds. In addition, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the docking and undocking success rate of the charging terminal, and the experimental results showed an average success rate of 99%.

As technologies have been more quickly developed in this 4th Industry Revolution era, their application to defense industry has been also growing. With these much advanced technologies, we attempt to use Manned-Unmanned Teaming systems in various military operations. In this study, we consider the Location-Routing Problem for reconnaissance surveillance missions of the maritime manned-unmanned surface vehicles. As a solution technique, the two-phase method is presented. In the first location phase, the p-median problem is solved to determine which nodes are used as the seeds for the manned vehicles using Lagrangian relaxation with the subgradient method. In the second routing phase, using the results obtained from the location phase, the Vehicle Routing Problems are solved to determine the search routes of the unmanned vehicles by applying the Location Based Heuristic. For three network data sets, computational experiments are conducted to show the performance of the proposed two-phase method.

With the continuous development of science and technology, unmanned ship has gradually become a hot spot in the field of marine research. In practical applications, unmanned ships need to have long-range navigation and high efficiency, so that they can accurately perform tasks in the marine environment. As one of the key technologies of unmanned ship, path planning is of great significance to improve the endurance of unmanned ship. In order to meet the requirements, this paper proposes a path planning method for long distance unmanned ships based on reinforcement learning angle precedence ant colony improvement algorithm. Firstly, canny operator is used to automatically extract navigation environment information, and then MAKLINK graph theory is applied for environment modelling. Finally, the basic ant colony algorithm is improved and applied to the path planning of unmanned ship to generate an optimal path. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional ant colony algorithm, the path planning method based on the improved ant colony algorithm can achieve a voyage duration of nearly 7 km for unmanned ships under the same sailing environment, which has certain practicability and popularization value.

본 연구에서는 무인항공기인 드론을 활용한 VDMS(Vision-based Displacement Measurement System)를 통해 동적변위계측 정 확도와 동특성 추정 신뢰성 검증을 위한 동적실험을 실시하였다. 비행하는 드론의 이동 및 회전진동을 보정하기 위해 영상 내부의 변 위가 발생하지 않는 고정점을 활용한 보정밥법을 사용하였으며, 검증을 위해 설치한 범용 센서인 LVDT와 LDS의 변위계측 결과와 비 교하여 그 오차를 시간영역과 진동수영역에서 분석하였다. 3가지 타입의 장비 모두 최대 변위 도달 및 주기 운동 계측에 있어서 대체 적으로 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. LDS 기준의 오차 분석 결과, 드론과 LVDT는 가진 진동수 변화에 의한 오차 값은 미비하나, 최대 발생 변위가 작을수록 오차 값은 증가하였다.