With the rise of social media platforms, influencer marketing has become an essential tool for marketers to promote their products and services. Value co-creation behavior of influencers involves collaborating with their followers and brands to create content that provides value to their audience. This approach can help to build stronger relationships with followers and drive engagement and sales for the brands they work with.

This study explores the role of the digital communication in determining customers’ e-service agent use behavior and examines whether perceived communicator authority interacts with communication style toward strengthening or weakening future e-service agent use intention. The results of this study provide pioneering evidence on the effects of digital service communication strategies. This study contributes to digital service research by exploring the communication strategies of e-service agents. Results also provide implications for practitioners on how to achieve most out of deploying digital communications in the digital customer service platform.

본 연구는 국내 수상스포츠 시설의 서비스스케이프가 고객만족 및 참여행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하여 운영방안의 기초자료를 제공하고자 했다. 따라서 수상스포츠 시설을 경험한 사람들 중 20대 이상 참여자를 표본으로 선정했다. 조사는 2022년 4월 25일부터 7월 15일까지 비대면으로 실시했 으며, 총 243부의 데이터를 최종 분석에 이용했다. 자료처리는 SPSS(ver. 21.0) 프로그램을 활용해 빈도분 석, 탐색적 요인분석, 문항내적일관성, 상관분석, 단순 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시했다. 본 연구의 주요 결과, 첫째, 수상스포츠 시설 서비스스케이프가 편리성, 공감성, 시설환경 순으로 가치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘쨰, 수상스포츠 시설 고객만족이 참여행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 수상스포 츠 시설 서비스스케이프가 시설환경, 서비스, 편의성, 공감성 순으로 참여행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나 타났다.

본 연구의 목적은 피부전문가들이 경험한 고객 불량행동이 감정부조화 및 서비스 사보타주에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 연구의 목적달성을 위해 서울. 경기지역 피부전문가 383명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 분석방법은 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 이 와 같은 연구절차를 거쳐 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 고객 불량행동이 감정부조화에 정적(+)상관 관계가 나타났고, 감정부조화의 감정억제가 서비스사보타주에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

국내 스크린골프의 서비스품질이 고객만족 및 행동의도에 미치는 영향력을 이론적으로 규명하여 서비스품질에 대한 중요성을 강조하는 한편, 서비스품질과 행동의도 간에 고객만족이 어떠한 매개적 역할을 하는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 따라서 스크린골프 경험이 있는 20세 이상 성인을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 총 485명의 자료를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS statistics 20 통계분석 프로그램을 이용하여 조사대상자 특성을 파악하기 위한 빈도분석, 조사도구의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증을 위한 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 요인 간의 관계 및 영향력을 알아보기 위한 상관분석, 단순회귀와 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 스크린골프 서비스품질은 시설, 서비스, 인적 자원, 가격 순으로 고객만족 요인에 통계적으로 유의한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스크린골프 고객만족은 행동의도 요인에 통계적으로 유의한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스크린골프 서비스품질은 시설, 가격, 서비스, 인적 자원 순으로 행동의도 요인에 통계적으로 유의한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Offering an apology is one of the common service failure recovery strategies. Previous studies focused on examining the effectiveness of apology from the customer perspective. It is not clear whether and how customers perceive firm remorse after an apology influence their blame attribution and coping behaviors. Integrating a cognitive-emotive model and an empathy model, this research proposes and empirically tests a remorse-empathy-coping model to explain how customers respond to apology after mobile application service failures occur. Specifically, this research examines how perceived firm remorse influences blame attribution and emotional empathy, which subsequently affects coping behaviors (revenge and avoidance) in the mobile app service recovery context. The moderating role of technology anxiety in the proposed model is also identified. Four hundred and fifty-two mobile application service users were recruited for a survey study and the Structural Equation Modeling was used in order to test the research hypotheses. Our findings show that perceived firm remorse negatively influences blame attribution but positively influences empathy. Empathy negatively affects revenge and avoidance behaviors. In addition, technology anxiety moderates the effect of perceived firm remorse on blame attribution. The negative effect of perceived firm remorse on blame attribution becomes weaker when technology anxiety increases.

Inconsistent findings about role stress and performance motivates this study. Data from 240 customer service representatives (CSRs) and 27 supervisors showed that role conflicts (involving supervisors and consumers) negatively relate to performance, while CSRs’ adaptive behavior mediates the relationship. CSRs’ feedback seeking moderates effects of role conflicts on adaptive behaviors.

Introduction The retail environment, which is offering special experience to consumers based on customized consumer lifestyle, creates customer value from voluntary customer engagement. In recent study, it is shown that customer engagement is becoming an important factor which determines the characteristics of customer behavior in the retail and hospitality industries. However, the study of customer engagement has mainly focused on its performance in marketing field ( Hapsari, Clemes, and Dean, 2017; Kumar and Pansari, 2016) and most researches have handled the concept of customer engagement from the perspective of online environment(Shin and Byun, 2016; Jeon, 2016). Theoretical Development This study aims to investigate the psychological motivation for customer engagement and to examine the underlying factors of customer behavior in offline retail environment based on experience economy theory and Self-Determination Theory(SDT). First, this study investigates the relationship between perceived psychological benefits (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and intrinsic motivation. Also, this study tried to analyze the relationship between intrinsic motivation and customer engagement (conscious participation, enthusiasm, and social interaction). Second, we tried to examine the relationship between customer engagement and customer creation value (functional value, hedonic value, and social value). Thirdly, we suggested the effect of customer creation value on customer purchasing behavior (shopping memories, customer satisfaction, word-of-mouth, and revisit intention). In addition, we attempted to find the mediating effect of the hedonic value between customer engagement and shopping memories; customer engagement and customer satisfaction. Futhermore, we investigated the mediating effect of shopping experience between hedonic value and customer satisfaction. Finally, We discussed the managerial implication for differentiated competitive advantage in the experience-based retail environment. Research Design and Model Testing To test the research hypotheses and our research model, we conducted questionnaire survey from the respondents who have ever been to the major experience-based shopping malls within 6 months. Through the confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity of the study constructs were verified. By using the structural equation model, research hypotheses were tested and most research hypotheses were statistically significant and accepted. The final research model also showed the statistical significance with the goodness-of-fit indices. Result and Conclusion As shown in the results of this study, the experience-based retail environment leads to higher customer engagement and increase the customer’s hedonic value and reinforce positive shopping memories. Specifically, the experience-based retail environment is offering psychological benefits and customers enjoy experience itself. During the shopping experience, the customers are motivated for customer engagement. The managerial implications of the study results for the corporate managers in the retail and/or hospitality industries were also discussed.

Employee innovation is critical to business success and draws knowledge and ideas from customer engagement (CE). In particular, customer interaction, a key aspect of CE, offers opportunities for, and act as a source of, hotel employees’ innovative behaviors (Jaakkola & Alexander, 2014; Li & Hsu, 2016). Focusing on the hotel industry, this study investigates the role of customer interaction, positive affect, and employee motivations in enhancing employees’ innovative behaviors. A structural model was developed based on relevant literature and pilot tested on data collected via a quantitative survey of 196 hotel employees who were in a position requiring interactions with customers. The findings provide support for the proposed model and suggest customer interaction, positive affect, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivations as influential factors impacting on employees’ innovative behaviors directly and/or indirectly. This pilot study forms the basis of a larger project modeling the customer interaction - employee innovation relationship (findings to be presented at the conference). The study contributes to the limited literature on innovation through enhancing CB and employee emotional welfare, addressing the call to strengthen research on the antecedents and outcomes of CB (So, King, Sparks, & Wang, 2016). Practically, the results highlight a need for hotels’ benefit and reward systems to incorporate measures of employee performance in relation to CB.

The channel transformation to omni-channel is currently in progress in the retail industry. For the progress to occur, facilitating meaningful experiences of customers in their customer journeys, capturing such experiences through various channels and touch points, and then analyzing the information acquired as big data are required (Lemon and Verhoef, 2016). With the increase in the number of customer experiences being observed through the internet and mobile communication, the focus is now on engagement. However, there have not yet been many studies conducted to deliberate comprehensively on how the engagements of behavioral aspects captured through various channels and the evaluation indicators of customers, as represented by the RFM or LTV, are related in a broader sense. The purpose of this research is to clarify the relational structure from a comprehensive perspective that are not constrained by monetary amounts. This paper showed results using data from the retailer. This research is divided broadly into two stages. The first stage identifies the engagements of behavioral aspects and the relationship between the respective behaviors, as well as the typification of behavioral patterns. The second stage involves clarifying the relationship between the customer’s evaluation indicators and engagement behaviors. The engagement behaviors are basically correlated with RFM, however authors found that there is no relationship between specific engagement behavior and RFM in the group of low rank customers. On the other hand, using different types of services or shops from the core business strengthens the customer relationship. Finally, the relationship between the types of engagement behaviors and the respective customer evaluation indicators is presented in the conclusion.

Today, customers experience a multitude of online and offline touchpoints along their shopping journeys. A customer touchpoint is defined as a direct or indirect encounter with a firm along shopping process (Baxendale et al., 2015). Touchpoints can be oneway or two-way interactions between customers and firms (Verhoef, Kannan, & Inman, 2015). Instant experiences are initiated by firms, others or by customers themselves. These experiences influence customer’s overall experience with brands, and furthermore, have impact on customers' subsequent attitude and behaviour. Another important question for managers is to decide whether to aim for creating frequent encounters: focus on volume, or creating instant experiences with stronger positive-emotional response: focus on valence. Prior research investigated different touchpoints separately and mostly focused on the effect of the volume of touchpoint encounters on attitudes and behaviour. Taking a holistic perspective, we investigate the effects of volume and valence of customers’ previous experiences of firm, others and customer initiated touchpoints on satisfaction and current purchases. We employed a real-time tracking method where respondents reported their touchpoint experiences via a mobile phones, each time they encountered the focal brand in a 4- week period in supermarket, healthcare and banking categories. We employ a twostep dynamic Heckman Probit model to investigate the impact of volume and valence of touchpoints on customer behaviour, and a multivariate regression to investigate the touchpoint effects on brand satisfaction along customer journeys. Our results reveal that brand satisfaction is mostly explained by the effect of touchpoint valence and not touchpoint volume. Our behaviour model reveals that the volume, rather than valence, of previous customer initiated purchases and transactions impacts the frequency of current purchases.

본 연구는 항공기 객실승무원이 지각한 고객 불량행동, 정서적 고갈, 비인간화, 서비스 사보타주와 관련된 문헌연구를 바탕으로 고객 불량행동이 정서적 고갈, 비인간화, 서비스 사보타주에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 이를 위한 실증분석을 위해 항공기 객실승무원을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 구조방정식 모형을 활용해 가설을 검증하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항공기 객실승무원이 지각한 고객 불량행동, 정서적 고갈, 비인간화, 서비스 사보타주와 관련된 기존연구를 토대로 이들 변수간의 관계를 밝힘으로서, 항공기 객실승무원의 직무수행 능력과 조직유효성을 높이기 위한 관리방향을 고찰하고 항공사의 경쟁력 확보를 위한 경영전략을 제안하는데 그 주된 목적을 두고 있다. 실증분석 결과, 제시된 9개의 가설 중 8개가 유의한 것으로 검증되었으나, 몇 가지 한계점을 드러내고 있어 향후 다른 업종에 동일하게 적용할 수 있도록 연구범위를 확대하고, 항공기 객실승무원의 근무여건과 환경 등 여러 가지 상황을 고려한 다양한 변수들에 대한 연구도 같이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 엄격한 척도순화과정에도 불구하고 몇몇의 척도는 제거되어 지는 등 신뢰성 측면에서 다소 만족스럽지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 이를 보완하기 위하여 척도의 신뢰성과 타당성을 증대시켜야 할 것으로 사료된다.

This study (i) examines the main effect of how a customer’s trust in the service personnel could affect his/her service co-designing and co-delivering behavior; and (ii) investigates how the main effect could vary by the customer’s trust in the service brand, and the types of customer contact service contexts. Keywords: customer participation, co-

This article focuses on the use of the cosmetics channel of customers. There are many papers about channel choice behavior of consumers. Blattberg et al (2008) pointed out that the consumer decide their channel by marketing action, channel attribute, social influence, channel integration, individual difference, and situation factors. Kushwaha, et al (2013) said that in the case of buying an axiomatic product, consumers who are using only Web are excellent customers, whereas consumers using many channels are excellent customers in the case of a hedonistic product. Neslin, et al (2014) implied that the channel and brand are interrelated, so the customer think about both channel choice and brand choice at same time. Valentine et al (2014) found that multi-channel user is more information sensitive than that of single-channel user, and customer who are satisfied the service of their chosen channel do not try to use new channel. From these papers, it is clear that consumer’s channel choice behavior depends on, not only channel specialty, but also product specialty. On the other hand, there are not many studies about consumer behavior of cosmetic buying. Bloch et al (1992) implied that makeup made person more active, and an evaluation from another person lead to self-satisfaction. Fabricant (1993) pointed out that the purpose of makeup is self-expression and hiding one's fault. From the research of Coulter, et al (2000), opinion leader are more interested in cosmetics and much quantity of purchasing. Because cosmetic is very image oriented products, customer’s information sensitivity and cosmetic lifestyle are important to buy cosmetics Gathering data about channel choice behavior of consumers in Japan, it becomes clear that stylish and fashionable customers are willing to buy at department stores as their priority is channel images, while non-fashionable customers tend to buy at drugstores and GMS, as their priority is low price. It imply that stylish and fashionable score, cosmetic lifestyle of customer, and channel image are important factors for channel choice behavior of customer. Some customer use both department stores and drugstores, and some customer use both GMS and drugstores. Customers who use both department stores and drugstores are almost same lifestyle of customers who use department stores only, otherwise lifestyle scores of customers who use both GMS and drugstores are, almost same as drugstore only customers. It means that customer of department stores use drugstore as the sub channel of department stores, but customer of GMS use drugstore as the main channel. We must take care about customer combination of store channels. It becomes clear that channel images and customer lifestyle are very important to explain consumer’s channel choice.

서비스기업에게 있어서 고객은 부분적 종업원으로서 중요한 인적자원이다. 이때, 서비스접점에서의 중 요한 고객의 역할로 종업원의 역할내 행동과 유사한 개념으로 고객참여행동과 종업원의 역할외 행동과 유사한 개념으로 고객시민행동이 언급되고 있다. 고객참여행동은 필수적인 반면, 고객시민행동은 자발적 인 특성을 지니고 있다. 이에 접점종업원의 직무에 미치는 이 두 고객역할의 영향이 다를 수 있음을 비교 분석함으로써 접점종업원의 직무와 관련한 고객의 영향을 보다 명확하게 이해하고자 한다. 연구의 결과, 기술적 측면으로 이해될 수 있는 접점종업원의 직무성과는 고객시민행동보다 고객참여행 동에 의해 상대적으로 더욱 크게 영향을 받는 반면, 기능적 측면으로 이해되는 접점종업원의 직무만족은 고객참여행동보다 고객시민행동에 의해 더욱 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이는, 고객에 의한 접점종업원의 직무성과 및 만족을 관리하기 위해서, 서비스기업이 필요한 가치공동창출 역할로서의 고객행동 을 명확히 이해하고 관리할 필요성을 제기한다.

These days, thanks to lots of smart devices and advanced communication technologies, consumer’s recognition and relations have been changed. They, beyond relying on information and services which are produced by experts, produce information and knowledge by themselves via SNS or web that they want to know. As consumer’s recognition is changing like this, SNS is evolving into social platform. Therefore, this paper is intended to clarify overall relationship between network characteristics in social platform, knowledge sharing, social capital, social innovation and customer’s value. This paper has clarified influences between variables related to consumer’s behaviors in social platform and the results are summarized as following: First, network characteristics in social platform are found to positively affect knowledge sharing efforts of social platform. Second, knowledge sharing has been found to positively affect social capital and innovation in social platform. However, enjoyment in helping others i.e a sub variable is found to positively affect social capital and innovation through anticipated reciprocal relationships. Third, social capital and innovation in social platform have affected customer value in social platform positively. Consequently, this paper is intended to solve various problems found from overall societies and industries through social innovation and also to advance them. For these purposes, social platform is believed to prompt sharing idea and knowledge based on interactions between users and social relationship. These actions become social capitals resulting in social innovation. Moreover, these would create new businesses and marketing opportunities across various areas in the processes that innovative activities form customer values.

본 연구는 자동차 산업 내 소비자들의 고객불평행동과 기업과의 관계유지를 실증적으로 분석한 연구이다. 특히, 기업의 불평관리에 대한 소비자들의 인지된 공정성과 제품 원산지의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 222명의 국산차 소비자들과 232명의 외제차 소비자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 모든 세 가지 유형 (직접행동, 사적행동, 제삼자행동)의 소비자 불평행동들은 기업과의 관계유지에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과에 있어서는 기업의 불평관리에 대한 소비자들의 인지된 공정성이 높을수록 직접행동과 관계유지의 부정적인 관계를 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 국산차와 외제차를 기준으로 나눈 두 소비자 그룹 간의 원산지 효과 차이는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 사적행동과 관계유지의 부정적인 관계는 국산차 소비자들보다 외제차 소비자들에게서 더 약한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 실증결과는 서비스 마케팅 분야에서의 이론적 시사점뿐만 아니라 실무자들에게 유용한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the post-purchase behavior of customers who experienced cognitive dissonance after exposure to a franchise foodservice advertisement. The study adopted cognitive dissonance theory to explain the dissonance resulting from the combination of advertisements and actual product that consumers received. In detail, the research hypothesized that cognitive dissonance will affect consumers’ post-purchase behavior as well as their efforts to reduce dissonance. Exactly 274 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results showed that more than 80% of respondents were influenced by advertisements when purchasing menus, and 50% were unsatisfied when the provided menu “was not the same as the advertisement shown.” It was found that advertisement type did not significantly affect either group that experienced dissonance. In terms of satisfaction, however, the former group showed greater dissatisfaction when dissonance occurred (p<.001). Finally, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding post-purchase behavior (p<.05). Customers with dissonance were likely to ‘express dissatisfaction directly to the store’, ‘leave negative reviews’, and ‘participate in negative word-of-mouth’. Thus, the results revealed that cognitive dissonance could significantly influence customer satisfaction and consequently lead to negative post-purchasing behaviors.