Background: Reproductive management practices play crucial roles to maximize the reproductive performance of cows, and thus contribute to farm profitability. We aimed to assess the reproductive management of cows currently practiced in the dairy farms in an urban farming system. Methods: A total of 62 dairy farms were randomly selected considering all size of farms such as small (1-5 cattle), medium (6-20 cattle) and large farms (> 20 cattle) from selected areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The reproductive managementrelated parameters viz. estrus detection, breeding method, pregnancy diagnosis, dry cow and parturition management, vaccination and treatment of reproductive problems etc. were obtained in a pre-defined questionnaire during the farm visit. Results: The visual observation method was only used (100.0%; 62/62) for estrus detection irrespective of size of the farms; while farmers observed cows for estrus 4-5 times a day, but only for 20-60 seconds each time. Regardless of farm size, 89.0% (55/62) farms used artificial insemination (AI) for breeding the cows. Intriguingly, all farms (100.0%) routinely checked the cows for pregnancy at 35-40 days post-breeding using rectal palpation technique by registered veterinarian. However, only 6.5% (4/62) farms practiced dry cow management. Notably, all farms (100.0%) provided nutritional supplements (Vit D, Ca and P) during late gestation. However, proper hygiene and cleanliness during parturition was not practiced in 77.4% (48/62) farms; even though 96.7% (60/62) farms treated cows by registered veterinarian for parturition-related problems. Conclusions: While farmers used AI service for breeding and timely check their cows for pregnancy; however, they need to increase observation time (30 minutes/ observation, twice in a day: early morning and early night) for estrus detection, consider dry cow management and ensure hygienic parturition for maximizing production.

In this paper, among the various facilities used in marine farming, young bivalves of the Mytilus galloprovincialis of marine farming was placed on the deck of the fishing vessel to evaluate the environment conditions and drive shaft movement by rolling affecting the separator for the young bivalves and a clean process. There were a few studies on stress analysis of development facilities because it was difficult to access the fishing site due to the use of imported equipment and the lack of development of domestic equipment. In this study, stress analysis of the fixed part of separator for young bivalves and its adjacent part was performed on various phases when the vessel was tilted by rolling using the finite element method. In addition, the structural safety of the internal blade under the driving conditions according to the movement of the drive shaft by the hydraulic motor was confirmed through structural analysis. As a result, the connection part between the deck and the separator by rolling was confirmed to have higher stress than that of other parts due to stress concentration. In addition, it was confirmed that the maximum stress occurred on the connection part between blades. Even though the safety of the separator for marine farming was confirmed by structural analysis, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the age of vessels, the material of the deck, and the corrosion of the deck.

경북 안동의 진걸맘농장은 딸기와 쪽 농사를 주로 하고 있으며 10년 이상 친환경 무농약 농법을 인증받은 농가로서 천적을 활용하여 토경 1,000평 규모의 시설 하우스에 딸기 재배를 하고 있다. 2018-2020에 경북농민사관학교 친환경 천적과정을 통하여 천적의 자가생산 기술을 배우고 2021년부터 농가에서 직접 자가생산을 시작하였다. 그래서, 진걸맘농가는 칠레이리응애를 자가사육하여 지속적으로 딸기 재배지에 처리함으로서 점박이응애 방제에 성공한 농업인으로서 국내 첫 사례로 꼽힌다. 또한, 2022년 안동시농업기술센터에서 안전농산물 생산을 위한 천적 배양시 스템 보급 시범 사업에 선정되어 딸기 해충의 생물적 방제를 위한 뿌리이리응애, 칠레이리응애, 보리뱅커플랜트 등의 천적 배양시설 완공, 천적의 자가생산 및 성공적인 현장적용 기술로서 농산물의 지역특화, 브랜드화를 통한 농산물 가격 차별화에 크기 기여하였으며 국내 천적농업의 발전을 위해 앞장서고 있는 선도농가로 인정받고 있다.

Agrophotovoltaic (APV) system is an integrated system producing crops as well as solar energy. Because crop production underneath Photovoltaic (PV) modules requires delicate management of crops, smart farming equipment such as real-time remote monitoring sensors (e.g., soil moisture sensors) and micro-climate monitoring sensors (e.g., thermometers and irradiance sensors) is installed in the APV system. This study aims at introducing a decision support system (DSS) for smart farming in an APV system. The proposed DSS is devised to provide a mobile application service, satellite image processing, real-time data monitoring, and performance estimation. Particularly, the real-time monitoring data is used as an input of the DSS system for performance estimation of an APV system in terms of production yields of crops and monetary benefit so that a data-driven function is implemented in the proposed system. The proposed DSS is validated with field data collected from an actual APV system at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in South Korea. As a result, farmers and engineers enable to efficiently produce solar energy without causing harmful impact on regular crop production underneath PV modules. In addition, the proposed system will contribute to enhancement of the smart farming technology in the field of agriculture.

Agrophotovoltaic (APV) system is an integrated system producing crops as well as solar energy. Because crop production underneath Photovoltaic (PV) modules requires delicate management of crops, smart farming equipment such as real-time remote monitoring sensors (e.g., thermometers, irradiance sensors, and soil moisture sensors) is installed in the APV system. This study aims at introducing a simulation-based decision support system (DSS) for smart farming in an APV system. The proposed DSS is devised to provide a mobile application service, satellite image processing, real-time data monitoring, and simulation-based performance estimation. Particularly, an agent-based simulation (ABS) is used to mimic functions of an APV system so that a data-driven function and digital twin environment are implemented in the proposed system. The ABS model is validated with field data collected from an actual APV system at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in South Korea. As a result, farmers and engineers enable to efficiently produce solar energy without causing harmful impact on regular crop production underneath PV modules. In addition, the proposed system will contribute to enhancement of the digital twin technology in the field of agriculture.

Climate change has severely impacted food security and agricultural productivity in Africa. The scarcity of rains and the severe drought affecting the Sub-Saharan and the horn of Africa have impoverished the soil, and water resources, and have caused the death of livestock in countries like Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Niger, and etc. On the other hand, the usage of chemical fertilizers for soil and crop nutrients is becoming an economic and environmental burden for African farmers. Thus, the necessity to implement sustainable agricultural technics to maintain and improve soil fertility by applying natural nutrients obtained from livestock manure while livestock is fed with crop residues in a single agricultural area. Although this farming system offers environmental and economic benefits to farmers, particularly in the rural and semi-urban areas, its implementation is very low in Africa because of: 1) constant migration of herders in the search of green pasture for livestock, making the collection of manure difficult, 2) religious and traditional beliefs considering animal waste as not being pure to be applied on crops, 3) conflicts between herders and farmers over the control of water resources and arable lands, making the cohabitation of livestock and crops in one farmland unlikely, and 4) the habit of crop residues burning, which is not just harmful to the environment but also a waste of natural livestock fed. Based on the reviewed literature, the Korea-Africa Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (KAFACI) plans to develop and implement an integrated crop-livestock project in KAFACI member countries with the mission 1) to diffuse the importance of using natural nutrients for improving soil fertility and enhancing crop and livestock productivity in Africa, 2) to train researchers and farmers on new technologies for manure treatments, 3) to demonstrate the benefits of using livestock manure for soil fertility, crops nutrients, while using crop residues as livestock nutrients, and 4) contribute to enhancing sustainable agriculture in Africa through the reduction of greenhouse gas by reducing livestock’s waste and crop residues burning.

Language is the carrier of a nation’s culture and contains a wealth of cultural information. The origin of a name is the reason why something is named, which is closely related to the cultural concept of people in the time when the word was created. Therefore, it is possible to explore the cultural information behind the words by examining their origins. Qi Min Yao Shu is one of the four major agricultural books of ancient China and is known as the “Encyclopedia of Agriculture in Ancient China”. We selected four typical terms in Qi Min Yao Shu, farming tools, farming actions, farming places, and water conservancy facilities, and conducted an extensive cognate word association of these terms. On this basis, we explore the characteristics of the naming rationale of these farming words and interpret the cultural concepts in them. The study finds that the naming rationale of these words reflects the ancient “agricultural-oriented” thought, which is reflected in both farming practice and emotion. Secondly, the naming rationale of these words also contains the cultural concept of the ancient people’s pursuit of the unity of heaven, earth, things and people, that is, to accurately understand and use the objective laws of heaven, earth and things. Lastly, What is more profound is the philosophical thinking of the ancient people on the relationship between man and nature, which is reflected in the naming rationale of these words, reflecting the ancient people’s feelings of reliance on and reverence for nature, and reflecting the philosophical concept of “the unity of nature and human”.

본 연구는 해양레저 분야로 귀어⋅귀촌한 청장년층들이 겪는 현실적인 문제점을 분석하여 해양레저산업을 통한 귀어⋅귀촌 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 해양레저 귀촌인이 겪는 문제점과 해양레저 귀어⋅귀촌을 활성화 할 수 있는 방안은 무엇인가? 라는 연구 문제를 해결하기 위해 질적연구방법 중의 하나인 사례연구를 통해 연구가 수행되었다. 면담 대상자는 해양레저 귀촌인과 관련 분야 전문가를 선정하였다. 그 결과 도출된 문제점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어촌의 배타적 문화로 발생하는 어려움. 둘째, 초기 투자비용 마 련의 어려움. 셋째, 해양레저 귀어⋅귀촌 교육프로그램의 부족으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고, 해양레저산업을 통한 귀어⋅귀촌 활성화를 위해 제시된 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인센티브제도 도입을 통한 어촌 진입장벽 완화. 둘째, 귀어⋅귀촌 종합센터의 매칭 시스 템 구축. 셋째, 어촌의 유휴부지를 활용한 귀어⋅귀촌 촉진. 넷째, 어촌계의 선 투자 후 위탁운영 시스템 도입. 다섯째, 수산 분야 교육이 포함된 해양레저 귀어⋅귀촌 교육프로그램 구축. 여섯째, 해양레저 귀어⋅귀촌 인프라 구축으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this paper is to confirm the trend of inland water fish farming in North Korea and to suggest a plan for inter-Korean cooperation. North Korea’s inland water fish farming laid the foundation for production in the 1950s and 1960s, and production facilities were expanded until 1980. In the midst of the severe economic crisis in the 1990s, North Korea paid attention to inland water fish farming as an alternative to food production. The military took the lead in expanding the aquaculture industry and catfish farming was encouraged. In the Kim Jong-un era, North Korea’s inland fish farming continues the tradition of catfish farming and promotes a policy of expanding inland cage farming. This study comprehensively reviewed recent inter-Korean relations, North Korea’s food crisis and acceptability, and UN sanctions. As a result, inland water fish farming is the most promising field for inter-Korean cooperation in the field of fisheries. In the initial stage of inter-Korean cooperation in the field of inland water fish farming, humanitarian aid projects such as feed and seed support can be promoted. In the stage of expanding inter-Korean cooperation, knowledge sharing program and materials and facilities support projects can be promoted. Development cooperation and direct private investment are possible at the full-scale stage.

어류 양식장 퇴적물 중 유기물과 중금속의 오염상태를 파악하기 위하여 통영-거제 연안 어류 양식장 퇴적물 중 총유기탄소 (TOC), 총질소(TN), 중금속(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn)을 조사하였다. 양식장 퇴적물 중 TOC와 TN의 평균농도는 각각 22.7 mg/g과 3.4 mg/g로 남해안의 반폐쇄적인 내만보다 높았다. 퇴적물 중 중금속의 평균농도는 비소(As) 10.5 mg/kg, 카드뮴(Cd) 0.37 mg/kg, 크롬(Cr) 82.9 mg/kg, 구리(Cu) 127 mg/kg, 철(Fe) 4.19 %, 수은(Hg) 0.041 mg/kg, 망간(Mn) 596 mg/kg, 납(Pb) 39.5 mg/kg, 아연(Zn) 175 mg/kg였으며, 이중 Cd, Cu의 농도는 인접한 남동해 연안의 패류양식해역보다 3배 이상 높았다. 퇴적물 기준을 이용한 오염평가 결과, 대부분의 어류 양식장에서 TOC와 중금속 중 Cu 농도가 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전체 중금속 농도를 고려한 오염부하량지수(PLI)와 생태계위해 도지수(ERI) 결과는 일부 어류 양식장 퇴적물이 저서생물에 극심한 부정적인 생태 영향을 줄 수 있는 상태(disastrous risk)인 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 어류 양식장 퇴적물은 유기물 및 일부 중금속에 의한 오염된 상태를 보이고 있어, 양식장 퇴적환경을 개선하고 퇴적물내 유기물 및 중금속의 주된 오염원을 파악하는 한편 오염부하량을 저감하는 종합적인 관리대책이 필요하다.

Global warming affects critical natural resources, one of which is the oceans that occupy 70% of the total cover of the earth. In other words, ocean warming is a subset of global warming which needs to be addressed urgently. Purple laver (pyropia spp.) is one of the most vulnerable items to climate change although it is a major export product of Korean fisheries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causality of how climate change caused by global warming affects the increase or decrease of PLP (purple laver production). The target area for analysis was set to Maro-hae between Jindo-gun and Haenam-gun. We selected marine environmental factors and meteorologic factors that could affect PLP as variables, as well as co-integration tests to determine long-term balance, and the Granger causticity tests. As a result, PLP and marine environmental factors WT (water temperature), pH, and DO confirmed that long-term equilibrium relationships were established, respectively. However, there is only causality with WT and it is confirmed that there is only a correlation between pH and DO (dissolved oxygen). There was no long-term equilibrium relationship between PLP and HDD (heating degree days) and there is a causal effect that HDD affects PLP; however, it was less clear than that of WT. The relationship between PLP and RF (rainfall), WS (wind speed), SS (percentage of sunshine), and FF (farm facilities) was all balanced in the long term, and causality exists. Based on the results of the analysis, policy proposals were made.