Cette étude s’intéresse à l’utilisation du manuel de FLE(français langue étrangère) comme moyen de promouvoir et revitaliser le cours de FLEdans des universités coréennes. L’expérience a été réalisée deux fois, en 2021 et en 2022 avec 64 étudiants. Ils sont invités à répondre au questionnaire. Publié par Didier, une maison d’édition en France, en 2018, le manuel “Bonjour et bienvenue A1.1 Coréanophones” a été choisi. D’un point de vue didactique, nous avons analysé comment l’enseignant a utilisé ce manuel au cours et comment les aprenants ont ressenti le manuel. Puis, nous avons observé les effets à l’apprentissage. Par conséquent, l’enseignant poursuit le parcours proposé par le manuel mais parfois l’employe de manière éclectique en fonction de la situation en classe. Les apprenants apprécient le manuel car ils trouvent bien pouvoir terminer le manuel à la fin du cours. Ils aiment son contenu d’apprentissage et ils pensent qu’il est très utile quand ils voyagent en France ou parlent de la vie quoitidienne avec des Francophones. Certains étudiants répondent que ce manuel leur aide à pouvoir se présenter en français.

K1A1 tank commander’s primary thermal sight is a device that enables tank commanders to detect, identify, aim and track the target by observing targets in all directions during day, night and in situations of smokescreen and fog through 360° rotation independent from the gunner’s primary thermal sight and stabilizing the line of sight even under the vibrations occurring when the tank is standstill and moving. The main function of this device is to detect and process visible and thermal images and deliver the final images to the tank commander. One of the core parts to that end is the observation window (daytime/ thermal image window). This core part is mounted at the entrance of the optical path for observing the target and plays the role of making visible light during the daytime and infrared light during the night pass through the target and transmitting the resultant images to the internal optical system of the tank commander’s primary thermal sight. Such core parts have been selected as depot maintenance items so that they are replaced by new parts instead of being recycled when they are subjected to maintenance in most cases. That is, the military budget is wasted because such parts are replaced by new parts despite that they can be recycled for maintenance. Therefore, this study proposed a mounting tool for polishing and coating observation windows (daytime and thermal image window) using planar polishing equipment and DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) coating equipment. In addition, this study presented an amendment (proposal) of the Depot Maintenance Work Request (DMWR) already published to verify the performance of recycled products including the establishment of inspection standards for recycling processes.

본 논문의 목적은 시중 A1 등급 교재 4종에 사용된 어휘의 등급별 분포와 어휘 반복 횟수를 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해 시중 A1 등급 교재 4종을 선택하여 ‘새단어’를 중심으로 어휘 등급 분포와 어휘 반복 횟수를 살펴보았다. 교재 4종 모두 1등급 이외의 어휘가 54%-68%로 너무 많았다. 등급 외 어휘들도 대단히 많았다. 교재 4종 모두 26-35%가 등급 외 어휘였다. 교재 4종의 1등급 반복 횟수 4회 이상의 어휘가 47-74%로 상대적으로 높은 수치를 보인다. 하지만 2등급은 반복 횟수 4회 이상의 어휘가 13-25%, 3등급의 경우 5-33%, 4-6등급은 0%, 등급 외 어휘들은 6-8%를 나타냈다. 전반적으로 어휘 반복 횟수가 상당히 낮음을 알 수 있다. 어휘 빈도수와 어휘 반복 횟수를 높이기 위해서는 나선형 혹은 순환형 주제 배열 교재와 기능 분리형 교재가 더욱 많아져야 한다.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein with pro-inflammatory cytokine-like properties. Recent studies have revealed that SAA promotes γδT cell to produce IL-17 and T helper 17 (Th17) cells differentiation and function. In this study, we established the hepatic SAA1 overexpressed transgenic mice (TG). In this mouse, IL-17 was significantly increased in conditional state by γδT cell. We revealed that SAA1 mediated IL-17 producing from γδT cell is dependent on TLR2. Moreover we immunized SAA1 TG mice with Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), which is well-known inducer of Th1 response and IFN-γ. We observed increased IL-17 secretion with increased Th17 cells and decreased IFN-γ, which is contrast to wild type mice (WT). In addition, we showed that locally increased transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) followed by Th17 cells polarization might involve in Th17 cell maintenance by suppressing the expression of T-bet, a key transcription factor for the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells. These data demonstrate that SAA1 represent potent endogenous protein that drives IL-17 induced inflammation by γδT cell partially through TLR2 and by Th17 cell. Also these increased IL-17 response maintained by TGF-β Smad2/3 signaling. Therefore we could say that SAA is central player in IL-17 related inflammatory response.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase response protein in the liver, and SAA1 is the major precursor protein involved in amyloid A amyloidosis. This amyloidosis has been reported as a complication in chronic inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, and Crohn's disease. Obesity is also associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation and sustained, elevated levels of SAA1. However, the contribution of elevated circulating SAA1 to metabolic disturbances and their complications is unclear. Furthermore, in several recent studies of transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing SAA1 that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a relatively short period, no relationship was found between SAA1 up-regulation and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, we generated TG mice overexpressing SAA1 in the liver, challenged these mice with an HFD, and investigated the influence of elevated SAA1 levels. Sustained, elevated levels of SAA1 were correlated with metabolic parameters and local cytokine expression in the liver following 16 weeks on the HFD. Moreover, prolonged consumption (52 weeks) of the HFD was associated with impaired glucose tolerance and elevated SAA1 levels and resulted in systemic SAA1-derived amyloid deposition in the kidney, liver, and spleen of TG mice. Thus, we concluded that elevated SAA1 levels under long-term HFD exposure result in extensive SAA1-derived amyloid deposits, which may contribute to the complications associated with HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders.

disease is a characterized by cognitive impairment, progressive neurodegeneration and formation of amyloid-β (Aβ)-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In progress of disease, inflammation plays major role to lead the neuronal death. Previously Serum amyloid A (SAA1), one of the acute-phase proteins, was examined and found that this liver derived protein pass through the brain blood barrier (BBB). By making double transgenic mice through the crossing over APP c105 mice, produce amyloid beta1-42 in brain as a pathogen, and SAA1 overexpression mice confirm the SAA exacerbate inflammation that triggered by amyloid beta accumulation in brain. Followed behavior test also shows double transgenic mice have more damage in memory than the APP mouse that only designed to express the amyloid beta 1-42.

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in blood, and ApoA1 genetic polymorphisms modulate the blood lipid profiles. This study was conducted in order to investigate the association between three genetic polymorphisms (rs670, rs5069, and rs5070) of ApoA1 and blood lipid profiles in postmenopausal Korean women. A total of 130 post- menopausal women who visited a hospital in order to undergo screening tests were subjects of this study. Genetic polymporphisms and blood lipid profiles were determined using a direct sequencing and spectrophotometric assay, respectively. A significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between all tested single nucleotide polymorphisms. ApoA1 rs5070 genetic polymorphism showed a marginally significant association with HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.066). After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, medication, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, we found that the ApoA1 rs5070 genetic polymorphism is a significant determinant of HDL cholesterol levels (β=4.421, p=0.037). According to the results of this study, ApoA1 rs5070 genetic polymorphism may be an important genetic marker associated with HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal Korean women.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and specific biomarkers are important needed to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and to forecast and monitor treatment efficiency. There are a lot of pathological factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), involved in the process of cancer initiation and progression. The oxidative modification of proteins by ROS is implicated in the etiology or progression of disorders and diseases. In this study, a labeling experiment with the thiol-modifying reagent biotinylated iodoacetamide (BIAM) revealed that a variety of proteins were differentially oxidized between normal and tumor tissues of ovarian cancer patients. To identify cysteine oxidation-sensitive proteins in ovarian cancer patients, we performed comparative analysis by nano-UPLC-MSE shotgun proteomics. We found oxidation-sensitive 22 proteins from 41 peptides containing cysteine oxidation. Using Ingenuity program, these proteins identified were established with canonical network related to cytoskeletal network, cellular organization and maintenance, and metabolism. Among oxidation-sensitive proteins, the modification pattern of Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain (COL6A1) was firstly confirmed between normal and tumor tissues of patients by 2-DE western blotting. This result suggested that COL6A1 might have cysteine oxidative modification in tumor tissue of ovarian cancer patients.

Na+/K+-ATPase, an energy-transducing ion pump, is responsible for maintenance of relatively high concentrations of potassium ions but low concentrations of sodium ions in the cell by transport of these ions across the plasma membrane. Na+/K+-ATPase consists of α, β, and γ subunits, but only α and β subunits are needed for basic functions. Na+/K+-ATPase is also involved in regulation of intracellular calcium ion concentration by coupling with Na+/Ca2+ exchanger involved in intracellular calcium extrusion. Our previous study showed that calcium regulatory molecules including Na+/Ca2+ exchanger are expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs, however, expression of Na+/K+-ATPase in the uterine endometrium has not been determined. Thus, we examined expression of α1 (ATP1A1) and β1 (ATP1- B1) subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of ATP1A1 m- RNA in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy were higher than those during mid and term pregnancy, and that levels of ATP1B1 mRNA were highest on day (D) 12 of the estrous cycle. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that ATP1A1 and ATP1B1 mRNAs were localized to luminal (LE) and glandular epithelia (GE) in the endometrium. During mid to term pregnancy, localization of ATP1A1 mRNA was confined to LE, GE, and chorionic membrane (CM) of areolae and ATP1- B1 mRNA was localized to LE, GE and CM with the strongest intensity in LE of areolae. Signal intensity of ATP1B1 mRNA in LE was slightly stronger than that in GE. RT-PCR analysis showed that ATP1A1 and ATP1B1 mRNAs were expressed in conceptuses on D12 and D15 of pregnancy. These results showed that ATP1A1 and ATP1B1 were expressed in the uterine endometrium and conceptuses during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a pregnancy status- and stage-specific manner. These suggest that Na+/K+-ATPase may play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy by regulating intracellular concentrations of various ions including calcium at the maternal-fetal interface in pigs.

Today, the world is marked by confusion and conflicts caused by a lack of leadership. The advance in science and civilization did not bring about a united and harmonious community. Rather, it the opposite phenomena is on the in crease . ln short, excessive materi ali stic affluence has made the soul of mankind desolate. Furthermore, many more people suffer from poverty and the feeling of alienation. The resulting sense of mutual distrust, accentuated by the feeling of comparative deprivation, and the generation gap has led to a state of conflict and confrontation. Thjs state is marked by a tendency towards globalization which is ruled by the logic of power and economics. This in tum has brought about the opposing trend towards regional bloc based on cultural homogeneity. The current general state of affairs calls for a leader capable of providing the necessary leadership to solve the global crisis and confusion and mediate conflicts and reestablish order The current world leadership is lacking in piety and moderation which led them to fa Jl as slaves towards power and materialism. They display clear signs of moral f1aws as they foster distrust among the people, making them move about in confusion amidst the insecure and uneasy world. The res ult of this is a strong distrust towards the current leadership. Thus, the leadership capable of solving these problems must not only be able to realize harmony and unity but must be based on the fundamentally alσuistic， cornmunal and ever-σustful faith of Christian spiri t. The answer, then , lies in the scriptural leadership based on Christian faith. The Scripture teaches us the meaning of true leadership through the image of self-sacrifice. What enables the leader to overcome self-love and see things in an objective way, gives him the ability to control himself, work for the kingdom of God, seek after the spirit of love and unity and overcome all obstacles is the leadership deriving from mission spirit. Historically, young Christians have taken a leading role in this matter. In particular, during the eighteenth century which is marked by confusion, fear and conflicts, young Christians such as Wesley and Whitfield had attempted to solve the many social, political, and economical problems through the practice of spiritual and religious movements such as spiritual revival movements and student mission movements. The reason they were successful was because the young Christians were visionaries armed with open-mindedness and adaptability. The young Christian mission leadership burns with a sense of altruistic purpose and they are filled with a vision, constantly examines themselves and praying for guidance in order to stay true to God’s purpose. As long as they accentuate the vision received from God, grow into leaders deserving of trust and responsibility, maintain the healthY and balanced development of body and spirit, train in the di scipleship, and add hurnility to these, then, they can acquire σue leadership qualities as light and salt to the world. The leadership crisis of the world can be overcome by young Christian mission leadership characterized by its oneness, unity and harrnony, mutual love, efforts to reduce division and conflict, trust and responsibility. The cause of leadership void in the wor1d is selfcenteredness that inhibits efforts to overcome oneself. There can be no alternative world leadership save by following the teachings of Jesus who died for others and taught others to do likewise. Through such leadership, we can overcome unreasonable and conflicting state of affairs and work towards changing the world ruled not by the will of people but where God’s righteousness flows like a river.

With the progress of industrial technology, industrial machinery and home appliances have multi-function and high performances by the electronic control technology. Various results are given from the measuring switching induction noise according to environmental condition and its effects cannot be predicted accurately. Therefore, the output results should be analyzed and applied to practical work. To minimize the false operation, Taguchi Method used to solve the quality problem is adopted to analyze the characteristics within the constrained measuring level.