L-ascorbic acid (L-AA; vitamin C) induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of L-AA-induced apoptosis in human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma Hep-2 cells. L-AA suppressed the viability of Hep-2 cells and induced apoptosis, as shown by the cleavage and condensation of nuclear chromatin and increased number of Annexin V-positive cells. L-AA decreased Bcl-2 protein expression but upregulated Bax protein levels. In addition, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol and activation of caspase-9, -8, and -3 were enhanced by L-AA treatment. Furthermore, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) were translocated into the nucleus during apoptosis of L-AA-treated Hep-2 cells. L-AA effectively inhibited the constitutive nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and attenuated the nuclear expression of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Interestingly, L-AA treatment of Hep-2 cells markedly activated Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK]) and and LY294002 (Akt inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) or SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) decreased the levels of Annexin V-positive cells. These results suggested that L-AA induces the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells via the nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG by modulating the Bcl- 2 family and MAPK/Akt signaling pathways.

The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is an effective and widely used system for the production of recombinantproteins in insect cells or larvae. However, the expression efficiency of recombinant proteins using the polyhedrin promotercould not acquire the protein yields observed for native polyhedrin. In this study, we tried to develop hyper expressionvector by the optimal combination of previously reported various enhancer factors. The selected enhancer factors for optimalexpression consists homologous region5 (hr5), VP39 promoter and burst sequences. Seven recombinant viruses were madeto compare EGFP expression level. Each recombinant viruses showed different expression levels respectively, and themost of expression level was observed with higher than those of the previous vectors. This study suggests a new optionfor hyper expression of useful recombinant protein using the BEVS.

The reduction of the content of sodium chloride in noodle was studied to prevent the problems related to excessive sodium intake, such as high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of hydrolyzed anchovy products (HAP) on the salty taste of cooked noodle. The experiment was set up to determine the general properties of dough in dried and cooked noodles, with a sensory test used while increasing the concentration of HAP at same salt contents. There was no significant difference in water binding capacity, solubility, swelling power, lightness, and cooking properties. The redness, yellowness, and hardness were increased upon increasing the contents of HAP. From the sensory evaluation, cooked noodle with added HAP had a high score in appearance, color, texture, and flavor. Moreover, 50% and 75% HAP showed higher values than the control item in saltiness, preference of saltiness, and overall acceptance. Consequently, the HAP could have an effect on dried noodles or cooked noodles as a salty taste enhancer without changing the noodle’s properties.

짠맛 증진 물질을 탐색하기 위하여 국내에서 시판 중인 간장, 액젓 및 어간장의 품질특성을 분석한 결과, 모든 제 품이 기준·규격에 적합하였으나 까나리액젓의 경우에 식 염의 농도가 기준규격을 약 3% 정도 초과하는 것으로 조 사되었고 ICP-AES를 사용하여 측정한 나트륨 함량으로부 터 환산된 식염 농도는 약 1% 이상 더 높게 나타났다. 풍 미 및 짠맛에 기여하는 성분인 저분자 펩타이드 및 아미노 산이 존재할 것으로 판단되는 수용성 고형분 및 총질소 함 량은 액젓류가 간장류에 비하여 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났으며, 유리아미노산 함량을 탐색한 결과, 짠맛과 우 마미를 나타내는 glutamic acid, lysine 및 arginine의 함량 은 멸치어간장 > 저염간장 > 멸치액젓 > 새우육젓 > 양조 간장 > 복합어간장 > 전통간장 > 까나리액젓 > 전통청장 의 순서로 분석되었고 쓴맛에 관여하는 성분은 저염간장 > 멸치어간장 > 멸치액젓 > 새우육젓 > 양조간장 > 복합 어간장 > 전통간장 > 까나리액젓 > 전통청장의 순서로 분 석되었다. 뿐만 아니라 가수분해도 및 질소분포를 분석한 결과 멸치어간장의 경우에 가수분해도가 가장 높았고, 어 간장류에 존재하는 짠맛 증진 물질로 알려진 arginyl dipeptides와 같은 성분이 존재할 것으로 예측되는 아미노 산성 질소와 lowry N의 분율도 멸치어간장이 가장 높았다. 이러한 사실은 arginyl dipeptides가 존재할 것으로 판단되 는 GPC chromatogram의 분획 II가 멸치어간장에 가장 많 이 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 짠맛강도 평가결과는 국내 저염 간장을 가장 짜게 느꼈으며, 전통간장 > 창녕 멸치어간장 > 전통청장 > 멸치액젓 > 새우젓 > 까나리 액 젓 > 제주 어간장 > 양조간장 > 소금물 순으로 짠맛을 강 한 것으로 나타나 장기간 숙성이 짠맛을 증진하는데 효과 가 있다고 판단된다. 시판 멸치어간장으로부터 무염의 짠 맛 증진 물질의 분리하기 위하여 MAR을 이용한 흡착 및 탈착 시험으로 탈염처리를 한 결과, 무염의 짠맛 증진 물 질을 분리할 수 있는 가능성은 확인하였으나 짠맛 증진 물 질의 손실이 예상되어 MAR을 이용한 공정은 짠맛증진 물 질의 분리에는 부적합하지만, 멸치어간장 제조방법에서 고 염처리, 장기간 숙성 및 쓴맛 등의 문제를 개선하면 짠맛 증진 물질을 생산할 수 있는 산업적 제조공정을 확립할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Transducin-like enhancer protein 1(TLE-1) is protein associated with cell proliferation. This study analyzed change of TLE-1 mRNA expression during in vivo and in vitro maturation in porcine oocytes. Oocytes and granulose cells were collected from follicles of <2 mm, 2～6 mm and >6 mm in diameter in slaughtered pig’s ovaries. Oocytes collected from follicles of 2～6 mm in diameter were used after in vitro maturation for 0, 10, 20 and 44 h. Cumulus cells and granulose cells were collected after treatment with hyaluronidase. In results, TLE-1 mRNA expression in oocytes collected from follicle >6 mm in diameter is increased, TLE-1 RNA expression in cumulus cells and granulosa cells from follicles <2 mm, 2 mm 6 mm and >6 mm in diameter. However, there is no significant difference. On the other hand, TLE-1 mRNA expression from oocytes cultured for 10 h and 44 h is increased, TLE-1 mRNA in cumulus cells cultured for 10 h is significant increased(p<0.05) than other culture periods. In conclusion, these results show that TLE-1 is expressed in all cell types of oocytes, cumulus cells and granulose cells, and associated with oocyte maturation.

Radar is an indispensible equipment in all vessels under way. In Korea there are many fishing net buoys near the coast, which causes an enormous threat to safe navigation because it is very difficult to detect the buoys by radar due to their small radar cross section. In this study RTE(Radar Target Enhancer) was installed on the fishing net buoy and its echo was analysed carefully. The results showed the possibility of wide detection of targets, especially small targets such as fishing net buoys, navigation buoys and etc.