For this study, we established a system for the CPU cooling performance evaluation and conducted performance tests on air-cooling and water-cooling to understand the effect of the CPU cooling method on performance. For the performance evaluation, the test chamber and water-cooling system were set up, the workload S/W was selected, and a case file was created. In the case of the air-cooling, the CPU temperature is sensitively affected by the outside air temperature, the direction of the board installation, and the influence of the airflow formed around it, and may cause a lot of fluctuations in the CPU temperature. When the water-cooling system was applied, the CPU temperature decreased from 75℃℃ to 37℃ compared to the air-cooled type under the test conditions of 28.5℃ and 3LPM cooling water supply temperature and flow rate. As the CPU clock speed increased due to the decrease in temperature, it was found that the job execution time was reduced by 15~23%. In the future, it is expected that using this performance evaluation environment established through this study will enable us to easily conduct test evaluations for various processors, cooling methods, and changes in operating conditions.

Deep learning models, which imitate the function of human brain, have drawn attention from many engineering fields (mechanical, agricultural, and computer engineering etc). The major advantages of deep learning in engineering fields can be summarized by objects detection, classification, and time-series prediction. As well, it has been applied into environmental science and engineering fields. Here, we compiled our previous attempts to apply deep learning models in water-environment field and presented the future opportunities.

본 연구는 서해에 위치한 영광 연안해역의 해양수질환경 및 해저퇴적물 환경을 파악하여 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. 영광 안마도 인근 해역의 21개 정점을 선정하여 2020년 7월에 조사를 실시하였다. 표층해수는 고무 용질의 소형바스켓, 저층은 Van Dorn 채수기를 이용하여 채수하였고, 퇴적물은 Van Veen grab sampler로 채취하였다. 분석항목은 수온, 염분, DO, COD, 영양염류 등 13개의 항목이며, ‘해양환경공정시험기준(해양수산부, 2019)’에 준하여 분석을 실시하였다. 수온은 21.20 ~ 24.20℃, 염분은 31.35 ~ 32.53 psu, 수소이온농도 는 7.62 ~ 8.06, 투명도는 0.20 ~ 3.10 m, 부유물질 농도는 47.00 ~ 455.20 mg/L, COD의 경우에는 0.42 ~ 3.78 mg/L, Chl-a는 0.70 ~ 5.51 μg/L, 용존 무기질소는 0.28 ~ 4.17 uM, 인산은 0.24 ~ 1.14 uM, 규산 규소는 16.28 ~ 35.35 uM, 총 질소는 0.186 ~ 0.542 mg/L, 총 인의 경우 0.037 ~ 0.111 mg/L 의 범위를 나타내었다. 퇴적물 COD의 경우 일본수산용수기준치인 20 mg/g-dry(일본수산자원보호협회편, 2000)보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 주성분 분석을 실시하여 해역의 특성을 파악하였다.

본 연구는 남해에 위치한 광양만 해역의 해양수질환경 및 해저퇴적물 환경을 파악하여 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. 광양만 인근 해역의 12개 정점을 선정하여 2020년 5월 춘계, 2020년 8월 하계에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 표층 해수는 고무 용질의 소형바스켓, 저층은 Van Dorn 채수기를 이용하여 채수하였고, 퇴적물은 Van Veen grab sampler로 채취하였다. 분석항목은 수온, 염분, DO, COD, 영양염 류 등 13개의 항목이며, ‘해양환경공정시험기준(해양수산부, 2019)’에 준하여 분석을 실시하였다. 수온은 평균 16.11 ~ 25.66 ℃, 염분은 평 균 5.24 ~ 32.23 psu, 수소이온농도는 평균 7.87 ~ 8.19, 투명도는 0.83 ~ 1.76 m, 부유물질 농도는 평균 8.12 ~ 18.74 mg/L, COD의 경우에는 평균 0.74 ~ 1.81 mg/L, Chl-a는 평균 0.26 ~ 1.61 μg/L, 용존 무기질소는 평균 2.57 ~ 22.31 uM, 인산은 평균 0.18 ~ 0.71 uM, 규산 규소는 평 균 26.35 ~ 122.35 uM, 총 질소는 평균 0.121 ~ 1.008 mg/L, 총 인의 경우, 평균 0.025 ~ 0.082 mg/L 의 범위를 나타내었다. 퇴적물 COD의 경우 일본수산용수기준치인 20mg/g-dry(일본수산자원보호협회편, 2000)을 적용한 결과 춘계에는 넘지 않았으나 하계에는 다소 넘는 것을 나타내었다. 또한 주성분 분석을 실시하여 해역의 특성을 파악하였다.

본 연구는 남해에 위치한 동중국해 해역의 해양수질환경 및 해저퇴적물 환경을 파악하여 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. 동중 국해 해역의 24개 정점을 선정하여 2019년 8월 하계, 2020년 8월 하계에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 표층 해수는 고무 용질의 소형바스켓, 저층은 CTD 채수기를 이용하여 채수하였고, 퇴적물은 Van Veen grab sampler로 채취하였다. 분석항목은 수온, 염분, DO, COD, 영양염류 등 13개의 항목이며, ‘해양환경공정시험기준(해양수산부, 2019)’에 준하여 분석을 실시하였다. 표층에서 수온은 평균 27.72 ~ 28.44℃, 염분 은 평균 28.13 ~ 28.81 psu, 수소이온농도는 평균 7.19 ~ 7.80, 부유물질 농도는 평균 7.12 ~ 10.17 mg/L, COD의 경우에는 평균 2.23 ~ 2.50 mg/L, Chl-a는 평균 0.61 ~ 0.72 μg/L, 용존 무기질소는 평균 1.96 ~ 5.38 uM, 인산은 평균 0.06 ~ 0.07 uM, 규산 규소는 평균 7.53 ~ 14.09 uM, 총 질소는 평균 0.230 ~ 0.510 mg/L, 총 인의 경우, 평균 0.020 ~ 0.030 mg/L의 범위를 나타내었다. 퇴적물 COD의 경우 일본수산용수기준치인 20 mg/g-dry (일본수산자원보호협회편, 2000)보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 주성분 분석을 실시하여 해역의 특성을 파악하였다.

With growing expectations for economic cooperation between the two Koreas, there is much interest in participating in the construction of infrastructure in North Korea. In particular, water and sewage infrastructure is the four major social infrastructures in addition to housing, transportation, electricity and telecommunications. North Korea is known to have severe water pollution and ecosystem destruction in major rivers, water pollution and soil pollution in mining areas are serious, and water and sewage infrastructures in cities other than Pyongyang are known to be weak. Preemptive investment in water supply and drainage in North Korea is the foundation for securing the quality of life of the North Korean and is the foundation of public health and industry. It is a leading investment to reduce the cost of unification and is a new growth engine for the water reloded industry. In this study, we proposed a plan to exchange and cooperate in water environment for building water infrastructure of North Korea by examining the data related to water quality, water resources, water disaster, related legal system and human resources exchange situations in North Korea.

물 유거(Run-off)에 따른 토양유실량을 자동정량하고자 ISCO 6712 수질환경 종합측정장치를 이용하여 토양유실량 추정장치를 고안하였고, 이 장치를 통해 실시간으로 유실되는 토양량을 추정할 수 있었다. 토양유실량 추정장치는 ISCO 6712 장치에 수위계(ISCO 730), 우량계(ISCO 674) 그리고 흙탕물을 받는 저수조 내에 층위 별로 흙탕물을 자동으로 채취할 수 있는 시설을 추가하였다. 1 × 5 m2 크기, 경사 15 %의 라이시미터(lysimeter) 내 석비레(Saprolite) 토양에 옥수수를 심어 실험한 결과 2017년 1회 강우량 161.3 ㎜의 강우사상에서는 실측 토양유실량의 85.1%, 82.6 ㎜ 강우사상에서는 101.7 %의 토양량을 추정하였다.

Since the discovery of the first artificial synthetic plastic, bakelite, polymer materials have been recognized as one of the most innovative fields of research. The plastic debris that is being piled up on the earth (called abandoned plastic litters) is now being observed everywhere on Earth, becoming an increasingly serious environmental threat. The term 'microplastics', created in 2004, now refers to plastic particles that are smaller than 5 mm, including all nano-sized plastic particles. However, there is no legal regulation, and there is still a lack of comprehensive definitions that practically include microplastic size standards. In this study, we will refer to “microplastics” as the English name, and look at how to identify these microplastics and propose new definitions that focus on their size. This study is expected to contribute to the domestic consensus on scientific definitions of microplastics.

The results of internal temperature. productivity and immunity analysis of the laying hen house by the thermal environment and the supply of cold drinking water were as follows. The external temperature was changed from the minimum of 18℃ at night and the maximum of 36℃ during the day, and the internal temperature of the laying hens varied from 20~31℃. Thermal imaging analysis showed that the body temperature of the laying hen decreased by 2.4℃ with the supply of drinking water. The laying hen amount increased 2.36g and laying hen rate increased 3.62%p. Albumin increased 6.1%, decreased AST 15%, and decreased cholesterol 12.7%. Immune activators increased and T cells and B cells increased to increase immunity.

동해 연안의 영양염의 장기간 변동 특성을 파악하기 위하여 2013년부터 2017년까지 5년간 격월별로 속초, 죽변, 감포 연안의 3개 정점에서 수온, 염분, 용존산소, 영양염을 조사하였다. 5년 동안 동해연안에서 수온은 1.2∼28.8 ℃, 염분은 30.63∼34.79, 용존산소는 3.53∼7.64 mL/L의 범위였으며 수온의 연직분포 변동에 따라 환경요인들의 분포와 변동이 결정되고 있었고, 북한한류수의 남하 유입에 의해 2015년과 2016년에 속초연안에서 용존산소가 높게 나타났다. 용존무기질소(DIN, NH4-N+NO2-N+NO3-N)의 농도는 0.11∼24.19 μM, 인산 인의 농도는 0.01∼1.75 μM, 규산 규소의 농도는 0.17∼32.80 μM의 범위 내에서 변동하였다. 동해연안의 N:P 비는 0.7∼54.3(평균 15.2), N:P 기울기는 해역별로 11.67∼13.75의 범위로, Redfield 비(16)보다 낮아, 동해연안에서는 대체로 질산 질소가 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 제한하는 영양염인 것으로 나타났다. 전체 N:P 기울기의 상관관계(R2)는 0.95로 높아 주변 육상 또는 비점오염원의 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 동해 연안에서 영양염의 시·공간적 변동은 수온의 성층구조 변동에 따른 저층 영양염의 혼합에 따라 결정되었으며, 외부 수괴 유입과 연안 용승 등의 물리적 요인에 의해 주로 영향을 받고, 육상으로부터 유입에 의한 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서 바이오플락 환경에서 적정 밀도 구간 산정을 위한 실험을 진행했으며, 본 실험의 결과 밀도 구간 Group 1 (40마리 m-2)과 Group 2 (60마리 m-2)에서는 수질 안정을 통해 생리적 변화 없이 13주간 실험이 이루어졌지만, 밀도 구간 Group 3 (80마리 m-2)과 Group 4 (100마리 m-2)에서는 아질산염 안정화 실패, 혈액성상 및 혈장성분의 변화를 나타내었다. 물론, 유수를 하지 않는 바이오플락 시스템 특성상 고밀도 구간에 따른 밀도 스트레스뿐만 아 니라, 고밀도 구간의 수질불안정에 따른 높은 암모니아 및 아질산 농도에 따른 영향도 복합적으로 고려해야 할 것이다. 본 실험의 결과 밀도 60마리 m-2까지의 밀도 구간에서 수질안정과 함께 혈액학적 성분의 유의적 변화 없이 100 g 크기의 넙치 사육양성에 적합할 것으로 보인다.

Glass wool is widely used as a typical soundproofing material because it has superior characteristics as a soundproofing material as well as excellent marketability. However, moisture penetration through condensation and cleaning up causes deterioration of insulation and soundproofing performance. In this study, we evaluate the wettability and sound absorption performance when the metal is deposited on the surface of glass wool. The performance is examined based on parameters such as the angle test, drying speed, the absorbency, the moisture content, the wettability. The wettability data shows that Cu coated glass wool is the best performance compaed to Ti coated one. The sound insulation characteristics are also compared by using the impedance tube. At the low frequency range, there is no difference among the test specimens, however, at the frequency above the 250 Hz range, Cu coating shows 10 % better in th sound asorption. Ti coating has almost same to the existing glasss wool performance. It turns out that metal coating on the glass wool seems to be very promising: the metal deposition reveals strong water repellency and sound absorption performance is equivalent to the existing glass wool.

Glass wool is a fiber made by melting sand and waste glass at high temperature. It has been used as an inorganic fiber for sound absorption, insulation, and non-combustible materials for automobiles, ships, and household appliances. However, the disadvantage comes from the moisture penetration through condensation and cleaning up so that it deteriorates insulation and soundproofing performance. In order to overcome the disadvantages of glass wool, we investigate the water repellency by plating metal on the surface of glass wool with Cu and Ti while coating stability is considered. The thickness of the deposited metal is about 300 nm. The deposition chemicals and the image of the specimen are analyzed by using SEM equipment. The electron microscopic result shows that quite amount of Cu and Ti metals are deposited on the glass wool surface.

This study aims at providing a basic data for the development of high energy efficient environment system in the cage (poultry buildings) and cold potable water supply to reduce the summer heat stress. For this study, the cage area size was 273m 2 and the air-to-water heat pump capacity was 20RT for heating and cooling. As the result of this study, the temperature of the drinking water supplied by heat pump was maintained at the set temperature of 15℃. However, the water temperature of control was 23~28 ℃ due to the effect of outside temperature. The average internal cage temperature was 25.3 ℃ in the test group and 28.1 ℃ in the control group, which was 2.8 ℃ higher than that of the control group. The relative humidity was 76.2% in the test group and 75.0% in the control group. The broiler drank 23.2 L / day in the test group and 21.5 L / day in the control group. Daily feed intake was 937 g and and 725 g in the cold water and control water respectively. The feed intake of 212 g was higher than that of cold water. The feeding rates were 1.8 and 1.9. Body weights were 1,523 g and 1,164 g in the cold water and control water respectively. The weight gain was 359 g in the test group fed with cold water and 392 g in the control group. When compared with the control group, the mortality rate was reduced by 84% in the cold water feeding test. It is necessary that future research will continue to reduce the incidence of such livestock accidents.’.