This study was conducted to determine the association between dietary calcium intake and biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five subjects (41 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of patients who had visited the department of endocrine medicine. Data on anthropometric characteristics, clinical indices such as hemoglobin A1c and C-reactive protein (CRP), and dietary nutrient intakes were collected. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their calcium intake [<EAR (below estimated average requirement), EAR-RNI (between EAR and recommended nutrient intake), >RNI (above RNI)]. Average calcium intake of <EAR, EAR-RNI, >RNI groups were 462.7±18.7, 649.7±12.8, and 895.7±21.7 mg, respectively. Energy intake was not different among groups but intakes of protein, total and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in >RNI group than <EAR group. Analysis of covariance revealed that HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in EAR-RNI group, as compared to <EAR group after adjustment with confounders such as age, sex, BMI and energy intake (p<0.05). Levels of CRP and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were significantly lower in EAR-RNI group. Total cholesterol level was higher in EAR-RNI and >RNI groups, although within the normal range. Our results suggest that dietary calcium intake may influence the levels of HDL-cholesterol, CRP and HOMA2-IR and subsequently, help management/treatment of type 2 diabetes patients.

We investigated the effect of different kinds of dietary added fat on the fatty acid composition, cholesterol content and quality of hens‘ eggs. The Haugh units, breaking strength, shell thickness and yolk color were not significant difference among the groups. Dietary fat notably altered the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in the egg yolk. The n-6 fatty acid of egg yolk was highest in the corn oil fed group with 31.61%, and this tended to decrease in the order of the tallow, linseed oil and fish oil fed groups(p<0.05). The n-3 fatty acid of egg yolk tended to increase in the linseed oil and fish oil fed groups as 9.74% and 5.16%, respectively(p<0.05). Theses alterations in the yolk fatty acid composition resulted in a reduced cholesterol content of the eggs. The ranges of cholesterol content showed values of 15.98-18.37 mg/g of yolk or 227-261 mg/60g of egg, respectively(p<0.05). The cholesterol content of egg yolk was highest in the tallow fed group, and this tended to be reduced in the order of the fish oil, linseed oil and corn oil fed groups(p<0.05). The reduction of the egg yolk cholesterol content in the other groups compared to the tallow group was significantly different, i.e., 13.01% in the fish oil group, 11.49% in the linseed oil group and 6.91% in the corn oil group, respectively(p<0.05). This result suggests that it is possible to reduce the cholesterol content or to increase the n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in eggs by manipulation of the dietary added fats.

다시마 분말 첨가식이가 당뇨쥐의 당질과 지질대사 및 항산화효소계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 SD계 횐쥐에 17% 다시마 분말을 급여하여 7주간 실험 사육한 후 혈청의 포도당 및 지질농도와 주요장기의 항산화효소의 활성도를 관찰하였다. 다시마 당뇨군(TI)에서 다사마 섭취는 당뇨에 의한 체중감소 현상을 보였다. 당뇨군의 혈당 농도는 다시마 섭취에 의한 혈당강하 효과는 3주째에 나타났다. 당뇨에 의한 산화적 스트레스로 인해 증가한 GST 활성도가 다시마 섭취로 인해 정상 수준으로 저하됨으로써 다시마의 섭취가 당뇨시 산화적 반응에 대한 방어기전을 제공할 수 있음을 유추할 수 있었다. 또한 중성지방이 감소하고 HDL-콜레스테롤의 증가하는 경향으로 심혈관계와 관련되는 당뇨합병증의 억제 가능성을 제시하였다.

This study was performed to investigate nutritional intake, the dietary behaviors and plasma lipid profile between smokers and non-smokers of college male students in the Gyeonggi Area. Dietary behaviors and attitude toward smoking were investigated by questionnaires. The result obtained were as follows: There was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors. However, smokers tended to eat more snacks and desserts than nonsmokers. In plasma lipid levels, smokers had higher levels of plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol than that of non-smokers(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was a lower than that of non-smokers although the difference was not significant. AI(Atherogenic Index), Total /HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio of smokers were significantly higher than that of non-smokers(p<0.01). BMI and SBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.01) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01). DBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary γ-linolenic acid on plasma lipid metabolism and anti thrombotic activity in male Sprague Dwaley Strain rats. Rats weighing an average of 100~120g were fed a experimental diets containing 5% lard (saturated fatty acids), corn oil(linoleic acid), evening promise oil(EPO, 9% γ-linolenic acid) or borage oil(BO, 24% γ-linolenic acid) for 3Odays, respectively. Though there were no significant difference in the food intake among the groups, the body weight gain of the BO group was significantly lower than that of other group. The spleen weight of the lard group was significantly lower than that of other group. The bleeding time of the BO group was significantly longer than that of other group. The blood clotting time was significantly tended to long in EPO and BO groups compared with lard group. The plasma triacylglyceride and total cholesterol concentration were high in order of lard, com oil, EPO and BO, groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma HDL-C concentrations were high in order of BO, EPO, com oil and lard groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma LDL-C concentrations were significantly the highest in lard group, but the lowest in BO group. These data indicate that γ-linolenic acid has a antithrombotic activity, and decrease the plasma triacylglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations in rats.

This study was performed observe the effect of edible oil on the serum lipid of 0.5% cholesterol-fed rats. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 5groups which were fed differently eigher for 8 weeks : basal diet, 20% sunflower oil diet, 20% soybean oil diet, 20% rapeseed oil diet, 20% coconut oil diet. The followings are the results of this experiment. 1. The total chol., free chol., TG, PL level in the serum were showed tendency of decrease with in creasing of P/S ratios. 2. HDL-chol. level was increased with increasing of P/S ratios but LDL-chol. level was decreased. 3. GOT, GPT, TBA level in the serum were increased with increasing of P/S ratios.

This paper was performed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber and Chlorella added diets on serum composition of blood and histopathological change of liver and kidney in male rats. As the result, pectin added diets have an effect of decrease a serum, cholesterol and lipid of the tissue.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary fiber sources and levels on serum lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 52.7 ± 7.27g were devided into sevel groups by completely randomized block design and fed various dietary fibers which were prepared from Rice bran, Siraegi (The dried green parts of a radish) and Bracken Fern at a level of 5% and 10% respectively. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. Body weight gains were not significantly different among the groups and food intake was significantly higher in rats fed a diet of Siraegi 10% than those fed the control diet. 2. Fecal wet weights were significantly increased in all experimental groups. 3. Levels of serum total cholesterol in all experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group except the level in the R 10(Rice bran 10%) group. 4. Free Cholesterol levels in the serum were increased in all experimental groups, especially the levels in the R 10 (Rice bran 10%) and S 10 (Siraegi 10%) groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. 5. Ester Cholesterol levels in the serum were significantly lower in rats fed the experimental diets than those fed the control diet. 6. There was a tendency of higher serum HDL-Cholesterol levels in R5 (Rice bran 5%), R10 (Rice bran 10%) and B5(Bracken 5%) groups compared to the control group however no significant differences were found between the control group and all the experimental groups except in the case of the S5 (Siraegi 5%) group. 7. LDL, VLDL-Cholesterol levels in the serum sere significantly reduced in the S5 (Siraegi 5%), B5 (Bracken 5%) and B10 (Bracken 10%) groups. 8. The HDL-C./Total-C. Ratio was increased in all experimental group especially the Ratios in the S5 and B5 groups were significantly higher than that of the control group.