To identify effective methods for boosting incidental vocabulary learning, this study examines the impacts of two tools—bimodal presentation (BP) and lexical elaboration (LE)—on vocabulary acquisition through repeated encounters with target words during meaning-focused reading. In a quiet and comfortable place conducive to full concentration on reading comprehension, 80 L2 learners of English were assigned to one of four treatment groups (BP+LE+, BP+LE-, BP-LE+, and BP-LE-) and individually read three reading passages where target words appeared four times. Surprise posttests assessed meaning recognition and meaning recall. The results of this ecologically valid experiment show significant vocabulary learning through reading, with BP notably enhancing meaning recall. Although the main effect of LE was non-significant, LE was also significantly effective for both meaning recognition and meaning recall if it was noticed by participants. These findings suggest that BP and LE can serve as valuable tools for promoting vocabulary acquisition during meaning-centered reading.

This study reports the results of an open-ended questionnaire on the experiences of Korean university students who worked on task-based L2 bimodal collaborative writing enhanced by technology. Thirty-six English major students developed a reading text for 2nd-grade middle school students. Using Microsoft TEAMS as the main platform, participants conducted the collaborative writing task using real-time video conferencing, chatting, commenting, file and image posting, and (a)synchronous feedback/revision functions. Participants 1) used multiple tools to maximize their functions, 2) interacted collaboratively in every writing stage to achieve success, and 3) evaluated the quality of collaborative writing more highly than individual writing and perceived the positive impacts of collaborative writing on L2 writing in audience awareness, paraphrasing technique, and linguistic expressions. The levels of visual editing skills and awareness of online image copyright among students varied.

Diamond reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (diamond/SiC) with high thermal conductivity were prepared by tape casting combined with Si vapor infiltration for thermal management application. The effects of the mixing mode of bimodal diamond particles on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed. The results reveal that the thermal conductivity of composites is affected significantly by mixing mode of diamond. In general, when the content of large diamond remains constant, adding a slight amount of small diamond was found to be effective in improving the thermal conductivity of the composite. However, excess small diamonds added will decrease thermal conductivity due to its high interfacial thermal resistance. The maximum thermal conductivity of obtained diamond/SiC is 469 W/(m K) when 38 vol% large diamond and 4 vol% small diamond were added. Such a result can be attributed to the formation of efficient heat transfer channels within the composite and sound interfacial bonding between diamond and SiC phase. Diamond/SiC with high thermal conductivity are expected to be the next generation of electronic packaging substrate.

PURPOSES :This study was initiated to estimate the utilities of usage attributes of BRT and Bimodal Trams using a conjoint analysis method in order to identify the important features pertaining to the use of BRT and Bimodal Trams.METHODS :For this purpose, important attributes and those level in the use of BRT and Bimodal Trams in the city of Sejong were identified. Next, a profile questionnaire pertaining to BRT and Bimodal Trams was designed for the conjoint analysis, and a survey was conducted in the city of Sejong. Using SPSS software, conjoint analysis was performed to identify the important attributes vis｀-a-vis the use of BRT and Bimodal Trams in the city of Sejong. Finally, the utilities for individual attributes were calculated based on the models estimated by the conjoint analysis.RESULTS :The results of the conjoint analysis were used to identify the important attributes. With regard to the usage of BRT, users indicated that fare was the most important attribute with the highest utility. In the case of Bimodal Trams, the users indicated that the number of seats and internal environment were the most important attributes with the highest utilities.CONCLUSIONS :Based on the results of the conjoint analysis, the important attributes pertaining to the use of BRT and Bimodal Trams in the city of Sejong were identified. Our study indicates that BRT in the city of Sejong needs to be upgraded to improve the utilities of the important attributes. Currently, Bimodal Trams has not been introduced completely in the city of Sejong. However, in the future, when the introduction of Bimodal Trams is completed, the important attributes should be emphasized in order to improve the quality of its service.

The adult activity of M. alternatus caught in a pheromone trap showed a bimodal form consisted of the first peak in mid to late June and the second peak in mid to late September in Jeju area, Korea. The two peaks were separated apparently between mid and late August, showing a valley. The pine trees without oleoresin flow were abundant during early July to early August, and declined thereafter, which did not match with the valley of adult activity curve. Thus, the hypothesis that dying pine trees attract much strongly M. alternatus adults than that of pheromone lures may not fully explain the bimodal pattern, because the first adult activity peak occurred during the peak period of dying pine trees and it declined with decreasing dying pine trees. The accumulated degree-days showed that the emergence of the 2nd generation adults could occur before the second peak when the diapause ecology of M. alternatus was not considered. The voltinism of M. alternatus can affect basically the control strategy of this pest. Consequently, further studies are required to find out clearly the voltinism of M. alternatus in Korea.

층면구조 안정성 다이어그램은 층면구조가 주어진 입도와 유속에서 나타나는 층면구조의 모양과 크기를 지시한다. 이 다이어그램은 대부분 수조실험에 의해 획득한 실험 데이터를 기반으로 작성되었다. 일반적으로, 수조실험은 입자의 크기와 유속사이의 관계를 이해하기 위해 분급이 좋고 단일입도의 분포를 보이는 퇴적물을 이용하여 수행되었다. 이 다이어그램에 의하면, 세립사와 중립사 퇴적물 표면에서 유속이 빨라지면서, 평행층에서 연흔이 형성되기 시작한다. 이 연구의 목적은 층면구조 안정성 다이어그램의 결과가 실험을 통하여 잘 재현되는지를 확인하고, 분급이 좋은 퇴적물과 달리 분급이 불량한 경우인 이정 입도 분포를 보이는 사질 퇴적물에서도 잘 재현되는지 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구 실험 결과는 2D 연흔이나 3D 연흔 층면구조가 형성되기 위해서, 분급이 불량한 퇴적물의 경우에, 분급이 좋은 퇴적물보다 더 높은 유체의 유속과 전단응력이 필요하다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 탄산염 퇴적물은 수력학적 분급작용이 활발하지 않으며, 퇴적물의 구성이 알로켐과 기질로 이루어지는 이정 입도 분포를 보이는 퇴적물로서 일반적으로 분급이 불량한 특징을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 실험의 결과는 탄산염 퇴적물에서 층면구조 형성을 위해 쇄설성 퇴적환경의 퇴적물 보다 더 높은 유속이 필요할 수 있음을 제안하고 있다. 분급이 불량한 퇴적물 입자가 침식되어 이동기 위해 더 높은 에너지와 유속이 필요하다는 것은 분급 효과, 마찰 효과, 안정성 효과, 갑옷 효과 등이 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 설명될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 예비적 고찰로서, 이어지는 연구를 통해 이러한 현상을 과학적으로 설명하고 입도와 층면구조 형성의 상관성을 보다 정교하게 규명하고자 한다.

이군집 응집현상은 수자원환경에서 점착성 유사가 결합-해체의 과정을 통해 응집핵-응집체의 이군집 입자크기분포(Biomodal Floc Size Distribution)를 형성하는 일련의 과정을 의미한다. 본 연구는 저난류 및 고난류 두 가지 조건에서 수행한 응집-침전관 실험결과를 바탕으로 이군집 응집모형(TCPBE: Two Class Population Balance Equation)의 적용성을 단일군집 응집모형(SCPBE: Single Class Population Balance Equation) 및 다군집 응집모형(MCPBE: Multi Class Population Balance Equation)과 비교·평가하였다. 기존 SCPBE에 비하여, TCPBE는 응집핵-응집체의 상호작용 및 침강속도차에 따른 응집 기작을 모의할 수 있었다. 또한, 3개의 연립미분방정식을 가진 TCPBE는 30개 미분방정식을 가진 다군집 응집모형(MCPBE: Multi Class Population Balance Equation)과 대등한 모의 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 TCPBE는 이군집 응집현상을 모의 할 수 있는 가장 단순한 모델로 검증되었고, 향후 수자원환경이나 수처리 공정에 다양하게 적용할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

After test track was constructed in 2009, maintenance works have performed for 14 months to check the stability of station for bimodal tram. Consequently, station’s main body, infrastructure system as gate and ticket machine, passenger safety system, service information and guidance system, and operation management system have no problems except for minor problems such as main body’s acrylic products falling.

After test track was constructed in 2009, maintenance works have performed for 14 months to check the stability of dedicated lane. Consequently, we get to know to keep the bleaching of signs and the crack of road surface in mind for effective maintenance of the dedicated lane hereafter. And dedicated lane with natural lawn is expected to decrease the heat island effect of conventional road if constr

The observed distribution of a blending-corrected sample of Einstein ring crossing times, tE, for microlensing events toward the galactic bulge/bar are analyzed. An inspection of the distribution of crossing times suggests that it may be bimodal, indicating that two populations of lenses could be responsible for observed microlensing events. Given the possibility that microlensing in this direction can be due to the two most common classes of stars, main-sequence and white dwarf, we analyze and show via Monte Carlo simulations that the observed bimodality of tE can be derived from their accepted mass functions, and the density distributions of both stellar populations in the galactic disk and bulge/bar, with a transverse velocity distribution that is consistent with the density distribution. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) one sample tests shows that a white dwarf population of about 25% of all stars in the galaxy agrees well with the observed bimodality with a KS significance level greater than 97%. This is an expanded and updated version of a previous investigation (Wickramasinghe, Neusima, & Struble, in Mao 2008). A power-point version of the talk, with introductory figures, is found at: https://sites.google.com/site/rhkochconference/agenda-1/program.

본 연구에서는 현재 신교통 수단으로 연구 중인 바이모달 트램의 전용 교량을 개발하는데 있어 바이모달 트램 운행 특성을 고려한 실물크기의 중공화된 프리캐스트 바닥판을 새롭게 설계․제작하여, 신뢰성 있는 비선형 유한요소해석 프로그램(RCAHEST)을 통한 해석 결과와의 비교․분석을 바탕으로 적합성과 타당성을 검증하였다. 하중 재하 위치를 변수로 실험을 수행하여 설계 하중에 비하여 약 8∼9배의 충분한 안전율을 확보하고 있음을 확인하였으며, 본 연구에서 적용한 재료적 비선형성을 고려한 비선형 유한요소해석 프로그램을 통한 해석 결과 역시 콘크리트의 균열 발생 및 철근의 항복을 포함한 파괴시까지의 극한 거동 특성을 비교적 적절히 평가하고 있음을 알 수 있다.